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Assessing Relative Dispersion

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Applied Mathematics 2017年第11期8卷 1572-1589页

作者： Thomas C. Redd Amal El Moghraby tyler j. Tillman Department of Mathematics North Carolina A & T State University Greensboro NC USA Department of Mathematics Davidson County Community College Winston-Salem NC USA

We assess the four point method of relative dispersion proposed by jones and Winkler to identify the hyperbolic trajectories of a system. We sample a discrete analog to a quasi-geostrophic, single layered flow field and perform a comparison of the dispersion of neighboring points after iteration. We evaluate our method by performing a transformation to (x, y) space and comparing the trajectories corresponding to maximum dispersion with the (x, y) values of trajectories of the Standard map, derived from traditional techniques. We perform a similar evaluation using a 2D Ross by wave. We show that the method of relative dispersion is able to generate 2nd order accurate (on the scale of the discretization) hyperbolic trajectories.

关键词： Relative Dispersion Finite Strain Hyperbolic Trajectories Standard Map Rossby Wave

Viable cryopreserved umbilical tissue (vCUT) reduces post-operative adhesions in a rabbit abdominal adhesion model

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Bioactive Materials 2019年第1期4卷 97-106页

作者： Sandeep Dhall Turhan Coksaygan tyler Hoffman Matthew Moorman Anne Lerch jin-Qiang Kuang Malathi Sathyamoorthy Alla Danilkovitch Osiris Therapeutics Inc.7015 Albert Einstein DrColumbiaMD21046USA University of Maryland 655 W.Baltimore StreetBaltimoreMD21201USA

Post-operative adhesions,a common complication of surgery,cause pain,impair organ functionality,and often require additional surgical *** of inflammation,protection of injured tissue,and rapid tissue repair are critical for adhesion *** barriers are biomaterials used to prevent adhesions by physical separation of opposing injured *** adhesion barriers have poor anti-inflammatory and tissue regenerative *** cord tissue(UT),a part of the placenta,is inherently soft,conforming,biocompatible,and biodegradable,with antimicrobial,anti-inflammatory,and antifibrotic properties,making it an attractive alternative to currently available adhesion *** use of fresh tissue is preferable,availability and short storage time limit its clinical use.A viable cryopreserved UT(vCUT)“point of care”allograft has recently become *** retains the extracellular matrix,growth factors,and native viable cells with the added advantage of a long shelf life at−80℃.In this study,vCUT's anti-adhesion property was evaluated in a rabbit abdominal adhesion *** cecum was abraded on two opposing sides,and vCUT was sutured to the abdominal wall on the treatment side;whereas the contralateral side of the abdomen served as an internal untreated *** and histological evaluation was performed at 7,28,and 67 days *** adhesions were detectable on the vCUT treated side at all time *** scores for adhesion,inflammation,and fibrosis were lower on the vCUT treated side as compared to the control *** conclusion,the data supports the use of vCUT as an adhesion barrier in surgical procedures.

关键词： Placental Cryopreserved Post-surgical Adhesiolysis Inflammation Fibrosis

The Evolving Role of Botanical Gardens and Natural Areas:A Floristic Case Study from Royal Botanical Gardens,Canada

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植物分类与资源学报 2011年第1期33卷 123-131页

作者： David A.GALBRAITH Natalie E.IWANYCKI Brechann V.McGOEY jamie McGREGOR james S.PRINGLE Carl j.ROTHFELS tyler W.SMITH Royal Botanical Gardens BurlingtonON University of Guelph GuelphON Duke University DurhamNC Eastern Kentucky University RichmondKY

As leaders calling for the conservation of the world's plants,botanical gardens protect plants within living *** also study,manage and restore plants in natural *** Botanical Gardens(Ontario,Canada) has integrated both horticultural and natural heritage in its mission for *** by municipal leaders in the 1920s as a combination of nature sanctuaries and civic gardens,RBG now includes forests,wetlands and other habitats,gardens and built *** RBG is Canada's largest botanical garden on the basis of *** the 1950s RBG began to inventory plant *** checklist of spontaneous vascular plants now exceeds 1 170 species,of which 752 are *** is 37% of Ontario's native vascular plants and 19% of the native vascular flora of *** RBG nature sanctuaries are among the richest locations in Canada for species-level *** examine the history of floristic exploration within RBG and compare plant species-area relationships among protected natural areas in *** comparison supports the contention that the nature sanctuaries,and in particular Cootes Paradise,could be considered an important area for plants in Canada,and relative to the nation's flora,a biodiversity *** fact that a candidate vascular plant hotspot for Canada lies within a major botanical garden presents opportunities for raising public awareness of the importance of plant diversity,as well as focusing attention on the scientific and conservation biology needs of communities and individual species in this area.

关键词： Botanical garden Ontario Natural areas Biodiversity Species-area curve Species richness

Molecular Characterization of the Calvin Cycle Enzyme Phosphoribulokinase in the Stramenopile Alga Vaucheria litorea and the Plastid Hosting Mollusc Elysia chlorotica

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Molecular Plant 2009年第6期2卷 1384-1396页

作者： Mary E. Rumpho Sirisha Pochareddy jared M. Worful Elizabeth j. Summer Debashish Bhattacharya Karen N. Pelletreau Mary S. tyler jungho Lee james R. Manhart Kara M. Soule Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and Molecular Biology 5735 Hitchner Halt University of Maine Orono ME 04469 USA Department of Biology Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA Department of Ecology Evolution and Natural Resources Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences Rutgers University New Brunswick NJ 08901 USA School of Biology and Ecology University of Maine Orono ME 04469 USA Green Plant Institute #2-202 Bio Valley Seoul National University 103-2 Seodun Gwonseon Suwon Gyeonggi 441-853 Korea Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA

Phosphoribulokinase （PRK）, a nuclear-encoded plastid-localized enzyme unique to the photosynthetic carbon reduction （Calvin） cycle, was cloned and characterized from the stramenopile alga Vaucheria litorea. This alga is the source of plastids for the mollusc （sea slug） Elysia chlorotica which enable the animal to survive for months solely by photoautotrophic CO2 fixation. The 1633-bp V. litorea prk gene was cloned and the coding region, found to be interrupted by four introns, encodes a 405-amino acid protein. This protein contains the typical bipartite target sequence expected of nuclearencoded proteins that are directed to complex （i.e. four membrane-bound） algal plastids. De novo synthesis of PRK and enzyme activity were detected in E. chlorotica in spite of having been starved of V. litorea for several months. Unlike the algal enzyme, PRK in the sea slug did not exhibit redox regulation. Two copies of partial PRK-encoding genes were isolated from both sea slug and aposymbiotic sea slug egg DNA using PCR. Each copy contains the nucleotide region spanning exon 1 and part of exon 2 of V litorea prk, including the bipartite targeting peptide. However, the larger prk fragment also includes intron 1. The exon and intron sequences of prk in E. chlorotica and V/itorea are nearly identical. These data suggest that PRK is differentially regulated in V. litorea and E. chlorotica and at least a portion of the V. litorea nuclear PRK gene is present in sea slugs that have been starved for several months.

关键词： Alga Calvin cycle Elysia chlorotica kleptoplast mollusc phosphoribulokinase photosynthesis plastid redox regulation stramenopile symbiosis Vaucheria litorea.

Effect of estrogen on manganese-induced toxicity on embryonic astrocytes

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2013年第10期4卷 9-15页

作者： tyler T. Huynh Kimberly j. Baker Harold L. Komiskey Department of Biomedical Sciences Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine-GA Campus Suwanee USA

Manganese (Mn) is a natural trace metal that is essential for many physiological functions in the human body. Astrocytes in the central nervous system are susceptible reservoirs for Mn accumulation. Estrogen, a steroidal hormone, has been shown to mitigate Mn-induced toxicity in cultures of postnatal astrocytes. However, differences in expression/inducibility of glutamate transporters and glutamine synthetase, transmitters, and the natural gonadal steroids and their receptors are known to occur in astrocyte cultures derived from various stages of fetal and postnatal development. Cultures of embryonic (E18) hippocampal astrocytes were examined in this study for the ability of 17 β-estradiol (E2) to protect them from Mn toxicity by up regulating gene expression of a glutamate transporter. Primary rat hippocampal astrocytes were pretreated with β-Estradiol (E2) in vitro and subsequently, Mn sulfate (MnSO4). The amount of toxic damage to the astrocytes was measured by quantifying glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) with a sandwiched Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). ELISA analysis indicated Mn exposure at 100 μM, 300 μM, or 600 μM significantly increased GFAP levels. However, E2 concentrations at 10 nM or 30 nM significantly reduced Mn-induced GFAP concentrations at 100 μM. Cells pretreated with 10 nM or 30 nM of E2 significantly lowered GFAP levels. The Water-Soluble Tetrazolium-8 (WST-8) method was utilized to determine cell viability. The WST-8 assay showed that Mn concentrations of 100 μM, 300 μM, or 600 μM significantly reduced the dehydrogenase activity, thereby decreasing the number of viable astrocytes. Enzyme activity with 600 μM of Mn was significantly decreased when compared with 100 μM of Mn, revealing a dose-dependent effect. However, the dehydrogenase activity in cells treated with 600 μM Mn was significantly increased when pretreated with 10 nM of E2. Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) was used to measure changes in gluta

关键词： Astrocytes Estrogen Embryonic Manganese Hippocampus

Reliability Optimization in the Islanded Mode of Microgrid

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journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2017年第2期11卷 103-114页

作者： Sundari Ramabhotla Stephen B. Bayne tyler j. Flack Michael Giesselmann Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Texas Tech University Box 43102 Lubbock TX 79409-3102 USA

A microgrid is a combination of distributed energy resources and controllable loads. The main objective of this research is to optimize energy flow within a microgrid with regards to reliability in grid connected mode. A microgrid with combined heat and power, natural gas generator, diesel generator, solar energy, wind energy, and battery energy storage along with a critical load is considered in this research. An event oriented analytical method called FTA （fault trees analysis） is implemented for reliability optimization using PTC Windchill Solutions software in a microgrid. The reliability of each component in each energy source of the microgrid is calculated using FTA. The reliability of the critical load is evaluated. The quantitative and qualitative results of FTA are evaluated in order to interpret the results of fault tree. The sensitivity and uncertainty of the fault tree results for critical load is deduced by calculating the importance measures such as risk achievement worth, risk reduction worth, criticality importance and Fussel-Vesely importance. Finally from the results the components that are sensitive and at high risk are deduced.

关键词： Fault trees analysis microgrid reliability importance measures critical load quantitative and qualitative analysis.

Stripe Rust Effector PstGSRE1 Disrupts Nuclear Localization of ROS-Promoting Transcription Factor TaLOL2 to Defeat ROS-Induced Defense in Wheat

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Molecular Plant 2019年第12期12卷 1624-1638页

作者： Tuo Qi jia Guo Peng Liu Fuxin He Cuiping Wan Md Ashraful Islam Brett M.tyler Zhensheng Kang jun Guo State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100ShaanxiP.R.China Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing Oregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA

Puccinia striiformis ***(Pst),a biotrophic plant pathogen,secretes numerous effectors to modulate host defense *** the molecular mechanisms by which Pst effectors regulate wheat immunity is of great importance for the development of novel strategies for durable control of stripe *** this study,we identified a glycine-serine-rich effector gene,PstGSRE1,which is highly induced dur-ing early *** expression of PstGSRE1 RNAi constructs in wheat significantly reduced virulence of Pst and increased H2O2 accumulation in ***1 was shown to target the reactive ox-ygen species(ROS)-associated transcription factor TaLOL2,a positive regulator of wheat ***1 disrupted nuclear localization of TaLOL2 and suppressed ROS-mediated cell death induced by TaLOL2,thus compromising host *** work reveals a previously unrecognized strategy whereby rust fungi exploit the PstGSRE1 effector to defeat ROS-associated plant defense by modulating the subcellular compartment of a host immune regulator and facilitate pathogen infection.

关键词： host-induced gene silencing effector glycine-serine-rich transcription factor Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici reactive oxygen species

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溪洛渡水库水温日变化的测量与分析

水科学进展 2018年第4期29卷 523-536页

作者：谢奇珂刘昭伟陈永灿陈啸 Kenneth tyler Werk 清华大学水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室北京100084 西南科技大学环境与资源学院四川绵阳621010

溪洛渡等河道型水库具有库容大且径流量大的特点,热动力过程和水温分布迥异于天然河流或湖泊。通过温度链对溪洛渡水库坝前水温进行长期高频监测,选取升温期和降温期典型时段,分析表层水温的昼夜变化和温跃层的内波现象;计算表面热交换... 详细信息

溪洛渡等河道型水库具有库容大且径流量大的特点,热动力过程和水温分布迥异于天然河流或湖泊。通过温度链对溪洛渡水库坝前水温进行长期高频监测,选取升温期和降温期典型时段,分析表层水温的昼夜变化和温跃层的内波现象;计算表面热交换,并分析其对水温变化的影响。结果表明:水面混合层在水面热交换的控制下周期性出现和消失;在升温期水面吸热对于变温层升温过程有重要影响;在降温期,水面失热驱动了垂向混合,入流降温形成侵入流,共同控制变温层的降温过程;温跃层中24 h周期的内波形成与出流日调节有直接因果关系。与实测数据计算的水面热通量相比,采用气象站日值数据的溪洛渡数值模型的模拟值偏小。

关键词：水温水面热交换日变化溪洛渡水库

Body Weight and Steroidal Implants Impact Animal Growth Performance, Sera Metabolites, and Pulmonary Arterial Pressure in Feedlot Cattle

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Open journal of Animal Sciences 2020年第3期10卷 414-430页

作者： tyler A. Vogel joseph M. Neary Zachary K. Smith Bradley j. johnson Department of Animal and Food Science Texas Tech University Lubbock TX USA Department of Animal Science South Dakota State University Brookings SD USA

The study objective was to evaluate steer growth performance, sera metabolite responses, carcass characteristics, and pulmonary arterial pressure as affected by body weight at time of implantation and steroidal implant administration. Crossbred steers (n = 20) were used in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments in a completely randomized design experiment, Factors included: body weight: light (L), or heavy (H) and implant: Non-implanted (NoIMP), or Implanted (IMP) with steer serving as the experimental unit for all analyses. Initial weights for L and H steers were 398 ± 27.6 and 547 ± 25.2 kg, respectively. Implanted steers received a terminal implant (200 mg trenbolone acetate and 20 mg estradiol-17β;Revalor-200;Merck Animal Health, Madison, Nj) on d 0. Cattle within treatments were group housed in common pens (n = 5 steers/pen). Bodyweight, blood samples, and pulmonary arterial pressure were collected on d 0, 14, 35, 70 and 104. Cattle were fed a common diet once daily to provide ad libitum access to feed. The finishing diet contained (DM basis) 13.3% CP, 2.13 Mcal/kg NEm, and 1.45 Mcal/kg NEg. Growth performance (body weight and ADG) and carcass traits were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS 9.4 (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC). Sera metabolites were analyzed as repeated measures over time, with day as the repeated measure. For all analyses, α level 0.05) in ADG were observed in NoIMP vs. IMP cattle beyond d 70 (1.21 vs. 1.01 ± 0.16 kg;P = 0.38). Sera urea-N concentrations were decreased (P jected to IMP during the study and tended to increase over time for the other treatments. Ribfat, HCW,

关键词： Cattle Estradiol Pulmonary Pressure Trenbolone