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Stripe Rust Effector PstGSRE1 Disrupts Nuclear Localization of ROS-Promoting Transcription Factor TaLOL2 to Defeat ROS-Induced Defense in Wheat

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Molecular Plant 2019年第12期12卷 1624-1638页

作者： Tuo Qi Jia Guo Peng Liu Fuxin He Cuiping Wan Md Ashraful Islam Brett M.tyler Zhensheng Kang Jun Guo State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100ShaanxiP.R.China Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing Oregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA

Puccinia striiformis ***(Pst),a biotrophic plant pathogen,secretes numerous effectors to modulate host defense *** the molecular mechanisms by which Pst effectors regulate wheat immunity is of great importance for the development of novel strategies for durable control of stripe *** this study,we identified a glycine-serine-rich effector gene,PstGSRE1,which is highly induced dur-ing early *** expression of PstGSRE1 RNAi constructs in wheat significantly reduced virulence of Pst and increased H2O2 accumulation in ***1 was shown to target the reactive ox-ygen species(ROS)-associated transcription factor TaLOL2,a positive regulator of wheat ***1 disrupted nuclear localization of TaLOL2 and suppressed ROS-mediated cell death induced by TaLOL2,thus compromising host *** work reveals a previously unrecognized strategy whereby rust fungi exploit the PstGSRE1 effector to defeat ROS-associated plant defense by modulating the subcellular compartment of a host immune regulator and facilitate pathogen infection.

关键词： host-induced gene silencing effector glycine-serine-rich transcription factor Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici reactive oxygen species

The “Iterated Weakest Link” Model of Adaptive Security Investment

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Journal of Information Security 2016年第2期7卷 81-102页

作者： Rainer Böhme tyler Moore Department of Computer Science Universitat Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria Tandy School of Computer Science University of Tulsa Oklahoma USA

We devise a model for security investment that reflects dynamic interaction between a defender, who faces uncertainty, and an attacker, who repeatedly targets the weakest link. Using the model, we derive and compare optimal security investment over multiple periods, exploring the delicate balance between proactive and reactive security investment. We show how the best strategy depends on the defender’s knowledge about prospective attacks and the recoverability of costs when upgrading defenses reactively. Our model explains why security under-investment is sometimes rational even when effective defenses are available and can be deployed independently of other parties’ choices. Finally, we connect the model to real-world security problems by examining two case studies where empirical data are available: computers compromised for use in online crime and payment card security.

关键词： Optimal Security Investment under Uncertainty Return on Security Investment

Identification of eight genes that are potentially involved in tamoxifen sensitivity in breast cancer cells

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Cell Research 2005年第6期15卷 439-446页

作者： tyler ZARUBIN Department of Immunology The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA

Although the antiestrogen agent tamoxifen has long been used to treat women with hormone receptor positive inva-sive breast carcinoma, the mechanisms of its action and acquired resistance to tamoxifen during treatment are largelyunknown. A number of studies have revealed that over-activation of some signaling pathways can cause tamoxifenresistance; however, very little information is available regarding the genes whose loss-of-function alternation contrib-ute to tamoxifen resistance. Here we used a forward genetic approach in vitro to generate tamoxifen resistant cells fromthe tamoxifen sensitive breast cancer cell line ZR-75-1, and further identified the disrupted gene in different tamoxifenresistant clones. Retinol binding protein 7, DNA polymerase-transactivated protein 3, γ-glutamyltransferase-like activity 1,slit-robo RhoGTPase-activating protein, tetraspan NET-4, HSPC194, amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channel gene,and Notch2, were the eight mutated genes identified in different tamoxifen resistant clones, suggesting their requirementfor tamoxifen sensitivity in ZR-75-1 cells. Since the functions of these genes are not related to each other, it suggeststhat multiple pathways can influence tamoxifen sensitivity in breast cancer cells.

关键词： tamoxifen breast cancer gene identification.

Pheromone pollution from invasive sea lamprey misguides a native confamilial

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Current Zoology 2021年第3期67卷 333-335页

作者： tyler J.Buchinger Skye D.Fissette Belinda HUERTA Ke Li Nicholas S.Johnson Weiming Li Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMl 48825USA U.S.Geological Survey Great Lakes Science CenterHammond Bay Biological StationMillersburgMl49759USA

Animals interact with mates in a sensory environment rife with the footprints of human *** chorus over the noise of traffic(Bee and Swanson 2007),glow-worms search for bioluminescent mates against backlight from street lamps(Bird and Parker 2014),and fish attend to conspecific olfactory cues mixed with sewage(Fisher et al.2006).As invasive species proliferate throughout the world,animals also encounter noise in the form of novel heterospecific signals that can interfere with existing communication channels(Groning and Hochkirch 2008).Pheromones,for example,are often species-specific in natural contexts involving sympatric heterospecifics but may become detrimental pollution when animals invade regions inhabited by historically allopatric relatives that previously faced less selection for signal divergence(Gozlan et al.2014).

关键词： Hoc Bee pollution

Phylogenetic and transcriptional analysis of an expanded bZIP transcription factor family in Phytophthora sojae

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Phylogenetic and transcriptional analysis of an expanded bZI...

The Effect of Circuit Training on Resting Heart Rate Variability, Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Physical Fitness in Healthy Untrained Adults

2014年第七届中国模式真菌研讨会

作者：叶文武 yang Wang Suomeng Dong Brett M.tyler Yuanchao Wang Department of Plant Pathology Nanjing Agricultural University Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing and Department of Botany and Plant PathologyOregon State University

Basic leucine zipper(bZIP) transcription factors are present exclusively in eukaryotes and constitute one of the largest and most diverse transcription factor *** proteins are responsible for central developmental and physiological processes in plants,animals,and fungi,including the pathogenicity of fungal plant ***,there is limited understanding of bZIPs in oomycetes,which are fungus-like organisms in the kingdom *** include many destructive plant pathogens,including the well-studied species Phytophthora sojae,which causes soybean stem and root *** bZIPs encoded in the genomes *** and four other oomycetes,two diatoms,and two fungal species were predicted using bioinformatic *** analysis revealed expanded numbers of bZIP candidates in oomycetes,especially the Phytophthora species,due to the expansion of several novel bZIP classes whose highly conserved asparagines in basic DNA-binding regions were substituted by other residues such as *** majority of these novel bZIP classes were mostly restricted to *** large number of novel bZIPs appears to be the result of widespread gene duplications during oomycete *** majority of *** bZIP candidates,including both conventional and novel bZIP classes,were predicted to contain canonical protein secondary *** of gene transcripts using digital gene expression profiling and qRT-PCR suggested that most of the candidates were not *** major transcriptional shifts of bZIPs occurred during the zoosporangia/zoospore/cyst and host infection *** infection-associated bZIP genes were identified that were positively regulated by H

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Health 2016年第2期8卷 144-155页

作者： Adamos Vrachimis Marios Hadjicharalambous Chris tyler School of Human & Life Sciences Roehampton University London UK Department of Life & Health Sciences University of Nicosia Nicosia Cyprus

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of circuit training (CT) on resting heart rate variability (HRV) and other cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors such as blood lipids and blood glucose and on fitness components. Twenty-four healthy untrained adults (age 26.5 ± 5.1 years;height 1.67 ± 8.4 m;weight 66.8 ± 15.1 kg;26.3% ± 5.2%;maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) 48.5 ± 10.0 ***-1.min-1) were assigned to either CT (n = 12) involving bodyweight exercises, or control (CON, n = 12) groups. Prior to the start and following the end of the six-week training period, time-, frequency-domain and nonlinear measures of resting HRV, arterial blood pressure, body composition, fasting blood lipids, lipoproteins and glucose, VO2max, upper body muscular endurance (UBME) and abdominal and hip flexor (AHFME), back strength (BS) and handgrip were assessed. None of the resting HRV measures (P > 0.05) were affected by the CT intervention. However, diastolic blood pressure decreased (P = 0.03), lean body weight (P = 0.03) increased, VO2max (P = 0.03), UBME (P = 0.001), AHFME (P = 0.04), and BS (P = 0.03) were significantly higher following CT, whereas the other variables were not influenced by the CT. Six-week of CT involving bodyweight exercises has no significant impact on resting HRV. However, this type of training might decrease the risk for development of CVD by reducing arterial blood pressure and by improving body composition, aerobic capacity, muscular endurance and strength.

关键词： Heart Rate Variability Circuit Training Healthy Untrained Adults

Camera Independent Motion Deblurring in Videos Using Machine Learning

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Journal of Intelligent Learning Systems and Applications 2023年第4期15卷 89-107页

作者： tyler Welander Ronald Marsh Bryce Gruber Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of North Dakota Grand Forks North Dakota USA

In this paper, we will be looking at our efforts to find a novel solution for motion deblurring in videos. In addition, our solution has the requirement of being camera-independent. This means that the solution is fully implemented in software and is not aware of any of the characteristics of the camera. We found a solution by implementing a Convolutional Neural Network-Long Short Term Memory (CNN-LSTM) hybrid model. Our CNN-LSTM is able to deblur video without any knowledge of the camera hardware. This allows it to be implemented on any system that allows the camera to be swapped out with any camera model with any physical characteristics.

关键词： Motion Blur Video Convolutional Neural Network Long Short-Term Memory AirSim OpenCV

Fortification of pork loins with docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) and its effect on flavour

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2014年第1期5卷 106-113页

作者： William J Meadus tyler D Turner Michael ER Dugan Jennifer L Aalhus Pascale Duff David Rolland Bethany Uttaro Lorna L Gibson Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Lacombe Research Centre 6000 C&E TrailLacombe T4L 1 W1AB Canada

Pork is traditionally low in docosahexanoic acid （DHA, C22：6n-3） and deficient in omega-3 fats for a balanced human diet. DHA as triglycerides was commercially prepared from the microalgae Schizochytfium and injected into fresh pork loins. Treatments of a mixed brine control （CON）, 3.1% sunflower oil in mixed brine （SF） and a 3.1% DHA oil in mixed brine （DHA） were injected into pork loins at 10 mL/100 g and grilled at 205℃. After cooking, the CON and SF pork loins contained 0.03 to 0.05 mg DHA/g of pork and the DHA injected loins contained approximately 1.46 mg DHA/g. This also changed the fatty acid profile of omega-6：omega-3 from, 5 to 1 in the CON pork, to a ratio of 1.7 to 1 in DHA pork. The appearance, odor, oxidation rates and sensory taste, as judged by a trained panel, determined the DHA injected meat to be, ＇slightly desirable＇ and gave lower ＇off flavour＇ scores, relative to the CON and SF injected pork. Pork can be fortified with DHA oil to 146 mg/100 g serving, which would meet half the recommended daily omega 3 fatty acid requirements for adult humans and would be desirable in taste.

关键词： Docosahexaenoic acid Injection marinade Pork Sensory characteristics

Peeking Into the Brain:Economists Ponder Decision-making

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当代外语研究 2006年第7期 24-25页

作者： tyler Cowen 纪家举

赌博业和保险公司都善于渲染气氛,影响消费者的心理和情绪,使其乖乖掏腰包。对这种现象如何解释?神经经济学家们正在研究一种新技术来跟踪大脑内神经细胞的活动,研究情绪如何影响我们的决定。如果能发明一种装置用来调控情绪,使投资者... 详细信息

赌博业和保险公司都善于渲染气氛,影响消费者的心理和情绪,使其乖乖掏腰包。对这种现象如何解释?神经经济学家们正在研究一种新技术来跟踪大脑内神经细胞的活动,研究情绪如何影响我们的决定。如果能发明一种装置用来调控情绪,使投资者在投资时作出客观冷静的决定,未来的市场还会有现在这么大的变数吗?

关键词：神经细胞经济学家情绪神经元保险公司赌博业新技术消费者投资者决定