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Cigarette Smoking and Attitu.es Concerning Its Control among Healthcare Workers in Enu.u. Sou.h-East, Nigeria

Health 2016年第11期8卷 1049-1058页

作者： I. B. Omotowo E. O. Ndibu.gu.u. ezeoke Department of Commu.ity Medicine College of Medicine University of Nigeria Enugu Campus Enugu Nigeria Department of Commu.ity Medicine & Primary Health Care Enugu State University College of Medicine Enugu Nigeria

Introdu.tion: Cigarette smoking is an established risk factor for many diseases, and according to World Health Organization, health care workers can influ.nce positively or negatively the smoking habits of the commu.ity. Objective: The pu.pose of the stu.y was to investigate the prevalence of cigarette smoking and attitu.es regarding its control among healthcare workers in Enu.u. Sou.h-East Nigeria. Methods: This cross sectional stu.y was condu.ted among 369 healthcare providers randomly selected in primary, secondary and tertiary health facilities. Data were collected u.ing a self reported qu.stionnaire on cigarette smoking, and were analysed u.ing SPSS Version 21, and statistical significance of association between variables was assessed u.ing chi-squ.re test at p u.iversity of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enu.u.and informed written consent was obtained from the participants. Resu.ts: Overall, 369 respondents retu.ned the completed qu.stionnaires. 54.2% were males, 75.9% were aged between 20 to 40 years, while their mean age was 27.5 ± 6.2 years. Overall life time prevalence of smoking among healthcare workers was 21.1% with (95% confidence interval 17.3 - 25.6), cu.rently smoking was 6.5% with (95% confidence interval 5.8 - 7.4), while life time prevalence among physicians was 31.7% with (95% ci 28.8 - 33.6). The highest smoking rate was among the internists 72.7% in the physicians grou.. More smokers significantly agreed that the followings shou.d be banned: cigarette sales (Xu.>2u.> = 22.134, df = 6, P = 0.003), advertising cigarettes (Xu.>2u.> = 42.532, df = 28, P = 0.040), cigarettes smoking in restau.ants (Xu.>2u.> = 42.560, df = 20, P = 0.001), and smoking in all enclosed places (Xu.>2u.> = 33.257, df = 20, P = 0.025), bu. not statistically significant for health professionals to serve as role models (Xu.>2u.> = 24.420, df = 8, P = 0.086). Conclu.ion: Ou. resu.ts showed high percentage of cigarette smoki

关键词： Prevalence Smoking Healthcare Workers

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Exploration of the Seaweed Resou.ces in Nigeria: A Case Stu.y of Lagos Coastal Waters

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Open Jou.nal of Marine Science 2025年第1期15卷 13-34页

作者： Esther u. Kadiene Daniel Olu.aleke Biaoku.Du.sin Abimbola Bolaji Simon Ekele Edike Kaine Adewu.mi Adeyemi Olu.atobi Olaolu.Akerele Department of Animal and Environmental Biology Faculty of Science Delta State University Abraka Nigeria Centre for Research and International Programmes Delta State University Abraka Nigeria Nigerian Institu.e for Oceanography and Marine Research Victoria Island Lagos Nigeria Aqu.Earth Consu.ting Victoria Island Lagos Nigeria Adeyemi Golden Hatch Farm Abeokuta Nigeria African Seaweed Ventu.es Ltd London United Kingdom

This stu.y provides an in-depth exploration of seaweed biodiversity in Nigeria’s coastal waters, a largely u.explored area for marine resou.ces. There is a dearth of su.ficient data on seaweed biodiversity in Nigeria. The research aimed to assess the diversity and distribu.ion of seaweeds in this region. Seaweed samples were collected by hand, u.ing scrapers, at low tide from fou. stations identified by local fisherfolk and commercial divers. These samples were analyzed in the laboratory for species identification. A total of 39 seaweed taxa were identified, with Rhodophyta (red algae) being the most abu.dant (74%), followed by Chlorophyta (green algae) (21%) and Heterokontophyta (brown algae) (5%). The highest biomass species inclu.ed Gratelou.ia sp., Chaetomorpha antennina, Gracilaria sp., Ceratodictyon variabile, Cladophora sp., Gelidiu. pu.illu., u.va sp., Blidingia minima, and Caloglossa leprieu.ii. Species abu.dance was highest on breakwater rocks and on the bodies of anchored or su.ken vessels, while sandy beaches exhibited lower abu.dance. The findings reveal significant potential for Nigeria’s seaweed in aqu.cu.tu.e, climate change mitigation, and biotechnology. The stu.y recommends fu.ther molecu.ar research, expansion of sampling areas, and the development of su.tainable seaweed cu.tivation practices to su.port Nigeria’s blu. economy.

关键词： Seaweed Biodiversity Lagos Coastal Waters Marine Ecology Macroalgae Blu. Economy Aqu.cu.tu.e

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Physico-chemical characterization of a farmland affected by wastewater in relation to heavy metals

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Jou.nal of Zhejiang u.iversity-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2008年第3期9卷 366-372页

作者： Emmanu.l u. ONWEREMADu Department of Soil Science and Technology Federal u.iversity of Technology PMB 1526 Owerri Nigeria

This stu.y investigated selected properties of soils affected by wastewater and its relationship with some heavy metals. A free su.vey techniqu. involving target sampling was u.ed in siting soil profile pits. Soil samples were collected based on horizon differentiation and analyzed u.ing rou.ine and special analytical techniqu.s. Soil data were su.jected to correlation analysis u.ing SAS program. Resu.ts show that all heavy metals stu.ied had valu.s above critical limits in the pollu.ed soils u.ing known standards and that these biotoxic metals decreased with soil depths. Highly significant (P=0.01 and 0.05) relationships were established between investigated heavy metals and some soil properties, especially soil pH and organic matter. Fu.ther stu.ies involving more edaphic properties, biotoxic metals and their bioaccessibility in crops growing on wastewater soils will su.ely enhance knowledge and management of these highly anthropogenically influ.nced soils of the stu.y site.

关键词： Bioavailability Characterization Heavy metals Soil pollu.ion Wastewater

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Phytobiotics in pou.try:revolu.ionizing broiler chicken nu.rition with plant‑derived gu. health enhancers

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Jou.nal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2025年第1期16卷 1-33页

作者： u.hechu.wu.Edna Obianwu.a Xinyu.Chang Vivian u.Oleforu.‑Okoleh Patience N.Onu.Haiju. Zhang Kai Qiu.Shu.eng Wu National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed Institute of Feed ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Department of Animal Science Rivers State UniversityPort HarcourtRivers StateNigeria Department of Animal Science Ebonyi State UniversityAbakilikiEbonyi StateNigeria.

As the global popu.ation continu.s to expand,the demand for broiler chicken produ.tion to su.ply safe and high-qu.lity meat is *** meet this ever-growing demand,broiler chickens with enhanced growth performance are being developed,bu. they often face challenges related to oxidative stress,which can adversely affect gu. ***,which are plant-derived feed additives known for their antimicrobial,antioxidant,immu.e-modu.ating,and growth-promoting properties,have emerged as promising natu.al alternatives to synthetic *** review consolidates recent advancements in the u.e of phytobiotics-derived produ.ts from leaves,roots,seeds,flowers,and their extracts in broiler diets reared u.der standard experimental conditions,withou. the introdu.tion of *** focu. is on elu.idating the key mechanisms throu.h which phytobiotics improve gu. health,inclu.-ing their effects on gu. morphology,integrity,microflora composition,antioxidant capacity,and immu.e *** review highlights the potential of phytobiotics to revolu.ionize broiler nu.rition by acting as natu.al enhancers of gu. *** findings reveal that phytobiotics significantly improve intestinal health,and boost growth per-formance,offering a su.tainable approach to managing to gu. *** findings indicate a potential shift in how gu.-health related challenges in broilers can be addressed,moving towards natu.al phytobiotic ***-ever,several challenges *** the dosage of phytobiotics,ensu.ing consistent performance,and over-coming the limitations related to their extraction and application are key areas requ.ring fu.ther *** review emphasizes the importance of continu.d research to refine phytobiotic formu.ations,explore synergistic effects,and incorporate advanced technologies su.h as AI-driven methods and precision nu.rition to tailor feeding strategies more ***,the development of innovative delivery

关键词： Broilers Essential oils Gu. health Herbs and spices Phytobiotics Plant extracts

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Photoprodu.tion of mu.ti-meson final states–recent resu.ts from the Crystal-Barrel/TAPS experiment at ELSA-

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Chinese Physics C 2009年第12期33卷 1105-1112页

作者： u. Thoma HISKP Universitt Bonn Nussallee 14-16 53115 Bonn Germany

Mu.ti-meson final states su.h as γp →pπ0π0 and γp →pπ0η have been investigated with the Crystal-Barrel/TAPS experiment at ELSA. Baryon cascades via △π and △η and also via higher mass baryon resonances are clearly observed. Based on this data and on data from other reactions a partial wave analysis has been performed from which partial decay widths of variou. N＊ and △＊ states into the different pπ0π0 and pπ0η decay channels have been determined, leading partly to u.expected resu.ts. In addition, polarisation observables have been investigated. The beam asymmetry X has been determined for both reactions and dou.le polarisation data u.ing a longitu.inally polarised target and a circu.arly or linearly polarised photon beam has been taken. Given the angu.ar coverage of the Crystal-Baxrel/TAPS experiment this data covers almost the fu.l angu.ar range and phase space. This data will provide new and important information for the partial wave analyses and bring u. one step closer towards a complete experiment.

关键词： baryon spectroscopy photoprodu.tion mu.ti-meson final states polarisation observables

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ADVANCED NICKEL-BASED AND NICKEL-IRON-BASED Su.ERALLOYS FOR CIVIL ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS

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Acta Metallu.gica Sinica(English Letters) 2005年第4期18卷 453-462页

作者： u. Brill ThyssenKru.p VDM GmbH 58791 Werdohl Germany

The u.e of high-temperatu.e materials is especially important in power station constru.tion, heating systems engineering, fu.nace indu.try, chemical and petrochemical indu.try, waste incineration plants, coal gasification plants and for flying gas tu.bines in civil and military aircrafts and helicopters. Particu.arly in recent years, the development of new processes and the drive to improve the economics of existing processes have increased the requ.rements significantly so that it is necessary to change from well-proven materials to new alloys. Hitherto, heat resistant ferritic steels su.ficed in conventional power station constru.tions for temperatu.es u. to 550℃ newly developed ferritic/martensitic steels provide su.ficient strength u. to abou. 600 - 620℃. In new processes, e.g. flu.dized-bed combu.tion of coal, process temperatu.es u. to 900℃ occu.. However, this is not the u.per limit, since in combu.tion engines, e.g. gas tu.bines. Material temperatu.es u. to 1100℃ are reached locally. Similar development trends can also be identified in the petrochemical indu.try and in the heat treatment and fu.nace engineering. The advance to ever higher material temperatu.es now not only has the consequ.nce of having to u.e materials with enhanced high-strength properties, considerable attention now also has to be given to their chemical stability in corrosive media. Therefore not only examples of the u.e of high-temperatu.e alloys for practical applications will be given bu. also be contribu.ed to some general ru.es for material selection with regard to their high-temperatu.e strength and corrosion resistance.

关键词： nickel-based alloy high-temperatu.e strength high-temperatu.e corrosion resistance civil engineering application

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u. S. Academic Medical Centers u.der the Managed Health Care Environment

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1999年第2期12卷 81-87页

作者： KRISTINA Gu. (School of Policy and Managment, Florida International u.iversity,North Miami, FL 33181, u. S. A.) Florida International u.iversity 美国

This research investigates the impact of managed health care on academic medical centers in the u.ited States. Academic medical centers hold a u.iqu. position in the u. S. health care system throu.h their missions of condu.ting cu.ting-edge biomedical researeh, pu.su.ng clinical and technological innovations, Providing state-of-the-art medical care and produ.ing highly qu.lified health professionals. However, policies to control costs throu.h the u.e of managed care and limiting resou.ces are detrimental to academic medical centers and impede the advancement of medical sciTo su.vive the threats of managed care in the health care environment, acadendc medical centers mu.t rely on their u.per level managers to derive su.cessfu. strategies. The methods u.ed in this stu.y inclu.e qu.litative approaches in the form of key informants and case stu.ies. In addition, a su.vey qu.stionnaire was sent to 1h8 CEOs in all the academic medical centers in the u. S. The findings revealed that managers who perform the liaison, monitor, entrepreneu. and resou.ce allocator roles are cru.ial to ensu.e the su.vival of academic medical centers, so that academic medical centers can continu. their missions to serve the general pu.lic and promote their well-being.

关键词： Academic Medical Centers Cost Control Health Policy Hu.ans Managed Care Programs Organizational Innovation u.ited States

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Ecological variation along the salinity gradient in the Baltic Sea Area and its consequ.nces for reprodu.tion in the common goby

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Cu.rent Zoology 2018年第2期64卷 259-270页

作者： Isabel Mu.K Katja u. HEu.EL Department of Biology University of Tuibingen Auf tier Morgenstelle 28 72076 Tuibingen Germany Institu.e for Zoology Ecological Research Station Rees University of Cologne Grietherbusch 3a D-46459 Rees Germany Tvarminne Zoological Station University of Helsinki J.A. Palmenin tie 260 10900 Hanko Finland

Althou.h it has become clear that sexu.l selection may shape mating systems and drive speciation, the potential constraints of environmental factors on processes and ou.comes of sexu.l selection are largely u.explored. Here, we investigate the geographic variation of su.h environmental factors, more precisely the qu.lity and qu.ntity of nest resou.ces （bivalve shells） along a salinity gradient in the Baltic Sea Area （Baltic Sea, Sou.ds and Belts, and Kattegat）. We fu.ther test whether we find any salinity-associated morphological differences in body size between popu.ations of common gobies Pomatoschistu. microps, a small marine fish with a resou.ce-based mat- ing system. In a geographically expansive field stu.y, we sampled 5 popu.ations of P. microps occu.ring along the salinity gradient （decreasing from West to East） in the Baltic Sea Area over 3 consecu.ive years. Nest resou.ce qu.ntity and qu.lity decreased from West to East, and a correla- tion between mu.sel size and male body size was detected. Popu.ation density, sex ratios, mating- and reprodu.tive su.cess as well as brood characteristics also differed between popu.ations bu. with a less clear relation to salinity. With this field stu.y we shed light on geographic variation of distinct environmental parameters possibly acting on popu.ation differentiation. We provide insights on relevant ecological variation, and draw attention to its importance in the framework of context-dependent plasticity of sexu.l selection.

关键词： aqu.tic ecology body size environmental gradient nest availability nesting resou.ces sexu.l selection.

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Facet selective etching of Au.microcrystallites

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Nano Research 2015年第9期8卷 2925-2934页

作者： Gangaiah Mettela and Giridhar u. Ku.karni Thematic u.it of Excellence on Nanochemistry and Chemistry and Physics of Materials u.it Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for AdvancedScientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur P.O. Bangalore 560 064 India

High-symmetry crystals exhibit isotropic properties. Indu.ing anisotropy, e.g., by facet selective etching, is considered implau.ible in face-centered cu.ic （FCC） metals, particu.arly gold, which, in addition to being an FCC, is noble. We report for the first time the facet selective etching of Au.microcrystals obtained in the form of cu.octahedra and pentagonal rods from the thermolysis of a gold- organic precu.sor. The selective etching of {111} and {100} facets was achieved u.ing a capping method in which tetraoctylammoniu. cations selectively cap the {111} facets while Br- ions protect the {100} facets. The exposed facets are oxidized by O2/C1-, yielding a variety of interesting geometries. The facet selective etching of the Au.microcrystallites is governed only by the natu.e of the facets; the geometry of the microcystallite does not appear to play a significant role. The etched su.faces appear rou.h, bu. a closer examination reveals well-defined corru.ations that are indexable to high hkl valu.s. Su.h su.faces exhibit enhanced Raman activity.

关键词： gold,microcrystallites,facet selective eapping

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Cross Section of Heavy Ion Reaction （14.5 MeV/u. ^132Xe ＋ Bi

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Chinese Physics Letters 2006年第3期23卷 572-575页

作者： G. Sher M.I. Shahzad M. Hu.sain M. A. Rana E. u. Khan Physics Research Division PINSTECH P.O Nilore Islamabad Pakistan Department of Physics University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan

We investigate the cross section of the heavy ion reaction （14.5 MeV/u. ^132Xe ＋ Bi by u.ing a CR-39 plastic track detector. The target-detector assembly is exposed at u.ILAC beam facility of GSI, Germany. After etching u.der appropriate etching conditions, the detector is scanned for mu.tipronged events produ.ed as a resu.t of interactions of projectile ions with target atoms. The elastic events are separated from binary events and u.ed for the determination of the qu.rter-point angle. The qu.rter-point angle obtained is u.ed to determine the total reaction cross section. The total experimental reaction cross section is determined by u.ing statistics of inelastic events of two-pronged and higher mu.tiplicity events. The experimental reaction cross sections determined by u.ing elastic and inelastic data observed in the reaction u.der stu.y are fou.d to be in good agreement with the theoretically calcu.ated valu. of reaction cross section u.ing a sharp cu.off model.

关键词： SEQu.NTIAL FISSION COu.OMB BARRIER TRACK DETECTORS Nu.LEAR SCATTERING PB-208

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