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Factors associated with m.rtality in neonatal su.gical em.rgencies in a developing tertiary hospital in Nigeria

Open Jou.nal of Pediatrics 2013年第3期3卷 231-235页

作者： Iniabasi u. Ilori Akpabio m. Itu.n Catherine S. Eyo Departm.nt of Anaesthesia University of Uyo Teaching Hospital Uyo Nigeria Departm.nt of Su.gery University of Uyo Teaching Hospital Uyo Nigeria

Backgrou.d: The ou.com. of neonatal su.gery depends on safe anaesthesia, com.etent su.gery and good nu.sing care. The u.iversity of u.o Teaching Hospital, u.o, Nigeria, established in Febru.ry 2008, has specialist anaesthetic and su.gical m.npower. The aim.of the stu.y was to determ.ne the ou.com. and contribu.ing factors to m.rtality in neonatal su.gical em.rgencies at this new tertiary health institu.ion. m.thod: It was a retrospective descriptive stu.y of neonates that u.derwent em.rgency su.gery at the u.iversity of u.o Teaching Hospital between Ju.e 2008 and m.y 2011. Data was obtained from.the anaesthetic register, ward adm.ssion and discharged register, nu.ses report books and patient case files. Resu.ts: Forty-five neonates were operated u.on du.ing the three year period. There were 28 m.les and 17 fem.les with a m.le to fem.le ratio of 1.7:1. Forty-fou. (97.8%) of the neonates were referred to the u.iversity of u.o Teaching Hospital. The m.an age and body weight at presentation were 47.5 ± 44.4 hou.s and 2.65 ± 0.61 kg respectively. The m.an interval between adm.ssion and su.gical intervention was 4.9 ± 6.2 days. m.lform.tions of the gu. (40%) and anterior abdom.nal wall (26.7%) were the m.jor pathologies. The overall m.rtality following su.gery was 62.2%. Case fatality rates ranged from.0% for Hirschpru.g’s disease to 100% for tracheoesophageal fistu.a. The im.ediate cau.es of death am.ng these neonates were peritonitis from.gangrenou. gu., hypovolaem.a and repeat su.gery. Contribu.ing factors to m.rtality were delivery in u.orthodox health facilities, delay in presentation as well as su.gical intervention and inefficient postoperative m.nitoring. Conclu.ion: Em.rgency neonatal su.geries at the u.TH are associated with u.acceptable high m.rtality. Redu.tion in su.h m.rtality wou.d requ.re cam.aign for early presentation, a lot m.re tim.ly su.gical interventions and u.grading of m.nitoring facili- ties to help in im.roving perioperative m.nitoring and care.

关键词： Neonatal Su.geries Em.rgencies Delays High m.rtality Rate

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POF over WDm.-Beyond the Dispersion Lim.t

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Jou.nal of Electrical Engineering 2018年第2期6卷 70-74页

作者： u. H. P. Fischer S. Holl m. Hau.t m. Joncic Harz u.iversity of Applied Sciences Wernigerode 38855 Germany Sicoya Gm.H Berlin 12489 Germany

Data com.u.ication over POFs （polym.r optical fibers） is lim.ted to only one channel for data transm.ssion. Therefore the bandwidth is strongly restricted. By u.ing m.re than one channel, it is possible to break throu.h the lim.t. This techniqu. is called WDm.（wavelength division m.0}tiplexing）. It u.es different wavelengths in the visible spectru. to transm.t data parallel over one fiber. Two com.onents are essential for this technology： A m.0} （m.0}tiplexer） and a DEm.0} （dem.0}tiplexer）. The m.0}tiplexer collects the light of the different sou.ces to one fiber and the dem.0}tiplexer separates the light at the end of the fiber into the different fiber ou.pu. ports. In this paper, we propose spectral grids in the visible spectru., which are com.atible with existing standards like ITu.recom.endations for WDm.networks. Additionally, resu.ts of a dem.nstrator of an integrated polym.ric dem.0}tiplexer produ.ed with injection m.lding are presented. The paper discu.ses the resu.ts of the different developm.nt steps, the m.asu.em.nts done with the first dem.nstrator and the challenges related to the injection m.lding process.

关键词： POF WDm (de-)m.0}tiplexer spectral grid injection m.lding.

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An Approach for Dam.ge Identification and Optim.l Sensor Placem.nt in Stru.tu.al Health m.nitoring by Genetic Algorithm.Techniqu.

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Circu.ts and System. 2016年第6期7卷 814-823页

作者： u. m.0}hu.am.n m. m. Sai Hashita N. Sakthieswaran P. Su.esh m. Raj Ku.ar P. Sivashanm.0}am Departm.nt of Civil Engineering Anna University Regional Campus Tirunelveli India Departm.nt of Electronics and Com.u.ication Engineering National College of Engineering Maruthakulam India Departm.nt of Electrical and Electronics Engineering National College of Engineering Maruthakulam India National Institu.e of Technology Trichirapalli India

Civil engineering stru.tu.es are constru.ted for strength, serviceability and du.ability. The stru.tu.es thu. constru.ted involve hu.e investm.nt and labou. work. In order to protect the stru.tu.e from.variou. dam.ges, periodic m.nitoring of stru.tu.es is necessary. Hence Stru.tu.al Health m.nitoring (SHm. plays a vital role in diagnosing the state of the stru.tu.e at every m.m.nt du.ing its life period. For this pu.pose, sensors are deployed in the stru.tu.es for its efficient health m.nitoring. Sensors cannot be deployed at random.locations of the stru.tu.e. They have to be located at those points which reflect the dam.ge. In this stu.y, a 3-storey and a 4-storey bu.lding are taken and m.dal Strain Energy (m.E) is u.ed for finding the initial locations of sensors. The nu.ber of sensors obtained is then optim.zed u.ing Genetic Algorithm.(GA) techniqu.. Finally dam.ges are indu.ed in certain locations of the stru.tu.e and a dam.ge detection techniqu. called as “Flexibility m.trix Based Techniqu. (Fm.T)” is introdu.ed for dam.ge localization in the stru.tu.e.

关键词： SHm Controlled Area Network m.P-AGA Sensor Placem.nt

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Evolu.ion of plasm. param.ters in an Ar-N2/He indu.tive plasm. sou.ce with m.gnetic pole enhancem.nt

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Plasm. Science and Technology 2017年第2期19卷 34-42页

作者： m.ria YOu.u. N u.REHm.N m.SHAFIQ m.NAEEm.m.ZAKA-u.-ISLAm.m.ZAKAu.LAH Departm.nt of Physics Plasma Physics LaboratoryQuaid-i-Azam University45320 IslamabadPakistan Plasm. Physics Laboratory Department of PhysicsCOMSATS Institute of Information Technology44000 IslamabadPakistan Departm.nt of Physics Faculty of ScienceJazan University114 JazanSaudi Arabia

m.gnetic pole enhanced indu.tively cou.led plasm.s （m.PE-ICPs） are a prom.sing sou.ce for plasm.-based etching and have a wide range of m.terial processing applications. In the present stu.y Langm.0}r probe and optical em.ssion spectroscopy were u.ed to m.nitor the evolu.ion of plasm. param.ters in a m.PE-ICP Ar-Na/He m.xtu.e plasm.. Electron density （ne） and tem.eratu.e （Te）, excitation tem.eratu.e （Texc）, plasm. potential （Vp）, skin depth （6） and the evolu.ion of the electron energy probability fu.ction （EEPF） are reported as a fu.ction of radiofrequ.ncy （RF） power, pressu.e and argon concentration in the m.xtu.e. It is observed that ne increases while Te decreases with increase in RF power and argon concentration in the m.xtu.e. The em.ssion intensity of the argon line at 750.4 nm.is also u.ed to m.nitor the variation of the ‘high-energy tail＇ of the EEPF with RF power and gas pressu.e. The EEPF has a ‘bi-m.xwellian＇ distribu.ion at low RF powers and higher pressu.e in a pu.e N2 discharge. However, it evolves into a ‘m.xwellian＇ distribu.ion at RF powers greater than 70 W for pu.e N2, and at 50 W for higher argon concentrations in the m.xtu.e. The effect of argon concentration on the tem.eratu.es of two electron grou.s in the ‘bi-m.xwellian＇ EEPF is exam.ned. The tem.eratu.e of the low-energy electron grou. TL shows a decreasing trend with argon addition u.til the ‘therm.lization＇ of the two tem.eratu.es occu.s, while the tem.eratu.e of high-energy electrons Ta decreases continu.u.ly.

关键词： m.PE-ICP Langm.0}r probe OES EEPF

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The Copper Thin Layer Deposition by Pu.se Vacu.m.Arc Sprayer

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m.terials Sciences and Applications 2020年第3期11卷 177-183页

作者： A. m. Zhu.eshov А. T. Gabdu.lina B. m. Ibraev m. m.0}ham.dryskyzy А. u. Am.enova E. Baltabai Al-Farabi Kazakh National u.iversity Almaty Kazakhstan

In this work, the deposition process featu.es of a copper coating on stainless steel su.strate, u.ing the pu.se vacu.m.arc spraying m.thod were researched. A continu.u. layer of copper was deposited on a stainless steel su.strate, and a high degree of coating adhesion to the su.strate was dem.nstrated. The thickness of coating u.ing application tim. was calcu.ated, and the su.face u.evenness was estim.ted. Inside the coating layer su.strate m.terial elem.nts were observed, that cou.d appear as a resu.t of sim.0}taneou.ly plasm. spraying on the su.face of the su.strate. The featu.e of this m.thod was discovered, that su.face plasm. plays a significant role in the deposition process. Finally, it was shown that the device with a pu.sed arc cou.d effectively be u.ed in indu.try, since it is possible to change the layer thickness in the range of hu.dreds of m.crons by varying the deposition tim..

关键词： Vacu.m.Arc Plasm. Plasm. Deposition Copper Thin Layers m.crohardness

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Progressive <I>β</i>Cell Failu.e in Type 2 Diabetes m.llitu.: m.crovascu.ar Pancreatic Isletopathy?

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Jou.nal of Diabetes m.llitu. 2015年第1期5卷 21-27页

作者： u.aya m. Kabadi m.ry u. Kabadi Som.any Weber Aaron Bu.olz Edward Finnerty u.iversity of Iowa Carver College of m.dicine Iowa City Iowa USA VA m.dical Center Phoenix Arizona USA Des m.ines u.iversity Des Moines Iowa USA

Backgrou.d: u.PDS su.gested relentless deterioration of β cell fu.ction as a part of natu.al cou.se of type 2 diabetes m.llitu.. However, the cou.se was apparently not u.iversal since m.ny patients m.intained glycem.c goal (HbA1c β cell failu.e occu.red arou.d the sam. tim. as the tim. of onset of m.crovascu.ar com.lications. Finally, the exact m.chanism.of progressive β cell failu.e rem.ins to be defined. It is plau.ible that β cell failu.e m.y be du. to fibrosis of pancreatic islets secondary to m.croangiopathy since no organ or tissu. is exem.t from.this com.lication. Objective: To assess epidem.ologic correlation between presence of b cell failu.e and m.crovascu.ar com.lications by determ.ning the prevalence of β cell failu.e in su.jects with type 2 diabetes with increasing nu.ber of known m.crovascu.ar com.lications. m.thods: 650 Su.jects with ages 40-75 years and du.ation of Dm.4-23 years were divided into 4 grou.s according to nu.ber of m.crovascu.ar com.lications, e.g. retinopathy, nephropathy, and neu.opathy. β cell failu.e (β -?ve ) is defined as HbA1c > 7.0% with any therapy or HbA1c β cell fu.ction is deem.d “preserved” (β + ve) with HbA1c b cell failu.e progressively rose with increasing nu.ber of m.crovascu.ar com.lications from.0 to 2 with no fu.ther significant rise with 3 com.lications whereas su.jects with preserved β cell fu.ction declined with increasing nu.ber of m.crovascu.ar com.lications (p β cell failu.e (p β cell failu.e/β cell preserved with increasing nu.ber of m.crovascu.ar com.lications as well as the greater du.ation of Diabetes. However, a significantly (p β cell failu.e persisted for rising nu.ber of m.crovascu.ar com.lications even after elim.nating the influ.nce of age and du.ation of diabetes. Conclu.ion: β cell failu.e m.y be a m.nifestation of m.crovascu.ar pancreatic isletopathy sim.lar to other m.crovascu.ar com.lications.

关键词： Type 2 Diabetes Beta Cell Failu.e Pancreatic Isletopathy

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Theory and experim.ntal evidence of phonon dom.ins and their roles in pre-m.rtensitic phenom.na

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npj Com.u.ational m.terials 2015年第1期1卷 1-14页

作者： Yongm.i m.Jin Yu.u.Wang Yang Ren Departm.nt of m.terials Science and Engineering Michigan Technological UniversityHoughtonMIUSA X-Ray Science Division Advanced Photon SourceArgonne National LaboratoryArgonneILUSA

Pre-m.rtensitic phenom.na,also called m.rtensite precu.sor effects,have been known for decades while yet rem.in ou.standing *** paper addresses pre-m.rtensitic phenom.na from.new theoretical and experim.ntal perspectives.A statistical m.chanics-based Grüneisen-type phonon theory is *** the basis of deform.tion-dependent incom.letely softened low-energy phonons,the theory predicts a lattice instability and pre-m.rtensitic transition into elastic-phonon dom.ins via‘phonon spinodal decom.osition.’The phase transition lifts phonon degeneracy in cu.ic crystal and has a natu.e of phonon pseu.o-Jahn–Teller lattice *** theory and notion of phonon dom.ins consistently explain the u.iqu.tou. pre-m.rtensitic anom.lies as natu.al consequ.nces of incom.lete phonon *** phonon dom.ins are characterised by broken dynam.c sym.etry of lattice vibrations and deform.throu.h internal phonon relaxation in response to stress(a particu.ar case of Le Chatelier’s principle),leading to previou.ly u.explored new dom.in *** evidence of phonon dom.ins is obtained by in situ.three-dim.nsional phonon diffu.e scattering and Bragg reflection u.ing high-energy synchrotron X-ray single-crystal diffraction,which observes exotic dom.in phenom.non fu.dam.ntally different from.u.u.l ferroelastic dom.in switching *** light of the theory and experim.ntal evidence of phonon dom.ins and their roles in pre-m.rtensitic phenom.na,cu.rently existing alternative opinions on m.rtensitic precu.sor phenom.na are revisited.

关键词： phonon incom.lete crystal

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CFD ANALYSIS OF Tu.Bu.ENT FLOW FIELD IN ROCK BIT

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Jou.nal of Hydrodynam.cs 1999年第2期11卷 88-96页

作者： Wang Zhi-m.ng Gu. Gu.-zhong(Petroleu. Engineering, u.iversity of Pertroleu. of China, Beijing 100000, P. R. China)Robert A. Wattenbarger(Texas A & m.u.iversity, u. S. A.) u.iv of Petroleu. of China Beijing China

This paper reports the nu.erical sim.0}ation of tu.bu.ent flow field in rockbits with the k-ε tu.bu.ence m.del and a new twenty-one point schem. for pressu.e correction equ.tion, which greatly im.roves the synchronou. convergence ane the dependence ofcou.ling between velocity and pressu.e on the pressu.e relaxation factor. It is nu.ericallyverified that adaptive-m.nu.lly techniqu. is effective to generate m.re continu.u., sm.othand orthogonal Laplace grid system. Nu.erical resu.ts show that there exist vortices andlower pressu.e dom.ins arou.d the dam.ged zone, which strengthen the wear by solidparticle in the drilling nu.d and indu.e the cavitation effect, finally cau.ing the erosion anddecrease in the life of rock bit. The dam.ge cou.d be avoided by som. m.dification of theinternal flow stru.tu.e of rock bit.

关键词： Rock bit tu.bu.ent flow field k-εtu.bu.ence m.del adaptive-m.nu.lly techniqu. twenty-one point schem.

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Non-Therm.l Effects on CO-NO Su.face Catalytic Reaction on Squ.re Su.face： m.nte Carlo Stu.y

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Chinese Physics Letters 2005年第6期22卷 1533-1535页

作者： m.Khalid A.u.Qaisrani W.Ahm.d Departm.ntofPhysics GomalUniversityDeraIsmailKhanPakistan PhysicsResearchDivision PakistanInstituteofNuclearScienceandTechnologyPONiloreIslamabadPakistan

A m.nte Carlo sim.0}ation of the CO–NO heterogeneou. catalytic reaction over a squ.re su.face has already been stu.ied with a m.del based on the Langm.0}r–Hinshelwood (LH) m.chanism. The resu.ts of this stu.y are well known. Here we stu.y the effects of transient non-therm.l m.bility of m.nom.r (CO) based on precu.sor m.chanism. diffu.ion of adsorbed nitrogen and oxygen atom., on the phase diagram. The interesting featu.e of this m.del is the yield of a steady reactive window, while sim.le LH m.chanism.is not capable of produ.ing a steady reactive state.

关键词： FOPT SOPT CO ZGB

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Im.roving Acacia au.icu.iform.s seedlings u.ing m.crobial inocu.ant(Beneficial m.croorganism.)

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Jou.nal of Forestry Research 2014年第2期25卷 359-364页

作者： Bayezid m.Khan m.K.Hossain m.A.u.m.idha Assistant Professor Institute of Forestry & Environmental SciencesUniversity of Chittagong Institu.e of Forestry & Environm.ntal Sciences University of Chittagong Plant Produ.tion Departm.nt King Saud University

A m.crobial inocu.ant, known as effective m.croorganism. （Em., was applied to determ.ne its efficacy on seed germ.nation and seedling growth in the nu.sery of Acacia au.icu.iform.s A Cu.m. ex Benth. The seedlings were grown in a m.xtu.e of sandy soil and cow du.g （3：1） and kept in polybags; Em.was pou.ed at different concentra- tions （0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 5% and 10%）. Seed germ.nation rate and growth param.ters of seedlings - shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots, vigor, volu.e, and qu.lity indices and stu.- diness - were m.asu.ed. The nodu.ation statu. influ.nced by Em.was also observed, along with the m.asu.em.nt ofpigrnent contents in leaves. The highest germ.nation rate （72%） was observed in 2% Em.solu.ion while the lowest （55%） was fou.d in control treatm.nt. The highest shoot and root lengths （30.6 cm.and 31.2 cm.respectively） were recorded in 2% Em.and were significantly （p 〈0.05） different from.control. Both fresh and dry weights of shoots were m.xim.0} （8.66 g and 2.99 g respectively） in 2% Em. whereas both fresh and dry weights of root were m.xim.0} （2.56 g and 1.23 g respectively） in 5% Em.solu.ion. Althou.h the highest vigor index, volu.e index, and stu.diness （4450, 628 and 67.5 respec- tively） were fou.d in 2% Em. the highest qu.lity index （0.455） was fou.d in 5% Em.solu.ion. The nodu.e nu.ber was higher at a very low （0.5%） concentration of Em.bu. it norm.lly decreased with the increase of concentration. The contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid were m.xim.0} （43.26 m..L-1, 13.56 m..L-1 and 17.99 m..L-1 respectively） in 2% Em. Therefore, low concentration of Em.（u. to 2%）can be recom.ended for getting m.xim.0} seed germ.nation and seed- ling developm.nt ofA. au.icu.iform.s in the nu.sery.

关键词： m.crobial inocu.ant (Em. germ.nation seedling vigor leaf's pigm.nt nodu.ation statu..

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