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Comparison of antioxidant activity of insulin, Ocimum gratissimum L., and Vernonia amygdalina L. in type 1 diabetic rat model

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2017年第4期15卷 302-309页

作者： Uduak akpan Okon Idorenyin udo.Umoren Department of Physiology Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences College of Health Sciences University of Uyo

OBJECTIVE： Diabetes mellitus （DM） is known to be associated with increase of oxidative stress products. The direction of effect of any treatment on these products could therefore be a reliable measure of its efficacy on DM. So the aim of this study was to investigate the activity of insulin, Ocimum gratissimum L. （OG） and Vernonia amygdafina L. （VA） on oxidative stress ***： Thirty-six female Wistar rats weighing 150-200 g were randomly divided into six groups of six rats each. Thirty rats were induced for type 1 DM （DM1） with a single intraperitoneal administration of 65 mg/ kg body weight of streptozotocin. Group 1 was normal control and was administered distilled water while Group 2 served as DM1 control group; Groups 3, 4, 5 and 6 were diabetic rats treated with 208 mg/kg OG （DM1 ＋ OG）, 52 mg/kg VA （DM1 ＋ VA）, 208 mg/kg OG ＋ 52 mg/kg VA （DMI＋OG ＋VA） and 0.16 IU insulin （DM1 ＋ insulin） respectively. Determination of methemoglobin and sulfhemoglobin was achieved by the absorption spectrum principle. Red blood cell （RBC） catalase was assayed by continuous spectrophotometric ***： The RBC catalase concentration was significantly decreased in the DM1 and DMI＋VA groups when compared with the normal control. DM1 ＋ OG significantly increased RBC-catalase when compared to DMI. The methemoglobin concentration was significantly reduced in the DM1, DM1 ＋ VA, DM1 ＋ OG ＋ VA and DM1 ＋ insulin groups when compared to the normal control group. The sulfhemoglobin concentration was significantly increased in the diabetic control and the diabetic treated groups when compared to the normal control. DM1 ＋ OG reduced the sulfhemoglobin concentration when compared to DM1. The blood glucose concentration of all the diabetic groups was significantly raised compared to normal control. OG, VA and insulin significantly reduced the blood glucose concentration with the efficacy of OG and VA higher than ***： Adverse alteration of oxidative indices were obse

关键词： oxidative stress diabetes mellitus, type 1" insulin Ocimum gratissimum L. Vemonia amygdalina L.

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White Noise Analysis: A Measure of Time Series Model Adequacy

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Applied Mathematics 2019年第11期10卷 989-1003页

作者： Imoh udo.Moffat Emmanuel Alphonsus akpan Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Uyo Uyo Nigeria Department of Mathematical Science Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi Nigeria

The purpose of this study is to apply white noise process in measuring model adequacy targeted at confirming the assumption of independence. This ensures that no autocorrelation exists in any time series under consideration, and that the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model entertained is able to capture the linear structure in such series. The study explored the share price series of Union bank of Nigeria, Unity bank, and Wema bank obtained from Nigerian Stock Exchange from January 3, 2006 to November 24, 2016 comprising 2690 observations. ARIMA models were used to model the linear dependence in the data while autocorrelation function (ACF), partial autocorrelation function (PACF), and Ljung-Box test were applied in checking the adequacy of the selected models. The findings revealed that ARIMA(1,1,0) model adequately captured the linear dependence in the return series of both Union and Unity banks while ARIMA(2,1,0) model was sufficient for that of Wema bank. Also, evidence from ACF, PACF and Ljung-Box test revealed that the residual series of the fitted models were white noise, thus satisfying the conditions for stationarity.

关键词： Autocorrelation Model Identification Model Estimation Diagnostic Checking Time Series

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Selection of Heteroscedastic Models: A Time Series Forecasting Approach

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Applied Mathematics 2019年第5期10卷 333-348页

To overcome the weaknesses of in-sample model selection, this study adopted out-of-sample model selection approach for selecting models with improved forecasting accuracies and performances. Daily closing share prices were obtained from Diamond Bank and Fidelity Bank as listed in the Nigerian Stock Exchange spanning from January 3, 2006 to December 30, 2016. Thus, a total of 2713 observations were explored and were divided into two portions. The first which ranged from January 3, 2006 to November 24, 2016, comprising 2690 observations, was used for model formulation. The second portion which ranged from November 25, 2016 to December 30, 2016, consisting of 23 observations, was used for out-of-sample forecasting performance evaluation. Combined linear (ARIMA) and Nonlinear (GARCH-type) models were applied on the returns series with respect to normal and student-t distributions. The findings revealed that ARIMA (2,1,1)-EGARCH (1,1)-norm and ARIMA (1,1,0)-EGARCH (1,1)-norm models selected based on minimum predictive errors throughout-of-sample approach outperformed ARIMA (2,1,1)-GARCH (2,0)-std and ARIMA (1,1,0)-EGARCH (1,1)-std model chosen through in-sample approach. Therefore, it could be deduced that out-of-sample model selection approach was suitable for selecting models with improved forecasting accuracies and performances.

关键词： ARIMA Model GARCH-Type Model Heteroscedasticity Model Selection Time Series Forecasting Volatility

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Blood Pressure Control among Adult African Chronic Kidney (CKD) Patients—How Close Are We to Target?

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2020年第1期10卷 50-59页

作者： Effiong Ekong akpan Udeme Ekpenyong Ekrikpo Aniema Isaac-Assam udo.Aniedi Victor Umoh Idongesit Odudu Umoh Department of Internal Medicine University of Uyo Uyo Nigeria

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is usually progressive, often resulting in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The two most common causes of renal disease, hypertension and diabetes mellitus contribute greatly to the mobility and mortality associated with CKD. It has been found that lowering BP is effective in reducing cardiovascular events in patient with a moderate reduction in GFR and in those with ESRD on dialysis. The aim of this study was to assess blood pressure control among adult African CKD patients. Method: The case notes of chronic kidney patients who assess care in the renal unit of our Teaching Hospital were retrieved for the study after obtaining informed consent from the ethical unit of the hospital. To be eligible for the study, the patient, must have been attending the renal clinic and on anti-hypertensives for a minimum period of 6 months. Results: Eighty-seven CKD patients (46 males and 41 females) with a mean age of 50.9 ± 13.3 years. The proportion of patients who achieved blood pressure control was 13.79% (95% CI 7.34% - 22.85%). Among the pre-dialysis patients, BP control was achieved in 13.64% compared to 14.29% among the patients on dialysis. Nineteen (21.84%) of the patients were on one blood pressure lowering agent;26 (29.89%) on two;33 (37.93%) on three;7 (8.05%) on four and 2 (2.30%) on five. Conclusion: Blood pressure control among African adult CKD patients is difficult with many of them requiring more than two antihypertensive drugs.

关键词： Blood Pressure Control. CKD Africa

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