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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2014年第6期4卷 454-463页

作者： Mohd Yasir udai vir singh sara Department of Pharmacy Uttarakhand Technical UniversityDehradun 248007UttarakhandIndia Department of Pharmaceutics ITS Pharmacy CollegeMuradnagarGhaziabad 201206Uttar PradeshIndia College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Raj Kumar Goel Institute of TechnologyGhaziabad 201201Uttar PradeshIndia

In the present study,haloperidol(HP)-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles(SLNs)were prepared to enhance the uptake of HP to brain via intranasal(i.n.)*** were prepared by a modified emulsification-diffusion technique and evaluated for particle size,zeta potential,drug entrapment efficiency,in vitro drug release,and *** parameters were found to be in an acceptable *** vitro drug release was found to be 94.1674.78%after 24 h and was fitted to the Higuchi model with a very high correlation coefficient(R2¼0.9941).Pharmacokinetics studies were performed on albino Wistar rats and the concentration of HP in brain and blood was measured by high performance liquid *** brain/blood ratio at 0.5 h for HP-SLNs i.n.,HP *** HP *** 1.61,0.17 and 0.031,respectively,indicating direct nose-to-brain transport,bypassing the blood-brain *** maximum concentration(Cmax)in brain achieved from *** of HP-SLNs(329.17720.89 ng/mL,Tmax 2 h)was significantly higher than that achieved after i.v.(76.9577.62 ng/mL,Tmax 1 h),and i.n.(90.1376.28 ng/mL,Tmax 2 h)administration of HP *** highest drug-targeting efficiency(2362.43%)and direct transport percentage(95.77%)was found with HP-SLNs as compared to the other *** DTE(%)and DTP(%)suggest that HP-SLNs have better brain targeting efficiency as compared to other formulations.

关键词： Brain targeting Haloperidol Intranasal route Pharmacokinetics Solid lipid nanoparticles

Insights into the interface of NiCo_(2)O_(4) spinel/LaCoO_(3) perovskite nano-composite for CO and soot oxidation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 339-349页

作者： Neha Harshita singh Satya vir singh Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology(BHU)Varanasi221005India Department of Botany Institute of ScienceBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi221005India

In the quest for the development of thermally stable,highly active and low-cost catalysts for use in catalyzed diesel particulate filter,nano-composites are new areas of ***,we reported the easy synthesis of spinel NiCo_(2)O_(4)/perovskite LaCoO_(3) nano-composite,and its individual oxides NiCo_(2)O_(4)and LaCoO_(3) for *** detailed insights into the physio-chemical characteristics of formed NiCo_(2)O_(4)/LaCoO_(3) nano-composite were done based on various characterization analysis such as X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR),N_(2) physiosorption,scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy(SEM-EDX),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The characterization analysis of NiCo_(2)O_(4)/LaCoO_(3) revealed the successful formation of a chemical interface possessing strong interfacial interaction,resulting in desirable physicochemical characteristics such as small crystallite size,abundant mesoporosity,high specific surface area and activation of surface lattice *** to the desirable characteristics,the activity results over NiCo_(2)O_(4)/LaCoO_(3) nano-composite showed the excellent CO oxidation performance and high soot oxidation activity,recyclability and thermal *** work mainly attempts to emphasize the effectiveness of the facile,inexpensive and conventionally used precipitation method for the successful formation of highly efficient nano-composites.

关键词： LaCoO_(3) NiCo_(2)O_(4) Spinel/perovskite CO oxidation Soot oxidation Chemical interface

A Survey of Fodder Plants in Mid-altitude Himalayan Rangelands of Uttarakhand,India

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Journal of Mountain Science 2008年第3期5卷 265-278页

作者： vir singh RD Gaur Babita Bohra Professor Department of Environmental ScienceCollege of Basic Sciences and HumanitiesGB Pant University of Agriculture and TechnologyPantnagar-263145UttarakhandIndia Emeritus Professor Department of BotanyHNB Garhwal UniversitySrinagar-246174UttarakhandIndia Regional Rangeland Consultant International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD)P.O. Box 3226KhumaltarKathmanduNepal

Himalayan rangelands, the crucial but by and large the neglected ecosystems, are an integral part of mountain farming systems. The present investigation is based on the extensive survey and collection of mid-altitude range plants from Almora and Champawat districts of Kumaun division in the Uttarakhand Himalaya in India, from September 2003 to June 2007. The rangelands studied were oak types, chirpine types, grass types and mixed ones. Some 300 species of grasses, other herbaceous plants, trees and shrubs were found in the mid-altitude rangelands. A sizeable number of species belonged to the family of Poaceae. The grass-dominated rangelands especially harboured a variety of grass species of good fodder value. The diversity of fodder plants is a proportion of the enormous biodiversity occurring in the parts of the Himalaya. A panorama of the biodiversity emerged in this study, which is of both intangible value and direct value for the livestock- and rangeland- dependent mountain communities, suggests a very high scope of the utilization of this natural and uncultivated biodiversity for supporting livestock- based livelihoods of the region. This biodiversity also has enormous bearing on the cultivated area of the region.

关键词： Rangelands mid-altitude fodder plants biodiversity Himalaya Uttarakhand

Eco-politics of rangeland management in the Hindu Kush-Himalayan Region:articulating ecology into food sovereignty,environmental security,development and peace for a sustainable world

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Eco-politics of rangeland management in the Hindu Kush-Himal...

Single MO-CCCCTA-Based Electronically Tunable Current/Trans-Impedance-Mode Biquad Universal Filter

ⅩⅪ International Grassland Congress and the Ⅷ International Rangeland Congress

作者： vir singh Environmental Science College of Basic Sciences ＆ HumanitiesGB Pant University of Agriculture and TechnologyPantnagar 263145UttarakhandIndia.Professor

＜正＞Introduction Rangelands are the uncultivated areas or abandoned cultivated areas and occasionally fallow lands that harbour natural or seeded/planted vegetation of herbaceous and woody species and that serve as habitats of a variety of wild animals, support domesticated animals,provide unique products and ecosystem services especially vital for the livelihoods of livestockdependent communities（singh 2007）.Rangelands make approximately 70 percent of the world’s total area（Zhaoli 2004）.The current dismal state of the Hindu Kush-Himalayan（HKH） Region - in many areas full of chaos,turmoil and instabilitycould be transformed into a state springing hope,peace and *** sound natural resource management is a precondition to maintain essential ecological integrity of any system,which is of critical value serving as the strongest foundation for the sustainability of the natural resources and systems on the living *** integrity actually is the real substance of human happiness.

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Circuits and Systems 2011年第1期2卷 1-6页

作者： Sajai vir singh Sudhanshu Maheshwari Durg singh Chauhan 不详

This paper presents an electronically tunable current/trans-impedance-mode biquad universal filter employing only single multi-output current controlled current conveyor trans-conductance amplifier (MO-CCCCTA) and two grounded capacitors. The proposed filter realizes all the standard filter func-tions i.e. low pass (LP), band pass (BP) and high pass (HP), notch and all pass (AP) filters in the current form at high impedance output through appropriate selection of the input signals, without any matching conditions. Simultaneously, it can also realize all the standard filter functions in trans-impedance form from the same circuit topology. The circuit does not require inverting-type input current signal(s) and double input current signal(s) to realize all the responses in the design. The validity of proposed filter is verified through PSPICE simulations.

关键词： Universal Current-Mode Trans-Impedance-Mode Biquad Filter

Current Processing Current Tunable Universal Biquad Filter Employing Two CCTAs and Two Grounded Capacitors

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Circuits and Systems 2013年第6期4卷 443-450页

作者： Ravindra singh Tomar Sajai vir singh Durg singh Chauhan Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Banaras Hindu University Varanasi India Department of Electronics and Communications Jaypee Institute of Information Technology Noida India Department of Electronics Engineering Anand Engineering College Agra India

This paper presents a current processing current-tunable universal biquad filter employing two current conveyor transconductance amplifiers (CCTAs) as active element and two grounded capacitors as passive element. It realizes all the five standard filtering responses such as low pass (LP), band pass (BP), high pass (HP), band reject (BR) and all pass (AP) through appropriate selection of applied current inputs. Proposed circuit does not require minus input current signal and double input current signal to realize different filtering responses. It also does not require component matching condition to realize any filtering responses. Moreover, the circuit offers the advantage of orthogonal electronic tunability of pole-frequency and quality factor. The circuit exhibits low active and passive sensitivities. The circuit performance is verified through P-SPICE simulation software.

关键词： Biquad Current-Mode Universal Filter CCTA

Universal Current-Controlled Current-Mode Biquad Filter Employing MO-CCCCTAs and Grounded Capacitors

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Circuits and Systems 2010年第2期1卷 35-40页

作者： Sajai vir singh Sudhanshu Maheshwari Durg singh Chauhan 不详

This paper presents a universal current-controlled current-mode biquad filter employing current controlled current conveyor trans-conductance amplifiers (CCCCTAs). The proposed filter employs only three MO- CCCCTAs and two grounded capacitors. The proposed filter can simultaneously realize low pass (LP), band pass (BP), high pass (HP), band reject (BR) and all pass (AP) responses in current form by choosing appropriate current output branches. In addition, the pole frequency and quality factor of the proposed filter circuit can be tuned independently and electronically over the wide range by adjusting the external bias currents. The circuit possesses low active and passive sensitivity performance. The validity of proposed filter is verified through PSPICE simulations.

关键词： Biquad Current-Mode Universal Filter

Evaluation of “Indigenous Vaccine” Developed Using “Indian Bison Type” Genotype of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosisStrain “S5” of Goat Origin in a Sheep Flock Endemic for Johne’s Disease: A Three Years Trial in India

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World Journal of Vaccines 2013年第2期3卷 52-59页

作者： Shoor vir singh Ajay vir singh Pravin Kumar singh Saurabh Gupta Harendra singh Brajesh singh Omalur Rajendran Vinodh Kumar Aripudur Sellappan Rajendiran Narendra Nath Swain Jagdip singh Sohal Central Institute for Research on Goats Mathura Indi Central Institute for Research on Goats Mathura India Southern Regional Research Centre Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute Kodaikanal India

“Indigenous vaccine” developed from native “Indian Bison Type” strain (“S5”) of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) of “goat origin” was first time evaluated in a sheep flock of Bharat Merino breed located in Mannavanur town of Tamil Nadu in South India. Therapeutic efficacy of the vaccine was evaluated for 3 years between 2008 and 2010, on the basis of improvements in productivity (body weights, reproductive efficiency and survivability), physical condition, clinical symptoms (weakness, diarrhea, wool quality), immune response (sero-conversion) and infection load in feces (shedding). After immunization of the flock in 2008, the successive progenies of 112 and 53 lambs born in 2009 and 2010, respectively were vaccinated. Whereas, 40 lambs born to control animals were kept as unvaccinated controls. Though gain in body weights in vaccinated versus controls were not significant in 2008, growth rates were distinctly superior in Ist and IInd generations of vaccinated lambs. Reproductive performance (tupping percent) and survivability of lambs and adult sheep improved significantly. There was overall reduction in yearly morbidity (diarrhea) and mortality rates of the flock in post vaccination years. Shedding of MAP in feces was reduced in vaccinated sheep by 6.2%, 14.3% and 27.3% in 2008, 2009 and 2010 respectively, whereas shedding increased in the control sheep. Seromonitoring of the animals by “indigenous ELISA kit” showed enhanced “flock immunity” in successive generations. “Indigenous vaccine” reduced clinical disease and shedding and improved immunity and productivity of Bharat Merino flock, endemic for Johne’s disease.

关键词： Paratuberculosis Indigenous Vaccine Indian Bison Type Bharat Merino Sheep India

VDTA Based Electronically Tunable Voltage-Mode and Trans-Admittance Biquad Filter

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Circuits and Systems 2015年第3期6卷 93-102页

作者： Gunjan Gupta Sajai vir singh Sunil Vidya Bhooshan Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Jaypee University of Information Technology Solan India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Jaypee Institute of Information Technology Noida India

In this paper, a biquad filter configuration based on two voltage differencing transconductance amplifiers (VDTAs) as newly active elements and only two capacitors as passive elements is proposed which can realize voltage-mode low pass (LP), band pass (BP), high pass (HP), band reject (BR) and all pass (AP) filtering responses using three voltage inputs. Simultaneously, the same configuration can also be used to obtain LP, BP and HP filtering responses in transadmittance-mode. The proposed biquad is capable of providing electronic control of quality factor independent of pole frequency through single transconductance parameter (biasing current). It also offers the advantage of low active and passive sensitivity. To support the theoretical analysis, the PSPICE simulation of the proposed circuit is done using 0.18 μm CMOS technology from TSMC.

关键词： VDTA Biquad Filter Voltage-Mode Trans-Admittance-Mode

Survival mechanisms of Mycobacterium aviumsubspecies paratuberculosiswithin host species and in the environment—A review

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Natural Science 2013年第6期5卷 710-723页

作者： Shoor vir singh Ajay vir singh Avnish Kumar Pravin Kumar singh Rajib Deb Amit Kumar Verma Amit Kumar Ruchi Tiwari Sandip Chakraborty Kuldeep Dhama Animal Genetics and Breeding Project Directorate on Cattle Indian Council of Agricultural Research Meerut India Animal Resource Development Department Pt. Nehru Complex Agartala India Department of Microbiology & Immunology Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU) Mathura India Department of Veterinary Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vi- gyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU) Mathura India Division of Pathology Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) Bareilly India Microbiology Laboratory Animal Health Division Central Institute for Research on Goats (CIRG) Mathura India National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases (NJIL and OMD) Agra India

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis causes chronic inflammation of the intestine known as Johne’s disease (JD) in domestic and wild ruminants including primates. MAP has also been associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) so called Crohn’s disease (CD) of human beings, which is incurable even after surgery. By virtue of the pasteurization resistant power, high endemicity of the infection in animals continues to be the permanent source of infection to human population. High bio-burden of MAP in wide range of biotic (animal hosts including human beings) and abiotic environment in each and every country where it has been investigated, serves a reminder about the survival abilities of the MAP in diverse range of environmental conditions. Ability of the MAP to evade immune system of the host and the temporal events during infection of the macro-phages, is an area of major concern and research activities as the pattern of distribution are quiet different from those of other pathogenic intracellular organisms. Moreover, the organism can survive over a wide range of environmental conditions such as high and low environmental temperatures, pasteurization, low pH, and high salt concentration etc. This superior survival efficiency from environmental degradation and dormancy within host allows the pathogen to be available for causing disease and pathogenicity in animals and human beings, when conditions are favorable. Perusal of literature reveal that, despite the availability of whole genome sequence of MAP, a very little is known about the replication, persistence and survival mechanisms of this pathogen. Therefore, this review tries to address the survival mechanisms of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in the different host species and adverse environmental conditions in order to allow designing of more rational diagnostic and control procedures.

关键词： Paratuberculosis Johne’s Disease Reservoir Disease Survival MAP Animal