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Nanotechnolog.cal Contribution to Drug.Delivery System: A Reappraisal

Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnolog. 2014年第3期5卷 194-199页

作者： Pramod Vishwanath Prasad tulsidas g. shrivastav Center for Biomedical Research The Population Council The Rockefeller University New York NY 10065 USA Department of Reproductive Biomedicine National Institute of Health and Family Welfare New Delhi India

With the emerg.nce of Nanotechnolog., there has been remarkable improvement in the field of drug.delivery system over the past decade. Nanotechnolog. in drug.delivery system is an upcoming.field and sig.ificant research has been conducted in this reg.rd. It has been able to overcome some limitations encountered with the traditional routine drug.delivery systems and hence emerg.d as an effective alternative. This article reviews nanotechnolog. based different types of drug.delivery systems and their therapeutic applications.

关键词： Nanomedicine Nanotechnolog. Drug Delivery System Application

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Bird’s Eye View on the Recent Advances in Drug.Delivery Systems

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Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnolog. 2011年第5期2卷 544-556页

作者： Pramod Vishwanath Prasad Pramod Chandra Pal D. Nag.swara Rao tulsidas g. shrivastav Ren-Shan g. 不详

Successful treatment of most of the diseases is limited by a lack of safe and effective methods of drug.delivery. Drug.delivery methods have sig.ificant effects on the pharmacolog.cal efficacy of a drug. Every drug.has an optimum concentration rang. within which maximum benefit is derived;and concentrations above or below the rang. can be toxic or provide no therapeutic benefits at all. Therefore, development of an efficient drug.delivery system remains an important challeng. in medicine, and this can be achieved only throug. multidisciplinary approaches to the mechanisms of delivery of drug. to targ.ts in tissues. Thus, several drug.delivery and drug.targ.ting.systems are currently being.developed. Targ.ting.is an ability to direct the drug.s) to the desired site. There are two major mechanisms, viz., active and passive for drug.targ.ting. Controlled drug.release and subsequent biodeg.adation are also indispensable for developing.successful formulations. Colloidal drug.vehicles such as micelles, vesicles, liquid crystal dispersions, and nanomaterials consisting.of miniscule nanoparticles of 5 - 200 nm diameter have shown g.eat promise as drug.delivery systems. In this context, past decades have witnessed certain major advancements. This review article emphasizes on these advances in the field of drug.delivery systems.

关键词： Drug Delivery Vehicles Nanoparticles Colloidosomes Dendrimers Nanorobots

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Clomiphene Citrate Induces ROS-Mediated Apoptosis in Mammalian Oocytes

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Open Journal of Apoptosis 2014年第3期3卷 52-58页

作者： Shail K. Chaube tulsidas g. shrivastav Shilpa Prasad Meenakshi Tiwari Anima Tripathi Ashutosh N. Pandey Karuppanan V. Premkumar Cell Physiolog. Laboratory Biochemistry Unit Department of Zoology Banaras Hindu University Varanasi-221005 India Department of Reproductive Biomedicine National Institute of Health and Family Welfare New Delhi-110067 India

The clomiphene citrate (CC), a nonsteroidal triphenylethylene compound, is a first line of medicine used for the induction of ovulation in anovulatory women worldwide. In spite of hig. ovulation induction with the use of CC, the preg.ancy rate is much lower. Such a discrepancy could be due to the peripheral anti-estrog.nic effect of CC, particularly at the level of ovary, endometrium and cervical mucus. CC induces ovulation by binding.to the estrog.n receptors and g.nerates hypoestrog.nic state in hypothalamus leading.to release of pituitary g.nadotropins. CC may have a direct effect at the level of ovary but the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Animal studies sug.est that the CC induces apoptosis in g.anulosa cells and results hypoestrog.nic state in the ovary. Reduced estradiol 17β level in the ovary affects development and maturation of oocyte leading.to oocyte apoptosis. Further, CC increases hydrog.n peroxide (H2O2) level and thereby bax protein expression and DNA frag.entation in cumulus-g.anulosa cells as well as in oocytes. The exog.nous supplementation of either estradiol 17β or melatonin reduces H2O2 level in ovary, delays meiotic cell cycle prog.ession in oocyte and protects oocyte apoptosis. Hence, supplementation of estradiol 17β or melatonin along.with CC could be beneficial to protect g.anulosa cell as well as oocyte apoptosis and inhibit deterioration of oocyte quality. Thus, maintenance of oocyte quality may overcome the adverse effect caused due to CC treatment during.infertility manag.ment.

关键词： Clomiphene Citrate Ovulation Induction ROS g.neration Apoptosis Oocyte Quality

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