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Priority areas for watershed service conservation in the Guapi-Macacu region of Rio de Janeiro,Atlantic Forest,Brazil

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Ecological Processes 2014年第1期3卷 95-115页

作者： Vanesa Rodriguez Osuna Jan Borner udo Nehren Rachel Bardy Prado Hartmut Gaese Jurgen Heinrich Center for Development Research(ZEF) Department of Economic and Technological ChangeUniversity of BonnWalter-Flex-Str.353117 BonnGermany Institute for Technology and Resources Management in the Tropics and Subtropics(ITT) Cologne University of Applied SciencesBetzdorfer Str.250679 CologneGermany Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária(EMBRAPA Soils) Brazilian Enterprise for Agricultural ResearchGeotechnologies and Environmental MonitoringRua Jardim BotanicoCEP 22460-000 Rio de JaneiroBrazil Institute for Geography Department of Physical GeographyUniversity of LeipzigJohannisallee 19a04103 LeipzigGermany

Introduction:Land use intensification and urbanisation processes are degrading hydrological ecosystem services in the Guapi-Macacu watershed of Rio de Janeiro.A proposal to pay farmers to restore natural watershed services might be an alternative to securing the water supply in the long-term for the around 2.5 million urban water users in the study *** study quantifies the costs of changing current land use patterns to enhance watershed services and compares these costs to the avoided costs associated with water treatment for public ***:We use farm-household data to estimate the opportunity costs of abandoning current land uses for the recovery of natural vegetation;a process that is very likely to improve water quality in terms of turbidity due to reduced inputs from *** cost estimates are extrapolated to the watershed scale based on remote sensing land use classifications and vulnerability analysis to identify priority zones for watershed management *** assess the potential demand for watershed services,we analyse water quality and treatment cost data from the main local water treatment ***:Changing agricultural land uses for watershed services provision generally comes at high opportunity costs in our study area near to the metropolis of Rio de *** low cost watershed conservation options do exist in the livestock production *** options have the potential to directly reduce the amount of sediments and nutrients reaching the water bodies,and in turn decrease the costs of treatment needed for drinking *** cover changes at the scale needed to improve water quality will,nonetheless,likely exceed the cost of additional investments in water ***:The state water utility company’s willingness to pay for watershed services alone will not be enough to induce provision of additional watershed *** conclude that monetary incentives conditioned on specific adjustme

关键词： Water services Drinking water treatment Water quality Incentive-based watershed management

Effects of polyethyleneimine-functionalized MCM-41 on flame retardancy and thermal stability of polyvinyl alcohol

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Particuology 2015年第2期13卷 14-21页

作者： Meisam Shabanian Mehdi Khoobi Farideh Hemati Hossein Ali Khonakdar Khalil Faghihi udo Wagenknecht Seyed esmaeil Sadat ebrahimia Abbas Shafiee Department of Medicinal Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research CenterTehran University of Medical Sciences Faculty of Chemistry and Petrochemical Engineering Standard Research Institute(SRI) Department of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceArak University Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute Leibniz-Institute of Polymer Research

Hyperbranched polyethylenimine （PEl）-functionalized mesoporous silica （MCM@PEI） was synthesized and used to produce poly（vinyl alcohol）（PVA） nanocomposites. The modified nanofiller was charac- terized with infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and N2 adsorption. When compared with pure meso- porous silica （MCM）, the MCM@PEI nanoparticles exhibited better dispersion in the PVA matrix. The effects of MCM@PEI on the thermal and flame properties of PVA nanocomposites were also studied. Improvement in the thermal properties was confirmed by enhanced thermal stability and char yield. Incorporation of MCM@PEI in PVA led to a significant drop in the heat release rate and the total heat release.

关键词： Nanocomposite PVA Nanofiller MCM-41

“Macrobot”:An Automated Segmentation-Based System for Powdery Mildew Disease Quantification

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Plant Phenomics 2020年第1期2卷 334-346页

作者： Stefanie Lück Marc Strickert Maximilian Lorbeer Friedrich Melchert Andreas Backhaus David Kilias udo Seiffert Dimitar Douchkov Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research(IPK) Correnstr.306466 SeelandGermany Physics Institute II University of GiessenHeinrich-Buff-Ring 1635392 GiessenGermany Julius Kühn Institute for National and International Plant Health Messeweg 11/1238104 BraunschweigGermany Fraunhofer Institute for Factory Operation and Automation(IFF) Sandtorstr.2239106 MagdeburgGermany

Managing plant diseases is increasingly difficult due to reasons such as intensifying the field production,climatic change-driven expansion of pests,redraw and loss of effectiveness of pesticides,rapid breakdown of the disease resistance in the field,and other *** substantial progress in genomics of both plants and pathogens,achieved in the last decades,has the potential to counteract this negative trend,however,only when the genomic data is supported by relevant phenotypic data that allows linking the genomic information to specific *** have developed a set of methods and equipment and combined them into a“Macrophenomics facility.”The pipeline has been optimized for the quantification of powdery mildew infection symptoms on wheat and barley,but it can be adapted to other diseases and host *** Macrophenomics pipeline scores the visible powdery mildew disease symptoms,typically 5-7 days after inoculation(dai),in a highly automated *** system can precisely and reproducibly quantify the percentage of the infected leaf area with a theoretical throughput of up to 10000 individual samples per day,making it appropriate for phenotyping of large germplasm collections and crossing populations.

关键词： linking pesticides typically

Relations between Hall Plates with Complementary Contact Geometries

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2019年第11期7卷 2836-2867页

作者： udo Ausserlechner Department Sense and Control Infineon Technologies AG Villach Austria

Singly connected Hall plates with N peripheral contacts can be mapped onto the upper half of the z-plane by a conformal transformation. Recently, Homentcovschi and Bercia derived the General Formula for the electric field in this region. We present an alternative intuitive derivation based on conformal mapping arguments. Then we apply the General Formula to complementary Hall plates, where contacts and insulating boundaries are swapped. The resistance matrix of the complementary device at reverse magnetic field is expressed in terms of the conductance matrix of the original device at non-reverse magnetic field. These findings are used to prove several symmetry properties of Hall plates and their complementary counterparts at arbitrary magnetic field.

关键词： Complementary Hall Plate Conformal Mapping Hall Plate Reverse Magnetic Field on Complementary Device Resistance Matrix Reverse Magnetic Field Reciprocity Stream Function Calculus of Residues

Theory of affinity maturation of antibodies

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2013年第4期4卷 67-72页

作者： udo Riss DRE-Dr. Riss Ellipsometerbau GmbH Ratzeburg Germany

Based on the theory of long distance interaction between antibodies and antigens we developed a theory of affinity maturation of antibodies that is based on longitudinale electric waves. Early stage antibodies show a wide frequency spectrum for antigens and are polyspecific. After affinity maturation the antibody shows a very narrow band spectrum, the antibodies become monospecific. The feedback between antibody and antibody producing cell is done via messenger molecules that are also communicating with help of longitudinal electric waves. These messenger molecules transfer information from antibody arms and are informing cells whether the epitopes are switched on or off. The folding of antibody is done via eigen frequency resonances.

关键词： Affinity Maturation Somatic Mutation THz Waves Antibody Antigen

The Classical Hall Effect in Multiply-Connected Plane Regions Part I: Topologies with Stream Function

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2019年第9期7卷 1968-1996页

作者： udo Ausserlechner Department of Sense and Control Infineon Technologies AG Villach Austria

Typical Hall plates for practical magnetic field sensing purposes are plane, simply-connected regions with peripheral contacts. Their output voltage is the sum of even and odd functions of the applied magnetic field. They are commonly called offset and Hall voltage. Contemporary smart Hall sensor circuits extract the Hall voltage via spinning current Hall probe schemes, thereby cancelling out the offset very efficiently. The magnetic field response of such Hall plates can be computed via the electric potential or via the stream function. Conversely, Hall plates with holes show new phenomena: 1) the stream function exists only for a limited class of multiply-connected domains, and 2) a sub-class of 1) behaves like a Hall/Anti-Hall bar configuration, i.e., no Hall voltage appears between any two points on the hole boundary if current contacts are on their outer boundary. The paper studies the requirements under which these effects occur. Canonical cases of simply and doubly connected domains are computed analytically. The focus is on 2D multiply-connected Hall plates where all boundaries are insulating and where all current contacts are point sized.

关键词： Anti-Hall Bar Doubly Connected Geometry Factor Hall Plate Multiply Connected Non-Peripheral Contacts Reverse Magnetic Field Reciprocity Stream Function

Optimisation of Climate Robust Buildings under Summer Conditions with ＂Primero-Comfort＂ Simulation Software Including Detailed User Behaviour and Comfort Expectance

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2011年第9期5卷 765-771页

作者： udo Dietrich Research Group REAP （Resource Efficiency in Architecture and Planning） Hafen City University Hamburg Hamburg Germany

In this paper the possibilities for avoiding active air conditioning by all means of the room itself （window size, glazing, shading system, natural ventilation, and furniture）, artificial light and control strategy of these systems are investigated. A very important component of the system is the user with his ability to adapt to changing conditions in his surrounding and with his possibilities to manipulate the window, the shading system, the light switch etc. All these aspects interact together. It is necessary to optimize them simultaneously. But real planning often separates them into single sections. Simulation tools also handle normally only one or a few aspects, we know for example the thermal simulation or the daylight simulation. Primero-Comfort （2009） is a simulation tool based on energy＋, what is able to consider thermal simulation as well as daylight simulation as well as user behaviour in regard to the probability of window openings. The resulting thermal comfort is rated by an adaptive comfort model, the Dutch ISSO 74 （2004）. This allows designing office rooms more realistic. And it shows that an optimized solution has to include the interactions of aU mentioned aspects. Investigations with Primero-Comfort for a moderate European climate （Hamburg） show that a very good comfort can be reached only by passive means of building design also for hot summer weather just like the summer in the year 2003. The keys for such hot-summer-robust-buildings are night ventilation with height difference, heat protection glazing and good shading system, reduced internal heat gains for artificial light by accepting a threshold of 300 lx of daylight as comfortable and a reduced window size oriented on daylighting and the view out of the window.

关键词： Thermal comfort adaptive comfort models building simulation hot summer weather design occupant behaviour

An Analytical Theory of the Signal-to-Noise Ratio of Hall Plates with Four Contacts and a Single Mirror Symmetry

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2018年第10期6卷 2032-2066页

作者： udo Ausserlechner Sense and Control Infineon Technologies AG Villach Austria

This work gives an analytical theory of the signal-to-thermal-noise ratio (SNR) of classical Hall plates with four contacts at small magnetic field. In contrast to previous works, the symmetry of the Hall plates is reduced to only a single mirror axis, whereby the average of potentials of the two output contacts off this mirror axis differs from the average of potentials at the two supply contacts on the mirror axis, i.e. the output common mode differs from 50%. Surprisingly, at fixed power dissipated in the Hall plate, the maximum achievable SNR is only 9% smaller for output common modes of 30% and 70% when compared to the overall optimum at output common modes of 50%. The theory is applied to Vertical Hall effect devices with three contacts on the top surface and one contact being the buried layer in a silicon BiCMOS process. Geometries are found with large contacts and only a moderate loss in SNR.

关键词： Hall Plate Vertical Hall Effect Device Geometry Factor Conformal Mapping Signal to Noise Ratio Single Mirror Symmetry Equivalent Resistor Circuit Common Mode Potential

The Classical Hall Effect in Multiply-Connected Plane Regions Part II: Spiral Current Streamlines

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2019年第10期7卷 2231-2264页

作者： udo Ausserlechner Department of Sense and Control Infineon Technologies AG Villach Austria

Multiply-connected Hall plates show different phenomena than singly connected Hall plates. In part I (published in Journal of Applied Physics and Mathematics), we discussed topologies where a stream function can be defined, with special reference to Hall/Anti-Hall bar configurations. In part II, we focus on topologies where no conventional stream function can be defined, like Corbino disks. If current is injected and extracted at different boundaries of a multiply-connected conductive region, the current density shows spiral streamlines at strong magnetic field. Spiral streamlines also appear in simply-connected Hall plates when current contacts are located in their interior instead of their boundary, particularly if the contacts are very small. Spiral streamlines and circulating current are studied for two complementary planar device geometries: either all boundaries are conducting or all boundaries are insulating. The latter case means point current contacts and it can be treated similarly to singly connected Hall plates with peripheral contacts through the definition of a so-called loop stream function. This function also establishes a relation between Hall plates with complementary boundary conditions. The theory is explained by examples.

关键词： Circulating Current Corbino Disk Corbino Images Corbinotron Doubly Connected Hall Plate Loop Current Multiply Connected Non-Peripheral Contacts Reverse Magnetic Field Reciprocity Spiral Streamlines Stream Function