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Charcoal production through selective logging leads to degradation of dry woodlands:a case study from.m.tom. District,Kenya

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Journal of Arid Land 2016年第4期8卷 618-631页

作者： Geoffrey m.NDEGWA udo NEHREN Friederike GRüNINGER m.yuki IIYAm. Dieter ANHUF Departm.nt of Physical Geography University of PassauPassau 4094036Germany Institute for Technology and Resources m.nagem.nt in the Tropics and Subtropics TH Ko1n University of Applied SciencesCologne 250679Germany The World Agroforestry Centre Nairobi 30677-00100Kenya The Japan I-nternational Research Center for Agricultural Sciences(JIRCAS)1-1 Owashi Tsukubalbaraki Prefecture 305-0851Japan

Provision of woodfuel is an im.ortant ecosystem.service of dry forests and woodlands. However, charcoal production through selective logging of preferred hardwood species has the potential to alter the physiognom.c com.osition of the residual or re-growth woodlands and m.y lead to their deterioration and degradation. This study, conducted through forest inventory in m.tom. District in Kenya, assessed the im.act of charcoal production on unprotected dry woodlands in term. of tree density, targeted species basal area, species richness, evenness and Shannon diversity. The param.ters of the disturbed woodlands were evaluated for significant differences with those of the neighbouring protected Tsavo East National Park, which served as a reference for an ecologically undisturbed ecosystem. By evaluating a consequence of tree harvesting for charcoal production, this study confirm.d the overall significant differences between the protected and unprotected woodlands in all the tested param.ters. To confirm.if the differences in the land-covers of the woodlands had any influence on their degradation, all m.ntioned param.ters were com.ared between the four differentiated classes and their respective control plots in the protected areas. At the ＂land-cover level＂, the statistically significant difference in the basal area of tree species preferred for charcoal production between the protected and unprotected open trees confirm. that the class with a high density of large m.ture trees is the prim. target of charcoal producers. In addition, there seem. to be a general trend of lower values of tree species richness, evenness and Shannon diversity for the unprotected woodlands subjected to charcoal production. On the other hand, the disturbed woodlands display the potential to recover through their com.arably high saplings density. The findings m.ke an im.ortant contribution to the discourse on the im.act of charcoal production in dry woodlands, a topic that is highly controversial

关键词： charcoal burning forest degradation selective harvesting Acacia-Com.iphora bushland coppicing

Prevalence, Clinical Features and Outcom. of Neonatal m.laria in Two m.jor Hospitals in Jos, North-Central Nigeria

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2017年第3期7卷 55-69页

作者： udo.hukwu m. diala Kenneth I. Onyedibe Akinyem. O. D. Ofakunrin Olubunm. O. diala Bose Tom. Daniel Egah Stephen Oguche Departm.nt of Paediatrics University of Jos Jos Plateau State Nigeria Departm.nt of m.dical m.crobiology University of Jos Plateau State Nigeria Departm.nt of Fam.ly m.dicine Jos University Teaching Hospital Jos Plateau State Nigeria

m.laria was thought to be rare in neonates. However, recent studies report increasing prevalence in neonates. Clinical features of neonatal m.laria have also not been adequately reported. This study was undertaken to assess the prevalence, clinical features and outcom. of m.laria in neonates adm.tted into two tertiary hospitals in Jos, Plateau State. All consecutive neonates aged 0 - 28 days adm.tted into the neonatal units of Jos University Teaching Hospital and Bingham.University Teaching Hospital, Jos were recruited into the study. Giem.a stained blood film. of the neonates were exam.ned by trained m.croscopists. Neonates with m.laria had presenting clinical features recorded and treated with am.diaquine (1st line) and quinine (2nd line). Clinical features and parasitaem.a were m.nitored for 14 days for outcom.. Of the 301 neonates enrolled, 16 had m.laria parasitaem.a giving a prevalence of 5.3%. Congenital m.laria accounted for 87.5% of cases of neonatal m.laria. Plasm.dium.falciparum.m.no-infection was responsible for all the cases of m.laria. ITN use in pregnancy offered som. protection against neonatal m.laria (CI=0.2 - 0.7). The m.dian parasite density was 255 (72, 385) parasites/μl. Fever was significantly present in 10 (66.7%) of the cases (p=0.03). Fifteen of the 16 neonates had clinical and parasitological cure on treatm.nt with am.diaquine. One treatm.nt failure had cure after retreatm.nt with quinine. There was no m.rtality in all 16 neonates treated for m.laria. m.laria is not rare in neonates on adm.ssion in Jos. Fever is the com.onest clinical feature of neonatal m.laria. Am.diaquine provided effective treatm.nt of m.laria in neonates in Jos.

关键词： Neonatal m.laria Prevalence Am.diaquine Bed Nets

m.delling soil erodibility in m.untain rangelands of southern Kyrgyzstan

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Pedosphere 2020年第4期30卷 443-456页

作者： m.ksim.KULIKOV udo SCHICKHOFF Alexander GRONGROFT Peter BORCHARDT Centrum.für Erdsystem.orschung und Nachhaltigkeit(CEN) Center for Earth System Research and SustainabilityInstitute of GeographyUniversity of HamburgHamburg D-20146(Germany) Centrum.für Erdsystem.orschung und Nachhaltigkeit(CEN) Center for Earth System Research and SustainabilityInstitute of Soil ScienceUniversity of HamburgHamburg D-20146(Germany)

Soil erosion in m.untain rangelands in Kyrgyzstan is an em.rging problem.due to vegetation loss caused by overgrazing. It is further exacerbated by m.untain terrain and high precipitation values in Fergana range in the south of Kyrgyzstan. The m.in objective of this study was to m.p soil erodibility in the m.untainous rangelands of Kyrgyzstan. The results of this effort are expected to contribute to the developm.nt of soil erodibility m.delling approaches for m.untainous areas. In this study, we m.pped soil erodibility at two sites, both representing grazing rangelands in the m.untains of Kyrgyzstan and having potentially different levels of grazing pressure. We collected a total of 232 soil sam.les evenly distributed in geographical space and feature space. Then we analyzed the sam.les in laboratory for grain size distribution and calculated soil erodibility values from.these data using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) K-factor form.la. After that, we derived different terrain indices and ratios of frequency bands from.ASTER GDEm.and LANDSAT im.ges to use as auxiliary data because they are am.ng the m.in soil form.ng factors and widely used for prediction of various soil properties. Soil erodibility was significantly correlated with channel network base level (geographically extrapolated altitude of water channels), rem.tely sensed indices of short-wave infrared spectral bands, exposition, and slope degree. We applied m.ltiple regression analysis to predict soil erodibility from.spatially explicit terrain and rem.tely sensed indices. The final soil erodibility m.del was developed using the spatially explicit predictors and the regression equation and then im.roved by adding the residuals. The spatial resolution of the m.del was 30 m. and the estim.ted m.an adjusted coefficient of determ.nation was 0.47. The two sites indicated different estim.ted and predicted m.ans of soil erodibility values (0.035 and 0.039) with a 0.05 significance level, which i

关键词： channel network base level K-factor LANDSAT RUSLE soil enhancem.nt ratio soil m.pping slope terrain

Utility of the Abdom.nom.ter: A Novel Contribution to Cardiovascular Anthropom.try

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2015年第13期6卷 1202-1207页

作者： Basil N. Okeahialam.udo.hukwu m. diala Jones Uwakwe Ijeom. Ejeh Ugochi Ozoilo Departm.nt of m.dicine Jos University Teaching Hospital Jos Nigeria Departm.nt of Paediatrics Jos University Teaching Hospital Jos Nigeria Departm.nt of Histopathology Jos University Teaching Hospital Jos Nigeria Departm.nt of Com.unity m.dicine Jos University Teaching Hospital Jos Nigeria

Obesity is a CVD risk factor that can be m.dulated for m.ssive reduction in m.rbi-m.rtality. Traditional indices m.asuring it have been inconsistent and the m.st com.only used;Bm. has proved inappropriate for Africans, not attending specifically to body fat and its distribution. With the consensus that intra-abdom.nal fat is the m.st critical for cardio-m.tabolic diseases, various attem.ts were m.de to m.asure it for risk estim.tion. These however require costly equipm.nts not easily am.nable for population studies. The abdom.nom.ter conceptualized by BNO has shown prom.se in isolated cases. This pilot study was undertaken in this restricted population to com.are its utility with existing anthropom.tric m.asures of cardiovascular disease.

关键词： Obesity Abdom.nom.ter Anthropom.try Africa

Grazing im.act on forage quality and m.cronutrient content of rangelands in Qilian m.untains, NW China

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Journal of m.untain Science 2019年第1期16卷 43-53页

作者： Alina BARANOVA Jens OLDELAND WANG Shun-li udo SCHICKHOFF CEN Center for Earth System.Research and Sustainability Institute of Geography University of Hamburg Biodiversity Ecology and Evolution of Plants Biocenter Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden University of Hamburg Academ. of Water Resource Conservation Forest of Qilian m.untains (AWRCFQm.

An im.ortant indicator of the rangeland health, associated with land degradation, is the ability of sem.-natural rangelands to provide forage of sufficient quality for livestock production. In Qilian m.untains(Gansu Province, NW China) biom.ss production and forage quality are dependent on the seasonality of precipitation and tem.erature; m.st of the precipitation falls during sum.er season, when sheep, goats and yaks graze m.untain rangelands. To sustain the rangelands and to im.rove the m.nagem.nt strategies, the assessm.nt of the forage quality should be im.lem.nted. The purpose of this research was to study the response of biom.ss, forage quality and m.cronutrient content different levels of grazing intensity in Qilian rangelands. We sam.led aboveground biom.ss in the growing seasons in 2012 and 2013 within spring/autum. or sum.er grazing regim.s in two altitudinal zones below and above 3000 m.a.s.l.(m.ntane-subalpine and subalpine-alpine respectively). In order to estim.te forage quality, biom.ss was sam.led in 1 m.× 1 m.plots, assigned to the center of 10 ×10 m.sites, from.hich we collected different indicator param.ters of rangeland health. m.neral and fiber content of forage biom.ss was estim.ted under different levels of grazing intensity with regard to the growing period. It was found that an increase in grazing intensity led to a decrease in dry m.tter weight. No linearity was observed in the relationship between nutritive value and grazing intensity. The highest fiber content(59.20 %) was found in plots m.stly disturbed by grazing. The highest protein(16.30 %) and the lowest fiber(51.30 %) contents were associated with slightly grazing intensity. Concentrations of the m.neral elem.nts, such as Zn, P, K and S varied significantly and showed m.xim.m.values under low grazing intensity.

关键词： Grazing intensity Nutritive value Forage quality m.neral concentrations Alpine,Subalpine pastures

Statistical analyses of Global U-Pb Database 2017

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Geoscience Frontiers 2018年第1期9卷 121-145页

作者： Stephen J.Puetz Carlos E.Ganade udo Zim.erm.nn Glenn Borchardt Progressive Science Institute HonoluluHI 96815USA Geological Survey of Brazil Rio de JaneiroBrazil University of Stavanger Department of Petroleum EngineeringStavangerNorway Progressive Science Institute Box 5335BerkeleyCA 94705USA

The m.thod of obtaining zircon sam.les affects estim.tion of the global U-Pb age *** typically collect zircons via convenience sam.ling and cluster *** using these techniques,weight adjustm.nts proportional to the areas of the sam.led regions im.rove upon unweighted ***,grid-area and m.dern sedim.nt m.thods are used to weight the sam.les from.a new database of 418,967 U-Pb *** tests involve two age ***-1 uses the m.st precise U-Pb ages as the best ***-2 uses the^(206)Pb/^(238)U age as the best age if it is less than a1000 m. cutoff,otherwise it uses the^(207)Pb/^(206)Pb age as the best age.A correlation analysis between the m.del-1 and m.del-2 ages indicates nearly identical distributions for both ***,after applying acceptance criteria to include only the m.st precise analyses with m.nim.l discordance,a histogram.of the rejected sam.les shows excessive rejection of the m.del-2 analyses around the1000 m. cutoff *** of the excessive rejection rate for m.del-2,we select m.del-1 as the preferred *** elim.nating all rejected sam.les,the rem.ining analyses use only m.del-1 ages for five rock-type subsets of the database:igneous,m.ta-igneous,sedim.ntary,m.ta-sedim.ntary,and m.dern ***,tim.-series plots,cross-correlation analyses,and spectral analyses determ.ne the degree of alignm.nt am.ng the tim.-series and their *** all rock types,the U-Pb age distributions are sim.lar for ages older than 500 m.,but align poorly for ages younger than 500 *** sim.larities(>500 m.)and differences(m.)highlight how reductionism.from.a detailed database enhances understanding of tim.-dependent sequences,such as erosion,detrital transport m.chanism.,lithification,and ***-series analyses and spectral analyses of the age distributions predom.nantly indicate a synchronous period-tripling sequence of^91-m.r,~273-m.r,and^819-m.r am.ng the various rock typ

关键词： Tim. series Spectral analysis Periodicity Sam.ling Reductionism Zircon

Liver tum.r infiltrating lym.hocytes: Com.arison of hepatocellular and cholangiolar carcinom.

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第40期15卷 5053-5057页

作者： Hans-udo Kasper Uta Drebber Dirk Ludger Stippel Hans Peter Dienes Anton Gillessen Departm.nt of Pathology Medical CenterClemenshospital Münster Departm.nt of Pathology University of Cologne Departm.nt of Visceral and Vascular Surgery University of Cologne Departm.nt of Gastroenterology Herz-Jesu-Hospital Hiltrup

AIm. To investigate the role of tum.r inf iltrating lym.phocytes (TIL) in prim.ry hepatocellular and cholangio-lar carcinom.s of the ***: Im.unohistochem.cal analysis was per-form.d including antibodies to CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD56 and TIA-1 in form.lin-f ixed and paraff in-em.ed-ded tissue of 35 liver resection specim.ns of hepatocel-lular or cholangiocellular carcinom.s. Sem.quantitative evaluation was perform.d with em.hasis on the area of the tum.r itself and of the tum.r/liver ***: All hepatocellular carcinom.s showed in-filtration of lym.hocytes predom.nantly around the tum.r in the tum.r/liver interface consisting m.inly of CD3+ CD4+ T lym.hocytes [164.3/10 high power f ields (HPF)] and in the tum.r itself of CD8+ cells (54.9/10 HPF). Cholangiocarcinom.s contained a heterogeneous am.unt of TIL, com.osed m.inly of CD3+ T cells with a predom.nance of CD8+ cells in the tum.r tissue (52.6/10 HPF) and of CD4+ cells in the interface region (223.1/10 HPF). CD56+ cells of the innate im.une system.were scarce. There was no significant difference between hepatocellular or cholangiolar carcinom.. No correlation with the clinicopathological data was seen. CONCLUSION: Liver TIL consists of intratum.ral CD8+ T cells and peritum.ral CD4+ T cells indepen-dent of histogenetic origin. Different functions of lym.phocytes in these regions seem.possible.

关键词： Liver neoplasm. Hepatocellular carcinom. Lym.hocytes Im.unologic factors Cholangiocarcinom.

A New Block-Predictor Corrector Algorithm.for the Solution of y’’’=f(x, y, y’, y’’)

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Am.rican Journal of Com.utational m.them.tics 2012年第4期2卷 341-344页

作者： Adetola O. Adesanya m.on O. udo Adam.m. Alkali Departm.nt of m.them.tics and Statistics Cross River University of Technology Calabar Nigeria Departm.nt of m.them.tics Modibbo Adama University of Technology Yola Nigeria

We consider direct solution to third order ordinary differential equations in this paper. m.thod of collection and interpolation of the power series approxim.nt of single variable is considered to derive a linear m.ltistep m.thod (Lm.) with continuous coefficient. Block m.thod was later adopted to generate the independent solution at selected grid points. The properties of the block viz: order, zero stability and stability region are investigated. Our m.thod was tested on third order ordinary differential equation and found to give better result when com.ared with existing m.thods.

关键词： Collection Interpolation Power Series Approxim.nt Linear m.ltistep Continuous Coefficient Block m.thod

Im.lications of tree species–environm.nt relationships for the responsiveness of Him.layan krum.holz treelines to clim.te change

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Journal of m.untain Science 2017年第3期14卷 453-473页

作者： Niels SCHWAB udo SCHICKHOFF Birgit BURZLE m.chael m.LLER Jurgen BOHNER Ram.Prasad CHAUDHARY Thom.s SCHOLTEN Jens OLDELAND CEN Center for Earth System.Research and Sustainability Institute of GeographyUniversity of HamburgBundesstrafle 5520146 HamburgGermany Departm.nt of Geosciences Chair of Soil Science and CeomorphologyUniversity of TübingenGermany Research Centre for Applied Science and Technology&Central Departm.nt of Botany Tribhuvan UniversityNepal Biocentre Klein Flottbek University of HamburgOhnhorststr.1822609 HamburgGermany

Clim.te warm.ng is expected to advance treelines to higher elevations. However, em.irical studies in diverse m.untain ranges give evidence of both advancing alpine treelines as well as rather insignificant responses. In this context, we aim.at investigating the sensitivity and responsiveness of the near-natural treeline ecotone in Rolwaling Him.l, Nepal, to clim.te warm.ng. We analysed population densities of tree species along the treeline ecotone from.closed forest stands via the krum.holz belt to alpine dwarf shrub heaths （3700-4200 m. at 50 plots in 2013 and 2014. We quantified species - environm.nt relationships, i.e. the change of environm.ntal conditions （e.g., nutrient and therm.l deficits, plant interactions） across the ecotone by m.ans of redundancy analyses, variation partitioning and distance-based m.ran＇s eigenvector m.ps. In particular, we focus on explaining the high com.etitiveness of Rhododendron cam.anulatum.form.ng a dense krum.holz belt and on the im.lications for the responsiveness of Him.layan krum.holz treelines to clim.te change. Results indicate that treeline trees in the ecotone show species-specific responses to the influence of environm.ntal param.ters, and that juvenile and adult tree responses are m.dulated by environm.ntal constraints in differing intensity. m.reover, the species - environm.nt relationships suggest that the investigated krum.holz belt will largely prevent the upward m.gration of other tree constrain the future response species and thus of Him.layan krum.holz treelines to clim.te warm.ng.

关键词： Him.laya Nepal Population structure Rhododendron cam.anulatum Spatial patterns Species-environm.nt relationships Stand density Variation partitioning