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Update on endoscopic pancreatic function testing

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第35期17卷 3957-3961页

作者： tyler Stevens Mansour A Parsi Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Digestive Disease Institute The Cleveland Clinic FoundationCleveland OH 44195 United States

Hormone-stimulated pancreatic function tests (PFTs) are considered the gold standard for measuring pancreatic exocrine function. PFTs involve the administration of intravenous secretin or cholecystokinin, followed by collection and analysis of pancreatic secretions. Because exocrine function may decline in the earliest phase of pancreatic fibrosis, PFTs are considered accurate for diagnosing chronic pancreatitis. Unfortunately, these potentially valuable tests are infrequently performed except at specialized centers, because they are time consuming and complicated. To overcome these limitations, endoscopic PFT methods have been developed which include aspiration of pancreatic secretions through the suction channel of the endoscope. The secretin endoscopic pancreatic function test (ePFT) involves collection of duodenal aspirates at 15, 30, 45 and 60 min after secretin stimulation. A bicarbonate concentration greater than 80 mmol/L in any of the samples is considered a normal result. The secretin ePFT has demonstrated good sensitivity and specificity compared with various reference standards, including the "Dreiling tube" secretin PFT, endoscopic ultrasound, and surgical histology. Furthermore, a standard autoanalyzer can be used for bicarbonate analysis, which allows the secretin ePFT to be performed at any hospital. The secretin ePFT may complement imaging tests like endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in the diagnosis of early chronic *** paper will review the literature validating the use of ePFT in the diagnosis of exocrine insufficiency and chronic pancreatitis. Newer developments will also be discussed, including the feasibility of combined EUS/ ePFT, the use of cholecystokinin alone or in combination with secretin, and the discovery of new protein and lipid pancreatic juice biomarkers which may complement traditional fluid analysis.

关键词： Endoscopic pancreatic function test Pancreatic function testing Chronic pancreatitis Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency

Go Out, New China, and Grow Old

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The World of Chinese 2014年第4期 34-35页

作者： tyler RONEY

As the poor run for the big urban centers and the rich run for the relative peace and economic boom of second and third tier cities,there is yet another option in the modern migratory patterns of the Chinese people:**... 详细信息

关键词： New China and Grow Old Go Out

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LIGHTNING ROUND

The World of Chinese 2019年第1期 88-89页

作者： tyler RONEY 不详

In a tale of obsession and invention,Liu Cixin's latest translated novel puts a new face on the sci-fi master The science of Liu Cixin's Ball Lightning is less compelling than the brutalities of his famed Three Body P... 详细信息

关键词： LIGHTNTNG ROUND obsession and invention trilogy

Civics Education & Model United Nations(MUN) Club

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英语学习 2014年第11X期 32-33页

作者： tyler Shelden 清华大学附属中学国际部

国际公民教育和国际理解教育都是丰富、宏大的主题,在这样的视角下,我们首先聚焦到模拟联合国活动,因为它的平台和理念,它的规则与体验,无不紧扣着时代的要求和挑战。为此,本期专题特邀来自清华大学附属中学国际部的外籍教师tyler Sheld... 详细信息

国际公民教育和国际理解教育都是丰富、宏大的主题,在这样的视角下,我们首先聚焦到模拟联合国活动,因为它的平台和理念,它的规则与体验,无不紧扣着时代的要求和挑战。为此,本期专题特邀来自清华大学附属中学国际部的外籍教师tyler Shelden,以他真诚的国际化教育情怀开篇,以他丰富的模联学生指导经验开篇,望更多青年人与模联结缘,望更多学校与教师与时代共鸣。

关键词：外籍教师大学附属中学国际化教育指导经验公民教育 tyler curriculum vital

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TREKKING CAT COUNTRY

The World of Chinese 2016年第4期 84-86页

作者： tyler RONEY

Everybody Shareskyism,hwala-fuszji,and the importance of wearing trousers in Lao She’s sci-fi satire飞机撞向火星留下唯一的幸存者,他被外星人带去了猫城……欢迎来到老舍的科幻世界It was condemned by the authorities,a commercial and critical flop,and even the author recognized it as a failure,but Cat Country has *** it’s because the criticisms of universal personal integrity

关键词： authorities universal integrity himself themselves spirit sentence official truly occasion

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SPRAY PAINT PIONEERS

The World of Chinese 2014年第4期 60-61页

作者： tyler RONEY

If you’re looking for interesting,technically impressive graffiti,the best place to look in Beijing is probably the ABS *** team’s moniker stands for Active,Brilliant,and Significant,and their work reflects a deep c... 详细信息

关键词： work ABS SPRAY PAINT PIONEERS

Subcutaneous fatty acid composition of steers finished as weanlings or yearlings with and without growth promotants

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2014年第1期5卷 98-105页

作者： Cletos Mapiye tyler D Turner John A Basarab Vern S Baron Jennifer L Aalhus Michael ER Dugan Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Lacombe Research Centre 6000 C & E Trail Lacombe Alberta T4L 1 W1 Canada Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development Lacombe Research Centre 6000 C & E Trail Lacombe Alberta T4L 1 W1 Canada

Background： The current study evaluated the subcutaneous fatty acid （FA） composition of calf- and yearling-fed steer with or without growth promoting implants. Crossbred steers （n = 112; 267 ± 5.0 kg） of the same contemporary group were allocated to one of four production system and implant strategy based treatments in a completely randomized design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Results： There were no interactions （P 〉 0.05） between production systems and growth promoting implants for the total and individual subcutaneous FA. Yearling as opposed to calf finishing reduced （P 〈 0.05） subcutaneous proportions of C20：3n-6, trans （t）l 2-18：1, C14：0, several minor cis-monounsaturated FA （c-MUFA; c9-14：1, c11-16：1, cl 1-18：1, cl 2-18：1, cl 3-18：1, c9-20：1 and cl 1-20：1）, and increased （P 〈 0.05） subcutaneous proportions of tl 1 cl 5-18：2, total and individual branched-chain FA. Subcutaneous fat from steers implanted with growth promotants had higher （P 〈 0.05） proportions of total polyunsaturated FA （PUFA）, total n-6 PUFA, C18：2n-6 and individual t-18：1 isomers （t6 to tl0） compared to non-implanted steers. Conclusions： Overall, current findings show that production systems and growth promotants led to only minor differences in subcutaneous FA composition of beef steers.

关键词： Age at feedlot entry Beef Fatty acids Growth implant Steers

Improving the Cybersecurity Framework for Future Consumer Networks

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International Journal of Communications, Network and System Sciences 2021年第4期14卷 47-54页

作者： tyler Welker Olatunde Abiona Department of Computer Information Systems Indiana University Northwest Gary USA

The framework Information Technology professionals and Network Organizations use is often seen as open and dynamic. This can create many different pathways for cybercriminals to launch an attack on an enterprise network to cause panic, this situation could be prevented. Using the proposed framework, network administrators and networked organizations can improve their cybersecurity framework for future consumer networks. Implementing a network security plan that is up to date and outlines responsibilities of team members, creating a government subsidy to implement and increase safeguards on US based networks, and the analyzing of past cyber-attacks metadata to further understand the attacks that are causing problems for consumer networks can improve the cybersecurity framework for consumer networks and increase potential security on US based networks. Research found that the implementation of security plans, creating a government subsidy, and analyzing past metadata all show signs of improving the framework of cybersecurity in consumer based networks.

关键词： Cybersecurity Information Technology Network Security Malware Attacks

Foliar Dicamba Application Has No Lasting Effects on Microbial Activities in the Soybean Rhizosphere

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2020年第11期11卷 1706-1713页

作者： Heather L. tyler Crop Production Systems Research Unit U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Stoneville USA

The proliferation of glyphosate-resistant weeds has resulted in significant losses in the productivity of crops such as corn, soybean, and cotton. As a result, new crop varieties with resistance genes from other herbicides, such as 2,4-D and dicamba, have been developed as part of alternative weed control cropping systems. However, little is known about how the application of these herbicides impacts the microorganisms that carry out nutrient cycling in the soil of these cropping systems, particularly in the rhizosphere, the soil compartment immediately adjacent to the root system which is pivotal to plant nutrient uptake. The purpose of the current study was to assess the effects of dicamba on soil enzyme activities linked to C, N, and P cycling in the rhizosphere of resistant soybean plants. While dicamba had no significant effects on the activities of enzymes linked to C or P cycling in the rhizosphere, N-acetylglucosaminidase activity was temporarily inhibited, but recovered by three days after application. These results suggest there are no long-lasting negative effects of dicamba in the rhizosphere of treated plants when applied at field rates.

关键词： Dicamba Rhizosphere Soybean Soil Microbial Activities