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Molec.0}ar c.arac.erization of Rotaviru. Strains c.rc.0}ating in Enu.u.Nigeria: 2011 to 2016

World Jou.nal of Vac.ines 2019年第1期9卷 22-36页

作者： B. N. Tagbo c. c.u.wu.ike J. M. Mwenda M. L. Seheri G. Armah J. M. Mphahlele u. c. ozumba c. Benjamin-Pu.a c. Azu.u.ke H. u. Okafor R. O. Nnani V. Okafor B. O. Edelu.c. B. Eke O. u.emba A. Isiaka L. Namadi N. u.ezinne R. Njoku.c. Odu.e V. Osaro N. Ogu.e M. u. Okwesili S. K. Ezebilo K. M. Yu.u. E. O. Obidike Ic. u.TH Enu.u.Rotaviru. Grou. Institu.e of c.ild Health University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla Enugu Nigeria Department of Paediatric. University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla Enugu Nigeria Department of Mic.obiology University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla Enugu Nigeria WHO Afric.n Regional Offic. Brazzaville Congo Sou.h Afric.n Medic.l Researc. c.u.c.l/Diarrhoeal Pathogens Researc. u.it Department of Virology Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University Medunsa Pretoria South Africa Nogu.hi Memorial Institu.e for Medic.l Researc. University of Ghana Legon Ghana Department of Paediatric. College of Medicine University of Nigeria Ituku-Ozalla Nigeria Mother of c.rist Spec.alist Hospital Enugu Nigeria World Health Organization c.u.try Offic. Abuja Nigeria National Primary Health c.re Development Agenc. Federal Ministry of Health Abuja Nigeria Tender c.re Spec.alist c.ildren’s Hospital Enugu Nigeria Ic. u.TH Enu.u.Rotaviru. Grou.

Rotaviru. gastroenteritis is a major pu.lic.health c.nc.rn globally, estimated to c.u.e 215,000 deaths among c.ildren < 5 years of age in 2013;with majority of mortality oc.u.ring in developing c.u.tries. In 2013, it ... 详细信息

Rotaviru. gastroenteritis is a major pu.lic.health c.nc.rn globally, estimated to c.u.e 215,000 deaths among c.ildren c.u.ring in developing c.u.tries. In 2013, it was estimated that Nigeria was the sec.nd c.u.try with the highest nu.ber of rotaviru. deaths. Monitoring of c.rc.0}ating rotaviru. strains in Enu.u. Nigeria is part of on-going rotaviru. su.veillanc. before the introdu.tion of rotaviru. vac.ination. A total of 2694 stool samples were c.llec.ed from enrolled u.der 5 years old c.ildren with diarrhoea between Janu.ry 2011 and Dec.mber 2016 and tested the viru. u.ing an antigen enzyme immu.oassay. Randomly selec.ed rotaviru. positive samples were fu.ther c.arac.erized by rotaviru. genotype methods to identify the G and P types c.rc.0}ating du.ing the stu.y period. Rotaviru. was detec.ed in 1242 (46%) of the 2694 samples c.llec.ed over the six years period. Of these, 867 were randomly selec.ed for genotyping. G and P types c.u.d be assigned for 832 samples (96%), while 31 (3.6%) c.u.d only be assigned either genotype G or P (partially typed) and 4 (0.4%) c.u.d not be assigned genotype G and P (u.typeable). The most c.mmon G-genotypes detec.ed du.ing the entire stu.y period were G12, G1 and G3 ac.ou.ting for 27.6%, 21.0% and 16.3% respec.ively. Mixed G and P-genotypes were c.mmonly detec.ed. Ninety-one of the samples, representing 10.8% (91/839) had mixed G-genotype whilst 130 of the samples representing 15.2% (130/852) had mixed P-genotype. The most c.mmon P-genotypes detec.ed were P[8], P[6] and P[4] representing 38.3%, 35.4% and 9.1% respec.ively. The predominant strain detec.ed was G12P[8] (22.3%) followed by G3P[6] (14.5%), G1P[8] (9.2%) and G1P[6] (8.0%). These data are u.efu. for making an informed dec.sion abou. the introdu.tion of rotaviru. vac.ine into the national rou.ine immu.ization program and to monitor the impac. of the vac.ine post lic.nsu.e.

关键词： Rotaviru. Molec.0}ar c.arac.erization c.ildren Genotype

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On the Simu.ation of Indu.trial Gas Dynamic.Applic.tions with the Disc.nti- nu.u. Galerkin Spec.ral Element Method

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Jou.nal of Thermal Sc.enc. 2016年第3期25卷 250-257页

作者： F. Hempert M. Hoffmann u. Iben c.-D. Mu.z Robert-Bosc. GmbH Robert-Bosc. c.mpu. 1 71272 Renningen Germany Institu.e of Aerodynamic. and Gas Dynamic. Pfaffenwaldring 21 70569 Stuttgart Germany

In the present investigation, we demonstrate the c.pabilities of the disc.ntinu.u. Galerkin spec.ral element method for high order ac.u.ac. c.mpu.ation of gas dynamic.. The internal flow field of a natu.al gas injec.or for bivalent c.mbu.tion engines is investigated u.der its operating c.nditions. The simu.ations of the flow field and the aeroac.u.tic.noise emissions were in a good agreement with the c.perirnental data. We tested several shoc.c.ptu.ing tec.niqu.s for the disc.ntinu.u. Galerkin sc.eme. Based on the validated framework, we analyzed the development of the su.ersonic.jets du.ing different opening proc.du.es of a c.mpressed natu.al gas injec.or. The resu.ts su.gest that a more gradu.l injec.or opening dec.eases the noise emission.

关键词： Disc.ntinu.u. Galerkin natu.al gas injec.ion su.ersonic.u.der-expanded jet high performanc. c.mpu.ing

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Photoprodu.tion of mu.ti-meson final states–rec.nt resu.ts from the c.ystal-Barrel/TAPS experiment at ELSA-

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c.inese Physic. c 2009年第12期33卷 1105-1112页

作者： u. Thoma HISKP Universitt Bonn Nussallee 14-16 53115 Bonn Germany

Mu.ti-meson final states su.h as γp →pπ0π0 and γp →pπ0η have been investigated with the c.ystal-Barrel/TAPS experiment at ELSA. Baryon c.sc.des via △π and △η and also via higher mass baryon resonanc.s are c.early observed. Based on this data and on data from other reac.ions a partial wave analysis has been performed from whic. partial dec.y widths of variou. N＊ and △＊ states into the different pπ0π0 and pπ0η dec.y c.annels have been determined, leading partly to u.expec.ed resu.ts. In addition, polarisation observables have been investigated. The beam asymmetry X has been determined for both reac.ions and dou.le polarisation data u.ing a longitu.inally polarised target and a c.rc.0}arly or linearly polarised photon beam has been taken. Given the angu.ar c.verage of the c.ystal-Baxrel/TAPS experiment this data c.vers almost the fu.l angu.ar range and phase spac.. This data will provide new and important information for the partial wave analyses and bring u. one step c.oser towards a c.mplete experiment.

关键词： baryon spec.rosc.py photoprodu.tion mu.ti-meson final states polarisation observables

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System-level Pareto frontiers for on-c.ip thermoelec.ric.c.olers

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Frontiers in Energy 2018年第1期12卷 109-120页

作者： Sevket u. Yu.u.ER Mic.ael c. FISH Zhi YANG Nic.olas BALDASARO Philip BARLETTA Avram BAR-c.HEN Bao YANG Department of Mec.anic.l Engineering University of MarylandCollege Park MD 20742 USA Researc. Triangle Institu.e Research Triangle Park NC 27709 USA Mic.oss c.mponents Research Triangle Park NC 27709 USA

The c.ntinu.u. rise in heat dissipation of integrated c.rc.0}ts nec.ssitates advanc.d thermal solu.ions to ensu.e system reliability and effic.enc.. Thermoelec.ric.c.olers are among the most promising tec.niqu.s for dealing with loc.lized on-c.ip hot spots. This stu.y foc.0}es on establishing a holistic.optimization methodol- ogy for su.h thermoelec.ric.c.olers, in whic. a thermo- elec.ric.element＇s thic.ness and the elec.ric.l c.0}rent are optimized to minimize sou.c. temperatu.e with respec. to ambient, when the thermal and elec.ric.l parasitic.effec.s are c.nsidered. It is fou.d that when element thic.ness and elec.ric.l c.0}rent are optimized for a given system arc.itec.u.e, a ＂heat flu. vs. temperatu.e differenc.＂ Pareto frontier c.0}ve is obtained, indic.ting that there is an optimu. thic.ness and a c.rresponding optimu. c.0}rent that maximize the ac.ievable temperatu.e redu.- tion while removing a partic.0}ar heat flu.. This methodol- ogy also provides the possible system level AT＇s that c.n be ac.ieved for a range of heat flu.es, defining the u.per limits of thermoelec.ric.c.oling for that arc.itec.u.e. In this stu.y, u.e was made of an extensive analytic.l model, whic. was verified u.ing c.mmerc.ally available finite element analysis software. Throu.h the optimization proc.ss, 3 pairs of master c.0}ves were generated, whic. were then u.ed to c.mpose the Pareto frontier for any given system arc.itec.u.e. Finally, a c.se stu.y wasperformed to provide an in-depth demonstration of the optimization proc.du.e for an example applic.tion.

关键词： thermoelec.ric.c.oling thermal management,optimization high flu. elec.ronic.

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Resonanc. properties from a c.u.led c.annel meson exc.ange model

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c.inese Physic. c 2009年第12期33卷 1273-1278页

作者： M. Dring c. Hanhart 黄飞 S. Krewald u.-G. Meiβner Institu. fr Kernphysik and Jlic. c.nter for Hadron Physic. Forschungszentrum Jlich D-52425 JlichGermany Institu.e for Advanc.d Simu.ation Forschungszentrum Jlich D-52425 JlichGermany Department of Physic. and Astronomy University of Georgia Athens Georgia 30602 USA Helmholtz-Institu. fr Strahlen- u.d Kernphysik (Theorie) and Bethe c.nter for Theoretic.l Physic. Universitt Bonn Nuβallee 14-16 D-53115 Bonn Germany

In this talk, I present the resu.ts on the pole stru.tu.e of pion-nu.leon sc.ttering in an analytic.model based on meson exc.ange. The analytic.properties of sc.ttering amplitu.es provide important information. Besides the c.0}s, the poles and zeros on the different Riemann sheets determine the global behavior of the amplitu.e on the physic.l axis. Pole positions and residu.s allow for a parameterization of resonanc.s in a well-defined way, free of assu.ptions for the bac.grou.d and energy dependenc. of the resonanc. part. This is a nec.ssary c.ndition to relate resonanc. c.ntribu.ions in different reac.ions.

关键词： pion-nu.leon sc.ttering meson exc.ange model analytic.stru.tu.e of the sc.ttering amplitu.e

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c.0}rent Soil Nu.rient Statu. of Intensively Managed Greenhou.es

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Pedosphere 2012年第6期22卷 825-833页

作者： Hu.Yu.-c.i SONG Zhi-Wen Lu.Wen-Long c. POSc.ENRIEDER u. Sc.MIDHALTER c.air of Plant Nu.rition Technische Universitat Miinchen D-85350 Freising (Germany) Institu.e of Information Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences Tianjin (China)

Nine distric.s c.vering the main greenhou.e vegetable areas in Tianjin Mu.ic.pality of the North c.ina Plain were selec.ed for the soil investigation in 2010 to su.vey the c.0}rent soil nu.rient statu. (soil available N, P and K), ac.dific.tion and salinization du. to exc.ssive inpu. of fertilizers in greenhou.es in Tianjin. The stu.y showed that, in partic.0}ar, soil available P c.ntent inc.eased with the age of greenhou.es. In c.ntrast, ou. resu.ts did not reveal higher K ac.u.u.ation and lowered pH in the greenhou.e soils c.mpared with c.0}tivation in open fields. Over-fertilization, c.u.ing high NO 3 ac.u.u.ation, most likely resu.ted in salinity problems in the greenhou.es. Ninety perc.nt of the investigated greenhou.e soils had elec.ric.l c.ndu.tivity valu.s of satu.ated paste extrac.s of 2-10 d S m-1 , whic. might affec. the yields of vegetable c.ops like green bean, pepper, c.bbage, c.rrot, eggplant, lettu.e, spinac., c.lery, c.0}u.ber and tomato. The findings of ou. su.vey of the c.0}rent fertility and salinity problems in greenhou.e soils su.gest that there is an u.gent need to improve the farmers' prac.ic.s and strategies in fertilization management in greenhou.es of c.ina. Bec.u.e edu.ation and the agric.0}tu.al tec.nic.l extension servic.s may play a more important role in avoiding overu.e of fertilizers, we su.gest that c.0}rent nu.rient management prac.ic.s shou.d be improved in the near fu.u.e throu.h training of loc.l farmers in farmers' sc.ools and throu.h strengthening the agric.0}tu.al extension servic.s with prac.ic.l tec.niqu.s.

关键词： elec.ric.l c.ndu.tivity greenhou.e vegetables over-fertilization soil pH soil su.vey

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Strategies for baryon resonanc. analysis

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c.inese Physic. c 2009年第12期33卷 1127-1131页

作者： M. Dring c. Hanhart 黄飞 S. Krewald u.-G. Meiβner Institu. fr Kernphysik and Jlic. c.nter for Hadron Physic. Forschungszentrum Jlich D-52425 Jlich Germany Institu.e for Advanc.d Simu.ation Forschungszentrum Jlich D-52425 Jlich Germany Department of Physic. and Astronomy University of Georgia Athens Georgia 30602 USA Helmholtz-Institu. fr Strahlen-u.d Kernphysik (Theorie) and Bethe c.nter for Theoretic.l Physic. Universitt Bonn Nuβallee 14-16 D-53115 Bonn Germany

The analytic.properties theoretic.l investigations of baryon of sc.ttering amplitu.es provide a meeting point for experimental and resonanc.s. Pole positions and residu.s allow for a parameterization of resonanc.s in a well-defined way whic. relates different reac.ions. The rec.nt progress made within the Jiilic. model is su.marized.

关键词： pion-nu.leon sc.ttering meson exc.ange model analytic.stru.tu.e of the sc.ttering amplitu.e

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Forward pion-nu.leon c.arge exc.ange reac.ion and Regge c.nstraints

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c.inese Physic. c 2009年第12期33卷 1318-1322页

作者：黄飞 A. Sibirtsev S. Krewald c. Hanhart J. Haidenbau.r u.-G. Meiβner Department of Physic. and Astronomy University of Georgia Athens Georgia 30602 USA Helmholtz-Institu. fr Strahlen-u.d Kernphysik u.d Bethe c.nter for Theoretic.l Physic. Universitt Bonn D-53115 Bonn Germany Exc.ted Baryon Analysis c.nter Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Newport News Virginia 23606 USA Institu. fr Kernphysik and Jlic. c.nter for Hadron Physic. Forschungszentrum Jlich D-52425 Jlich Germany Institu.e of Advanc.d Simu.ation Forschungszentrum Jlich D-52425 Jlich Germany

We present ou. rec.nt stu.y of pion-nu.leon c.arge exc.ange amplitu.es above 2 GeV. We analyze the forward pion-nu.leon c.arge exc.ange reac.ion data in a Regge model and c.mpare the resu.ting amplitu.es with those from the Karlsru.e-Helsinki and George-Washington-u.iversity partial-wave analyses. We explore possible high-energy c.nstraints for theoretic.l baryon resonanc. analyses in the energy region above 2 GeV. Ou. resu.ts show that for the pion-nu.leon c.arge exc.ange reac.ion, the appropriate energy region for matc.ing meson-nu.leon dynamic. to diffrac.ive sc.ttering shou.d be arou.d 3 GeV for the helic.ty flip amplitu.e.

关键词： pion-nu.leon interac.ion Regge model

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Fac.t selec.ive etc.ing of Au.mic.oc.ystallites

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Nano Researc. 2015年第9期8卷 2925-2934页

作者： Gangaiah Mettela and Giridhar u. Ku.karni Thematic.u.it of Exc.llenc. on Nanoc.emistry and c.emistry and Physic. of Materials u.it Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for AdvancedScientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur P.O. Bangalore 560 064 India

High-symmetry c.ystals exhibit isotropic.properties. Indu.ing anisotropy, e.g., by fac.t selec.ive etc.ing, is c.nsidered implau.ible in fac.-c.ntered c.0}ic.（Fc.） metals, partic.0}arly gold, whic., in addition to being an Fc., is noble. We report for the first time the fac.t selec.ive etc.ing of Au.mic.oc.ystals obtained in the form of c.0}oc.ahedra and pentagonal rods from the thermolysis of a gold- organic.prec.0}sor. The selec.ive etc.ing of {111} and {100} fac.ts was ac.ieved u.ing a c.pping method in whic. tetraoc.ylammoniu. c.tions selec.ively c.p the {111} fac.ts while Br- ions protec. the {100} fac.ts. The exposed fac.ts are oxidized by O2/c.-, yielding a variety of interesting geometries. The fac.t selec.ive etc.ing of the Au.mic.oc.ystallites is governed only by the natu.e of the fac.ts; the geometry of the mic.oc.stallite does not appear to play a signific.nt role. The etc.ed su.fac.s appear rou.h, bu. a c.oser examination reveals well-defined c.rru.ations that are indexable to high hkl valu.s. Su.h su.fac.s exhibit enhanc.d Raman ac.ivity.

关键词： gold,mic.oc.ystallites,fac.t selec.ive eapping

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Anatomy of a eu.tatic.event du.ing the Tu.onian (Late c.etac.ou.) hot greenhou.e c.imate

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Sc.enc. c.ina Earth Sc.enc.s 2017年第1期60卷 20-29页

作者： Bilal u. HAQ Brian T. Hu.ER Department of Paleobiology MRC-121Smithsonian InstitutionWashington D C 20013USA Sorbonne ISTEP Pierre&Marie Curie UniversityParis 75005France

Sequ.nc. stratigraphic.stu.ies c.nsider relative c.ange in sea level(as regu.ated by eu.tasy,loc.l tec.onic. and sediment su.ply)as the main bu.lder of the stratigraphic.*** has generally been c.nsidered as a c.nsequ.nc. of the growth and dec.y of c.ntinental ic. sheets that wou.d explain large,rapid c.anges in sea level,even du.ing periods of relative global c.imatic.***,su.h a mec.anism has bec.me inc.easingly diffic.0}t to envision du.ing times of extreme global warmth su.h as the Tu.onian,when the equ.tor-to-pole temperatu.e gradient was very low and the presenc. of polar ic. seems *** paper investigates the timing and extent of sea level falls du.ing the late c.nomanian throu.h Tu.onian,espec.ally the largest of those events,sequ.nc. bou.dary KTu.,whic. oc.u.red du.ing the middle to late Tu.onian peak of the c.etac.ou. hot greenhou.e *** c.nc.u.e that the amplitu.e of the widespread third-order sea level fall in the middle Tu.onian that is c.ntered at^91.8 Ma varies at different loc.tions depending on the influ.nc. of dynamic.topography on loc.l tec.onic. and regional c.imatic.*** volu.e variations seem u.likely as a mec.anism for c.ntrolling sea level at this ***,this c.u.al fac.or c.nnot be ru.ed ou. c.mpletely sinc. Antarc.ic.highlands(if they existed in the Late c.etac.ou.)c.u.d sequ.ster enou.h water as ic. to c.u.e eu.tatic.*** asc.rtain this requ.res detailed tomographic.imaging of Antarc.ic.,followed by geodynamic.modeling,to determine whether high plateau. c.u.d have existed to ac.u.u.ate ephemeral ic. *** mec.anisms for sea level c.ange,su.h as transferenc. between grou.d water(a small amplitu.e shorter time sc.le effec.)and the oc.an and entrainment and release of water from the mantle to the oc.anic.reservoir(a potentially large amplitu.e and longer time sc.le proc.ss),are intrigu.ng and need to be explored fu.ther to prove their effic.c. at third-order time sc.les.

关键词： Eu.tatic.event Tu.onian Hot greenhou.e c.imate

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