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Mainstreaming the nexus approach in climate services will enable coherent local and regional climate policies

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2021年第5期12卷 752-755页

作者： Nicu Constantin tudose Roger CREMADES Annelies BROEKMAN Anabel SANCHEZ-PLAZA Hermine MITTER Mirabela MARIN National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry“Marin Dracea”(INCDS) Ilfov County077190Romania Wageningen University and Research Leeuwenborch BuildingWageningenKN6706the Netherlands Climate Service Center Germany(GERICS) Hamburg20095Germany CREAF Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions ForestalsCataloniaE08193Spain Institute for Sustainable Economic Development Department of Economics and Social SciencesUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesVienna1180Austria Transilvania University of Brașov Brasov500036Romania

The current challenges that society faces call for actions fostering climate change adaptation and long-term sustainability grounded in effective policies. Consequently, to raise environmental resilience and sustain human wellbeing, we need to overhaul the policy-making process towards a ‘holistic approach’. The nexus approach has proven a valuable tool for identifying gaps and incoherencies in current policies, for understanding major interlinkages across sectors and scales, and for promoting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Nevertheless, a ‘silo approach’ to decision making currently prevails, thus achieving cross-sectoral and cross-scale harmonization still remains a challenge in policy-making. In response to this challenge, the next step in the science–policy–practice interface is to integrate the nexus approach in the ‘climate services’ arena, in order to support integrated policies. Climate services embody a bridge between researchers and stakeholders, and by supporting integrated policies they will ensure synergies between sectors and scales, reduce potential trade-offs, and enable co-benefits.

关键词： Stakeholders Nexus Climate services Cross-sectoral policies Climate resilience

Mathematical Model of Embodied Symbols: Cognition and Perceptual Symbol System

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2012年第2期2卷 195-220页

作者： Leonid Perlovsky Roman ilin Air Force Research Laboratory Wright-Patterson Air Force Base Greene & Montgomery Ohio USA Harvard University Cambridge USA

A mathematical model of perceptual symbol system is developed. This development requires new mathematical methods of dynamic logic (DL), which have overcome limitations of classical artificial intelligence and connectionist approaches. The paper discusses these past limitations, relates them to combinatorial complexity (exponential explosion) of algorithms in the past, and relates it further to the static nature of classical logic. DL is a process-logic;its salient property is evolution of vague representations into crisp. We first consider one aspect of PSS: situation learning from object perceptions. Next DL is related to PSS mechanisms of concepts, simulators, grounding, embodiment, productiveity, binding, recursion, and to the mechanisms relating embodied-grounded and amodal symbols. We discuss DL capability for modeling cognition on multiple levels of abstraction. PSS is extended toward interaction between cognition and language. Experimental predictions of the theory are discussed. They might influence experimental psychology and impact future theoretical developments in cognitive science, including knowledge representation, and mechanisms of interaction between perception, cognition, and language. All mathematical equations are also discussed conceptually, so mathematical understanding is not required. Experimental evidence for DL and PSS in brain imaging is discussed as well as future research directions.

关键词： Perceptual Symbol System Embodied Cognition Perception Knowledge Representation Grounded Symbols Dynamic Logic

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可持续民俗时尚的商业计划书

可持续民俗时尚的商业计划书

作者： tudose,Olesea 上海外国语大学

学位级别：硕士

本文研究了服装产业的最新趋势和消费者的需求缺口。该研究的主要目的是明确时尚创业公司的战略举措,以确保其成功发展和盈利。该项目的想法是在发展中国家生产定制的服装和配件,并将其在线销售给发达国家的客户。这些产品的独特设计灵... 详细信息

本文研究了服装产业的最新趋势和消费者的需求缺口。该研究的主要目的是明确时尚创业公司的战略举措,以确保其成功发展和盈利。该项目的想法是在发展中国家生产定制的服装和配件,并将其在线销售给发达国家的客户。这些产品的独特设计灵感均来自于摩尔多瓦共和国和其他国家的传统饰品和文化遗产。本研究旨在将服装行业的创新方式和现代趋势相结合,调查了产品生产和销售的最佳市场,并确定目标客户,以及获得这些客户的方式。这项研究是基于一手和二手数据,如报告,统计,数据库,基准分析,调查等。这项研究表明日益增长的高级定制服装的需求,电子商务和创新的重要性,并展示了遵循以下趋势:如伦理,手工艺,慢时尚和民俗时尚等将获得的可持续性发展。它也证明,摩尔多瓦成为以英国为主的销售市场的加工地的原因,项目成功实施将带来如下利益,如推动发展中国家,特别是在摩尔多瓦共和国的的文化遗产项目,改善手工艺者及其家庭的生活水平,对环境和时尚产业产生积极的影响。

关键词：时尚产业文化遗产服饰电商可持续发展力

Superconducting single-photon detectors integrated with diamond nanophotonic circuits

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Light(Science & Applications) 2015年第1期4卷 171-178页

作者： Patrik Rath Oliver Kahl Simone Ferrari Fabian Sproll Georgia Lewes-Malandrakis Dietmar Brink Konstantin ilin Michael Siegel Christoph Nebel Wolfram Pernice Institute of Nanotechnology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology76021 KarlsruheGermany Institute of Micro-and Nanoelectronic Systems Karlsruhe Institute of Technology76187 KarlsruheGermany Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Solid State Physics Tullastr.7279108 FreiburgGermany

Photonic quantum technologies hold promise to repeat the success of integrated nanophotonic circuits in non-classical *** linear optical elements,quantum optical computations can be performed with integrated optical circuits and can therefore overcome the existing limitations in terms of *** addition to passive optical devices for realizing photonic quantum gates,active elements,such as single-photon sources and single-photon detectors,are essential ingredients for future optical quantum *** systems that allow for the monolithic integration of all components are particularly attractive,including III-V semiconductors,silicon and ***,we demonstrate nanophotonic integrated circuits made from high-quality polycrystalline diamond thin films in combination with on-chip single-photon *** using superconducting nanowires that are coupled evanescently to traveling waves,we achieve high detection efficiencies of up to 66%as well as low dark count rates and a timing resolution of 190 *** devices are fully scalable and hold promise for functional diamond photonic quantum devices.

关键词： diamond nanophotonics integrated optics superconducting single-photon detectors

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人工智能软件知识产权的规定

人工智能软件知识产权的规定

作者： Alexander ilin 中国政法大学

学位级别：硕士

本文分析如何在人工智能软件和人工智能相关发明领域运用现代法律原则对创新技术产品进行法律保护。其目的是了解哪些知识产权相关的法律制度为人工智能系统提供了最平衡的保护,并且在技术进步快速的背景下了解知识产权相关法律的发展... 详细信息

本文分析如何在人工智能软件和人工智能相关发明领域运用现代法律原则对创新技术产品进行法律保护。其目的是了解哪些知识产权相关的法律制度为人工智能系统提供了最平衡的保护,并且在技术进步快速的背景下了解知识产权相关法律的发展趋势。我们采取的角度是比较俄罗斯制度与其他知识产权制度的法规,特别是欧盟模式,并且考虑问题的技术方面的因素。信息产业知识产权的法律保护是一个模糊并复杂的问题。信息技术的快速发展和复杂性,以及法律制度的保守,造成法律规制的空白和漏洞,法律规制的不平衡会导致经济扭曲和技术进步的放缓。过度加强信息技术领域的专利制度保护反而会导致竞争弱化,而版权并不总是为软件代码及其相关对象提供充分的保护。随着传统上受版权保护的自动化领域的发展,越来越难以依赖创造性、独创性和作者性等版权类别。人工智能的脆弱性是一种模拟人类活动的某一个方面的技术,由特定编程语言(以及对象代码)执行的一组算法组成,并在硬件基础上运行。自动生成数据库、文本、音乐、图像等智力活动产品的能力,更显示出版权在新技术面前模糊的地位。数据库的自动创建会导致在其管理和保护中出现不受控制的过程。不断增长的控制不佳的数据流是欧盟限制个人数据保护政策生产(GDPR)的原因。对于数据制造商和消费者来说,这意味着数据的价值已经增加,因此基于深度学习算法的获取数据的机制需要更好的技术和法律保护。以“非创造性”的方式保护数据的经济合理性,产生了强有力的法律保护的合理性。从技术角度来看,人工智能是一种软件代码,通常在数据库上训练,能够模拟人类活动的某些方面。现代人工智能工具系统基于人工神经网络技术和深度学习方法。因此,法律保护的对象与常规软件的对象相似,尽管它们有自己的具体内容。特别是,对于基于深度学习技术创建的人工智能,我们有必要区分一个受过训练的网络和一个未受过训练的网络。换言之,这种人工智能的发展并没有结束于编写源代码及其后续编译的阶段。神经网络训练需要一个大型的数据库来训练神经网络。因此,神经网络的数据库是其结构的一个组成部分。另一方面,一些神经网络通过自动收集数据来生成数据库。因此,数据库既可以是神经网络的派生元素,也可以是神经网络的生成元素。因此,应注意两个不同的法律保护对象:受版权保护的数据库和受自成法保护的数据库。程序代码的功能表达二分法与著作权法和专利法的功能表达二分法相对应。保护思想和表达的困境需要特别关注。在这项研究中,强调将形式和内容的传统艺术概念应用于软件技术的复杂性是非常重要的。在形式和内容上,软件是一种具有功能基础的文本表达。对于版权制度,作者的个人创造性贡献仅与源代码(以及编译期间创建的目标代码)及其表达式有关,而任何软件(无论是否与人工智能相关)的主要任务主要是执行一个函数。但是,软件底层算法的独特组合不受版权保护,因此功能组件仍然不受保护的。俄罗斯联邦和欧盟的法律法规提出,专利不适用于软件和算法,尽管专利局又业务将软件(包括使用人工智能技术创建的软件)注册为软件和硬件解决方案。专利法对软件的适用在欧盟和俄罗斯的司法实践中发现了一种混合的反应。因此,专利的有效性变得有些不确定。此外,专利算法带来的经济风险可能导致IT竞争的破坏,同时也增加了小公司与专利控制者发生冲突的风险。在俄罗斯,像Yandex Corp.这样引进神经网络技术的IT巨头,尽管存在这种可能性,但往往拒绝为他们的开发申请专利,而宁愿通过保护商业秘密制度保护专利信息。这项研究倾向于概述其他知识产权制度,以及俄罗斯和欧洲,特别是美国和日本的知识产权法。主要是由于美国高度发达的知识产权法,以及美国技术公司在许多案件中的参与,以及美国司法实践在版权和专利法问题的发展方面具有丰富经验。在俄罗斯联邦和欧盟的法律体系中,没有人工智能或神经网络这样的术语,尽管欧盟于2016年发布了一份报告草案,并向大陆法委员会推荐了机器人规则,但该文件没有法律效力,尽管它对未来的人工智能立法的发展会产生影响。这项研究非常重视理论和学说,因为俄罗斯联邦和欧盟的立法者和法院在涉及知识产权的问题上,常常在侵犯数据库和代码版权的案例依赖法律学说。一些学者指出,人工智能技术需要一种新的理论的发展,以及立法上的重大变化,但是很难同意这种方法,因为有必要考虑到知识产权法立法领域的保守主义,而这一领域仍然主要基于19世纪的公约。本研究的结构既与当代人工智能系统的结构有关,也与知识产权法律制度的结构有关。技术和法律结构的整合反映在技术项目开发过程中产生知识产权的客体。这些客体的保护性取决于其生产过程中所涉及的智力活动的具体过程,以及它们在法律制度中的地位和审判期间的解释。俄罗斯版权制度是从欧洲大陆制度继承而来的,由于国际条约和法律法规的特殊性,俄罗斯在许多方面仍在努力遵循这一制度。尽管欧盟和俄罗斯联邦的法律制度不属于普通法,但法院正在形成

关键词：数据库目标代码知识产权源代码专利

Influence of Compound Mineral Fertilizers Produced by Different Technologies on Yield and Quality of Lettuce

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2014年第5期4卷 368-374页

作者： Stanka Prodanovic Darinka Bogdanovic Zarko ilin Maja Manojlovi Secondaly Agricultural Boarding School in Futog Futog 21410 Serbia Department for Field and Vegetable Crops Faculty of Agriculture University of Novi Sad Novi Sad 21000 Serbia

Overabundant and unbalanced input of nutritional elements to soil has a negative effect to the yield and quality of lettuce. Accumulation of nitrates and harmful effects of the chloride ion are the reasons why there is a need to establish an optimal quantity and relation of nutrients in lettuce nourishment. In the experiment which was carried out during years 2010 and 2011 on the farm of Secondary Agricultural Boarding School in Futog, nitrate content in a fresh mass of lettuce （mg NO3/kg） was obesrved, in dependence on applied compound fertilizers produced by different technologies at different quantities of nitrate and potassium fertilizers. The results of the research show that in a technological ripeness, the highest average lettuce yield has been obtained in the treatment where the highest dosage of nitrate fertilizers was used in spring, in a combination with complex fertilizers in autumn. The lowest average yield has been obtained on the control plot. The highest average nitrate concentration in a fresh lettuce mass has been recorded in using technology of applying mixed fertilizers and the smallest in using a technology of complex fertilizers. At the moment of harvest, the highest nitrogen content in a dry mass of a plant has been recorded when complex fertilizers of phosphorus and potassium were used by the technology of mixed fertilizers.

关键词： Soil nutritional elements nitrates lettuce yield.

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苏军平时药材供应新标准

国外医学（军事医学分册） 1989年第3期6卷 162-164页

作者： ilin.,GI 缪其宏

A quantum-chemical model of the inhibition mechanismof viral DNA HIV-1 replication by Iodine complexcompounds

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Natural Science 2011年第7期3卷 573-579页

作者： Gulnara A. Yuldasheva Georgii M. Zhidomirov Aleksandr I. ilin 不详

The interaction of molecular iodine with virus DNA nucleotide is studied by ab initio RHF/3-21G** method. Formation of the nucleoprotein complex of the HIV DNA, molecular iodine and the HIV-1 integrase co-factor is considered to cause the inhibition action of the integrase enzyme. Experimental data on the anti-HIV effect of the molecular iodine complex compounds and the results of calculations suggest that molecular iodine contained in iodine polymer complexes may be considered as a compound inhibiting the catalytic center of the integrase enzyme. Unlike the known integrase inhibitors, molecular iodine also changes the virus DNA structure and produces the N-I bond in the purine bases of adenosine and guanosine nucleotides.

关键词： HIV Integrase HIV Quantum-Chemical Method Ab Initio

Use of a Weight of Evidence Approach to Determine the Likelihood of Adverse Effects on Human Health from the Presence of Uranium Facilities in Port Hope, Ontario

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2011年第9期2卷 1149-1161页

作者： Julie Burtt Michael ilin Rachel Lane Patsy Thompson Marcelle Phaneuf Pascale Reinhardt 不详

The radium and uranium processing industry exists in Port Hope, Ontario, since 1932. Between 1932 and 1966, most of the waste material from these industries was deposited throughout the town. During these years, waste management practices did not prevent the spread of contamination. Several environmental and health studies have been conducted to assess the potential contamination effects in the Port Hope Community over the last 70 years. The current study used a weight of evidence approach to assess the types and levels of contaminants of concern in the environment, and the potential human exposure to these contaminants. Their toxicological and radio-toxicological properties were also assessed to determine their potential health effects. The results of these assessments were further compared to findings of earlier epidemiological studies of Port Hope residents and nuclear industry workers. The conclusions of this study indicated that: 1) Levels of exposure to radioactive and non-radioactive contaminants in Port Hope are below levels known to cause adverse health effects. 2) Epidemiological studies provide no evidence of health effects as a result of past and present activities of the Port Hope nuclear industries. 3) The environmental risk assessments and the epidemiological studies are consistent and support each other. 4) Port Hope’s findings are consistent with the results of over 40 epidemiological studies conducted elsewhere on populations living around similar facilities or exposed to similar environmental contaminants.

关键词： Uranium Radiation Cancer Environment