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Predicting densities and elastic moduli of SiO_(2)-based glasses by machine learning

npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 1455-1467页

作者： Yong-Jie Hu Ge Zhao Mingfei Zhang Bin Bin tyler del rose Qian Zhao Qun Zu Yang Chen Xuekun Sun Maarten de Jong Liang Qi Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Department of Statistics Pennsylvania State UniversityState CollegePA 16802USA Fariborz Maseeh Department of Mathematics and Statistics Portland State UniversityPortlandOR 97207USA Sinoma Science&Technology Co. Ltd.210012 NanjingJiangsuChina Continental Technology LLC IndianapolisIN 46033USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720USA Space Exploration Technologies(SpaceX) HawthorneCA 90250USA

Chemical design of SiO_(2)-based glasses with high elastic moduli and low weight is of great ***,it is difficult to find a universal expression to predict the elastic moduli according to the glass composition before synthesis since the elastic moduli are a complex function of interatomic bonds and their ordering at different length *** we show that the densities and elastic moduli of SiO_(2)-based glasses can be efficiently predicted by machine learning(ML)techniques across a complex compositional space with multiple(>10)types of additive oxides besides SiO_(2).Our machine learning approach relies on a training set generated by high-throughput molecular dynamic(MD)simulations,a set of elaborately constructed descriptors that bridges the empirical statistical modeling with the fundamental physics of interatomic bonding,and a statistical learning/predicting model developed by implementing least absolute shrinkage and selection operator with a gradient boost machine(GBM-LASSO).

关键词： glasses moduli bridges

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美国新毕业家庭医生寻找产科相关工作的体验

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中国全科医学 2020年第22期23卷 2749-2756页

作者： Aimee R Eden tyler Barreto Elizabeth rose Hansen Department of Research and Policy American Board of Family MedicineLexingtonKentuckyUSA Family and Community Medicine University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA

背景足够的产科家庭医生对于确保患者获取必需的产科服务至关重要。然而,既往研究表明执业范围包含产科的家庭医生数量正在逐年减少,如今从事新生儿接生工作的家庭医生不到10%。目的旨在探究希望将产科纳入其执业范围的新毕业家庭医生... 详细信息

背景足够的产科家庭医生对于确保患者获取必需的产科服务至关重要。然而,既往研究表明执业范围包含产科的家庭医生数量正在逐年减少,如今从事新生儿接生工作的家庭医生不到10%。目的旨在探究希望将产科纳入其执业范围的新毕业家庭医生如何发现和选择工作,并进一步了解当前就业形势对家庭医生的执业范围,特别是产科、新生儿接生方面的影响。方法于2017年进行问卷调查和定性访谈的混合方法研究。对美国家庭医生进行电子问卷调查并在目的性子抽样后对这些医生进行深度半结构化电话访谈。问卷调查总结了家庭医生未从事产科工作的原因,为进一步明确选择从事产科工作的家庭医生的具体情况,采用基于群体的沉浸式方法来转译定性访谈的结果。本研究向2098例毕业于2014—2016年并希望从事新生儿接生工作的美国家庭医学专业实习医生发送调查问卷,回复1016份,回复率48.43%,其中56例接受了电话访谈。结果问卷调查结果显示,未能找到工作范围包含产科的工作是希望从事产科工作的家庭医学毕业生未从事该工作的主要原因。定性访谈结果显示,家庭医生通常通过人脉关系或人才招聘的途径找到产科相关工作,并根据地理位置偏好、家庭义务及生活方式要求等个人考虑因素做出选择。同时,求职过程和择业决策也受到工作结构、执业特点及缺乏产科相工作经验等因素的限制。结论虽然个人意向决定大部分医学生的工作选择,但其选择仍受到多种不可控因素限制,特别是家庭医学工作提供产科相关工作的能力。美国毕业医学生从医院实习生到执业医师的转变同时影响着毕业生的求职选择和医疗机构患者寻求医疗服务的质量。因此,了解就业情况对家庭医生就业范围的影响方式,有助于进一步明确如何协助家庭医生在其希望从事的范围内工作并对其进行相应协助,从而确保每一个家庭可以获得更好的医疗服务。

关键词：混合方法学家庭医生产科毕业生美国

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Experiences of new family physicians finding jobs with obstetrical care in the USA

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2019年第26期7卷 13-21页

Objective This study aimed to explore how new family medicine graduates who want to include obstetrics in their scope of practice identify and select jobs and to understand how employment influences scope of practice in family medicine,particularly the ability to provide maternity care and deliver *** Mixed-methods study including a survey and qualitative interviews conducted in *** We electronically surveyed US family physicians and followed up with a purposeful subsample of these physicians to conduct in-depth,semistructured telephone *** 1016 US family medicine residency graduates 2014-2016 who indicated that they intended to deliver babies in practice completed a survey;56 of these were *** outcome measures The survey measured the reasons for not doing obstetrics as a family *** identify themes regarding finding family medicine jobs with obstetrics,we used a team-based,immersion-crystallisation approach to analyse the transcribed qualitative *** Survey results(49%response rate)showed that not finding a job that included obstetrics was the primary reason newly graduated family physicians who intended to do obstetrics were not doing *** interviews revealed that family physicians often find jobs with obstetrics through connections or recruitment efforts and make job decisions based on personal considerations such as included geographical preferences,family obligations and ***,job-seeking and job-taking decisions are constrained by employment-related issues such as job structure,practice characteristics and lack of availability of family medicine jobs with *** While personal reasons drove job selection for most physicians,their choices were constrained by multiple factors beyond their control,particularly availability of family medicine jobs allowing *** shift from physician as practice owner to physician as employee in the USA has impli

关键词： services finding seeking

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