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Carbon footprint assessment for the waste management sector： A comparative analysis of China and Japan

Frontiers in Energy 2018年第3期12卷 400-410页

作者： Lu SUN Zhaoling LI Minoru FUJII Yasuaki HIJIOKA Tsuyoshi Fujita Department of Environment Systems Graduate School of FrontierSciences The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha Kashiwa-shiChiba 277-8563 Japan Center for Social and Environmental Systems Research NationalInstitute for Environmental Studies (NIES) 16-20nogawa TsukubaIbaraki 305-8506 Japan Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences University ofTsukuba Tsukuba lbaraki 305-8506 Japan

Waste management is becoming a crucial issue in modem society owing to rapid urbanization and the increasing generation of municipal solid waste （MSW）. This paper evaluates the carbon footprint of the waste management sector to identify direct and indirect carbon emissions, waste recycling carbon emission using a hybrid life cycle assessment and input-output analysis. China and Japan was selected as case study areas to highlight the effects of different industries on waste management. The results show that the life cycle carbon footprints for waste treatment are 59.01 million tons in China and 7.01 million tons in Japan. The gap between these footprints is caused by the different waste management systems and treatment processes used in the two countries. For indirect carbon footprints, China＇s material carbon footprint and deprecia- tion carbon footprint are much higher than those of Japan, whereas the purchased electricity and heat carbon footprint in China is half that of Japan. China and Japan have similar direct energy consumption carbon footprints. However, CO2 emissions from MSW treatment processes in China （46.46 million tons） is significantly higher than that in Japan （2.72 million tons）. The corresponding effects of waste recycling on CO2 emission reductions are consider- able, up to 181.37 million tons for China and 96.76 million tons for Japan. Besides, measures were further proposed for optimizing waste management systems in the two countries. In addition, it is argued that the advanced experience that developed countries have in waste management issues can provide scientific support for waste treatment in developing countries such as China.

关键词： waste management waste recycling carbon footprint hybrid LCA

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Responding to the Paris Climate Agreement： global climate change mitigation efforts

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Frontiers in Energy 2018年第3期12卷 333-337页

作者： Yong GENG Tsuyoshi Fujita Anthony CHIU Hancheng DAI Han HAO School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China China Institute for UrbanGovernance Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200030 China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200092 China National Institute for Environmental Studies Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8506 Japan Gokongwei College of Engineering De La Salle University Manila1004 the Philippines College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking UniversityBeijing 100871 China State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

Since the Paris Climate Agreement was adopted by consensus in December 2015, the global society has made various efforts to respond to this Agreement. The essential element of the Paris Climate Agreement is the so-called Nationally Determined Contributions （NDCs）, specifying the long-term greenhouse gas （GHG） reduc- tion targets beyond 2020. Unlike the different legal obligations of developed and developing countries specified in the precedent Kyoto Protocol, the NDCs under the Paris Climate Agreement apply equally to all countries. All the signed countries were asked to submit their Intended Nationally Determined Contributions （INDCs） before the 2015 Paris Climate Summit, which serve, unless otherwise provided, as the initial NDCs after the ratification of the Agreement.

关键词： Paris (Melanthiaceae) Paris France Climate reduction of gas emissions climate change climate change mitigation

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从模拟高放射废液中电化学回收钯和银

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2022年第3期32卷 1031-1040页

作者：王友彬邹睿韦悦周 tsuyoshi ARAI Toyohisa fujita 广西大学资源环境与材料学院南宁530004 广西大学广西有色金属及特色材料加工重点实验室南宁530004 Department of Material Science and Engineering Shibaura Institute of TechnologyTokyo 3-9-14Japan

为从高放射废液(HLLW)中回收钯和银,采用循环伏安法和恒电位沉积法研究钯和银在模拟硝酸溶液中的电化学行为。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)观察沉积产物的形貌并分析其组成。结果表明,在单独电沉积银时亚硝酸根的生成促... 详细信息

为从高放射废液(HLLW)中回收钯和银,采用循环伏安法和恒电位沉积法研究钯和银在模拟硝酸溶液中的电化学行为。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)观察沉积产物的形貌并分析其组成。结果表明,在单独电沉积银时亚硝酸根的生成促进银的溶解。当同时电沉积钯和银时,相同时间内更多金属被沉积,且沉积的银没有再出现溶解。在-0.4~-0.6 V (vs MSE)的电位下,溶液中的金属被完全电沉积回收,沉积物组成为银和氢化钯。钯的电沉积可以促进析氢,随后加速亚硝酸根和氢气之间的反应,使溶液中的亚硝酸浓度降低,从而抑制银的再溶解。

关键词：电沉积金属回收亚硝酸生成促进作用形貌特性

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Proliferation of district heating using local energy resources through strategic building-stock management： A case study in Fukushima, Japan

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Frontiers in Energy 2018年第3期12卷 411-425页

作者： Yi DOU Keijiro OKUOKA Minoru FUJII Hiroki TANIKAWA Tsuyoshi Fujita Takuya TOGAWA Liang DONG Center for Social and Environmental Systems Research NationalInstitute for Environmental Studies (NIES) 16-20nogawa TsukubaIbaraki 305-8506 Japan Graduate School of Environmental Studies Nagoya University Furo-cho Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8601 Japan Graduate School of Environmental Studies Nagoya University Furocho Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8601 Japan Center for Social and Environmental Systems Research NationalInstitute for Environmental Studies (NIES) 16-20nogawa TsukubaIbaraki 305-8506 Japan Fukushima Branch National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES)10-2 Fukasaku Miharu-machi Tamura-gun Fukushima 963-7707Japan Center for Social and Environmental Systems Research NationalInstitute for Environmental Studies (NIES) 16-2 Onogawa TsukubaIbaraki 305-8506 Japan CML Leiden University Leiden the Nether-lands

District heating systems using cogeneration technology and renewable resources are considered as an effective approach to resources conservation and reduction of greenhouse gas （GHG） emissions. However, wide- spread aging and depopulation problems, as well as the popularization of energy-saving technologies in buildings, are estimated to greatly decrease energy consumption, leading to inefficiency in district heating and barriers to technology proliferation. From a long-term perspective, land use changes, especially the progression of compact city plans, have the potential to offset the decrement in energy consumption that maintains the efficiency of district heating systems. An integrated model is developed in this paper based on building cohort analysis to evaluate the economic feasibility and environmental impact of introdu- cing district heating systems to a long-term compact city plan. As applied to a case in the Soma Region of Fukushima, Japan, potential migration from the suburbs to the central station districts is simulated, where district heating based on gas-fired cogeneration is expected to be introduced. The results indicate that guided migration to produce concentrated centers of population can substan- tially increase the heat demand density, which supports a wider application of district heating systems and better low-carbon performance. These results are further dis- cussed in relation to technology innovation and related policies. It is concluded that policies related to urban land use planning and energy management should be integrated and quantitatively evaluated over the long-term with the aim of supporting urban low-carbon sustainable develop- ment.

关键词： building stock compact city district beating energy use Fukushima

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Expert networks as science-policy interlocutors in the implementation of a monitoring reporting and verification （MRV） system

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Frontiers in Energy 2018年第3期12卷 376-388页

作者： Remi CHANDRAN Tsuyoshi Fujita Minoru FUJII Shuichi ASHINA Kei GOMI Rizaldi BOER Muhammad ARDIANSYAH Seiya MAKI Center for Social and Environmental System Research National Institutefor Environmental Studies Tsukuba Japan Centre for Climate Risk and Opportunity Management in Southeast Asiaand Pacific (CCROM-SEAP) Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)Bogor Indonesia

The Paris Agreement, which entered into effect in 2016, emphasizes a definite timeline for communicating and maintaining successive nationally determined con- tributions （NDCs） that it plans to achieve in addressing climate change. This calls for the development of a measurement, reporting and verification （MRV） system and a Capacity-building Initiative for Transparency （CBIT）. Though such actions are universally accepted by the Parties to the Paris Agreement, earlier studies have shown that there remain technological, social, political and financial constrains which will affect the development and deployment of such a system. In this paper, using a case study on MRV implementation in Bogor City in Indonesia, how the above-mentioned challenges can be overcome is outlined through a technological and policy innovation process where scientists and technologists （collectively referred as expert networks） can join hands with local governments and national policy makers in designing, development and implementation of an MRV system that meets the local, national and global requirements. Through the case study it is further observed that expert networks can act as interactive knowledge generators and policy interlocutors in bridging technology with policy. To be specific, first, a brief history of the international context of MRV and CBIT is outlined. Next, the theoretical under- pinning of the study is contextualized within the existing theories related to public policy and international relations. Finally, the case study is outlined and investigated where the engagement of an expert-network and policy makers in the design, development and implementation of an MRV tool is showcased.

关键词： MRV CBIT UNFCCC Indonesia Japan ICT based monitoring climate policy

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Benefits of international trauma rotation in South Africa:comparison with a trauma center in Tokyo

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Emergency and Critical Care Medicine 2022年第4期2卷 179-180页

作者： tsuyoshi Nagao Shinji Nakahara Takashi fujita Tetsuya Sakamoto Elmin Steyn Department of Emergency Medicine Teikyo University School of MedicineTokyoJapan Graduate School of Health Innovation Kanagawa University of Human ServicesKawasakiJapan Department of surgery Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg HospitalCape TownSouth Africa.

International rotations have been an option for young surgeons who face difficulties in obtaining sufficient trauma training in their own countries.One of the authors attended training in trauma surgery in South Africa for 6 months,where there are many trauma caseloads,and could experience the number of emergency operations equivalent to approximately 5 years in Japan.The rotation allows trainees to expose clinical practices intensively and to learn principles and theories of care under experienced academic surgeons.On the other hand,they could contribute to the host hospital as part of the workforce and by assisting young surgical residents.the development of a more systematic and formalized framework for staff exchange between developed and developing countries will provide mutual benefits to both sides.

关键词： Low-and middle-income countries On-the-job training Trauma surgery

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Employing electricity-consumption monitoring systems and integrative time-series analysis models： A case study in Bogor, Indonesia

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Frontiers in Energy 2018年第3期12卷 426-439页

作者： Seiya MAKI Shuichi ASHINA Minoru FUJII Tsuyoshi Fujita Norio YABE Kenji UCHIDA Gito GINTING Rizaldi BOER Remi CHANDRAN National Institute for Environmental Studies Tsukuba city Ibaraki 305-8506 Japan Fujitsu Company Chiba city 261-8588 Chiba Japan Bogor Agricultural University (IPB) JI Pajajaran No. 1 Bogor West Java16143 Indonesia

The Paris Agreement calls for maintaining a global temperature less than 2℃ above the pre-industrial level and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase even further to 1.5℃. To realize this objective and promote a low-carbon society, and because energy production and use is the largest source of global greenhouse-gas （GHG） emissions, it is important to efficiently manage energy demand and supply systems. This, in turn, requires theoretical and practical research and innovation in smart energy monitoring technologies, the identification of appropriate methods for detailed time-series analysis, and the application of these technologies at urban and national scales. Further, because developing countries contribute increasing shares of domestic energy consumption, it is important to consider the application of such innovations in these areas. Motivated by the mandates set out in global agreements on climate change and low-carbon societies, this paper focuses on the development of a smart energy monitoring system （SEMS） and its deployment in house- holds and public and commercial sectors in Bogor, Indonesia. An electricity demand prediction model is developed for each device using the Auto-Regression eXogenous model. The real-time SEMS data and time- series clustering to explore similarities in electricity consumption patterns between monitored units, such as residential, public, and commercial buildings, in Bogor is, then, used. These clusters are evaluated using peak demand and Ramadan term characteristics. The resulting energy- prediction models can be used for low-carbon planning.

关键词： electricity monitoring electricity demandprediction multiple-variable time-series modeling time-series cluster analysis Indonesia

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Cutting Characteristics of Duplex Stainless Cast Steel X2CrNiMoN25-7-3

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Journal of Mechanics Engineering and Automation 2017年第6期7卷 300-306页

作者： Masahiro Hagino Akihiro Takemura Tsuyoshi Fujita Hiroshi Usuki Akihiko Ikuta The Department of Integrated Science and Technology National Institute of Technology Tsuyama College Tsuyama 708-8509 Japan The Department of Mechanical Engineering National Institute of Technology Yonago College Yonago 683-8502 Japan The Department of Interdisciplinary Faeulty of Science and Engineering Shimane University Matsue 690-8504 Japan The Department of Mechanical Engineering Kindai University Higashihiroshima 739-2116 Japan

因为它有优秀 pitting 腐蚀抵抗， X2CrNiMoN25-7-3 双不锈钢对象海水那样的包含氯化物的环境合适。双纯洁的演员组钢经常被用来在关节提供部分几何学的复杂性。然而，在扔以后用机器制造是不可缺少的。这研究评估了纯洁的演员组钢的切... 详细信息

因为它有优秀 pitting 腐蚀抵抗， X2CrNiMoN25-7-3 双不锈钢对象海水那样的包含氯化物的环境合适。双纯洁的演员组钢经常被用来在关节提供部分几何学的复杂性。然而，在扔以后用机器制造是不可缺少的。这研究评估了纯洁的演员组钢的切的特征。优势的粘附在高切速度，而是工具是弱的穿大。在细工品和工具边之间的散开和反应被调查。内部散开的忽视和一个反应阶段被观察，但是契约能力是低的。

关键词：双不锈钢 sintered 碳化物工具金属陶瓷工具马赫无能纯洁的演员组钢粘附

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Factors associated with residual gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms in patients receiving proton pump inhibitor maintenance therapy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第11期23卷 2060-2067页

作者： Fumiaki Kawara Tsuyoshi Fujita Yoshinori Morita Atsushi Uda Atsuhiro Masuda Masaya Saito Makoto Ooi Tsukasa Ishida Yasuyuki Kondo Shiei Yoshida Tatsuya Okuno Yoshihiko Yano Masaru Yoshida Hiromu Kutsumi Takanobu Hayakumo Kazuhiko Yamashita Takeshi Hirano Midori Hirai Takeshi Azuma Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal MedicineKobe University Graduate School of Medicine Department of Pharmacy Kobe University Hospital

AIM To elucidate the factors associated with residual gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) symptoms in patients receiving proton pump inhibitor(PPI) maintenance therapy in clinical practice.METHODS The study included 39 GERD patients receiving maintenance PPI therapy. Residual symptoms were assessed using the Frequency Scale for Symptoms of GERD(FSSG) questionnaire and the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale(GSRS). The relationships between the FSSG score and patient background factors, including the CYP2C19 genotype, were analyzed.RESULTS The FSSG scores ranged from 1 to 28 points(median score: 7.5 points), and 19 patients(48.7%) had a score of 8 points or more. The patients' GSRS scores were significantly correlated with their FSSG scores(correlation coefficient = 0.47, P < 0.005). In erosive esophagitis patients, the FSSG scores of the CYP2C19 rapid metabolizers(RMs) were significantly higher than the scores of the poor metabolizers and intermediate metabolizers(total scores: 16.7 ± 8.6 vs 7.8 ± 5.4, P < 0.05; acid reflux-related symptom scores: 12 ± 1.9 vs 2.5 ± 0.8, P < 0.005). In contrast, the FSSG scores of the CYP2C19 RMs in the non-erosive reflux disease patients were significantly lower than those of the other patients(total scores: 5.5 ± 1.0 vs 11.8 ± 6.3, P < 0.05; dysmotility symptom-related scores: 1.0 ± 0.4 vs 6.0 ± 0.8, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Approximately half of the GERD patients receiving maintenance PPI therapy had residual symptoms associated with a lower quality of life, and the CYP2C19 genotype appeared to be associated with these residual symptoms.

关键词： Gastroesophageal reflux disease CYP2C19 FSSG Residual symptoms Proton pump inhibitor

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Assessing optimal Roux-en-Y reconstruction technique after total gastrectomy using the Postgastrectomy Syndrome Assessment Scale-45

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2022年第5期13卷 376-387页

作者： Masami Ikeda Masashi Yoshida Norio Mitsumori tsuyoshi Etoh Chikashi Shibata Masanori Terashima Junya fujita Kazuaki Tanabe Nobuhiro Takiguchi Atsushi Oshio Koji Nakada Department of Surgery Asama General HospitalNagano 385-8558Japan Department of Surgery International University of Health and Welfare HospitalTochigi 329-2763Japan Department of Surgery The Jikei University School of MedicineTokyo 105-8461Japan Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Oita UniversityOita 879-5593Japan Department of Surgery Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversityMiyagi 983-8512Japan Division of Gastric Surgery Shizuoka Cancer CenterShizuoka411-8777Japan Department of Surgery Yao Municipal HospitalOsaka 581-0069Japan Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery Institute of Biomedical and Health SciencesHiroshima UniversityHiroshima 734-8551Japan Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Chiba Cancer CenterChiba 260-8717Japan Faculty of Letters Arts and SciencesWaseda UniversityTokyo 162-8644Japan Department of Laboratory Medicine The Jikei University School of MedicineTokyo 105-8461Japan

BACKGROUND Following a total gastrectomy,patients suffer the most severe form of postgastrectomy syndrome.This is a significant clinical problem as it reduces quality of life(QOL).Roux-en-Y reconstruction,which is regarded as the gold standard for post-total gastrectomy reconstruction,can be performed using various techniques.Although the technique used could affect postoperative QOL,there are no previous reports regarding the same.AIM To investigate the effect of different techniques on postoperative QOL.The data was collected from the registry of the postgastrectomy syndrome assessment study(PGSAS).METHODS In the present study,we analyzed 393 total gastrectomy patients from those enrolled in PGSAS.Patients were divided into groups depending on whether antecolic or retrocolic jejunal elevation was performed,whether the Roux limb was“40 cm”,“shorter”(≤39 cm),or“longer”(≥41 cm),and whether the device used for esophageal and jejunal anastomosis was a circular or linear stapler.Subsequently,we comparatively investigated postoperative QOL of the patients.RESULTS Reconstruction route:Esophageal reflux subscale(SS)occurred significantly less frequently in patients who underwent antecolic reconstruction.Roux limb length:“Shorter”Roux limb did not facilitate esophageal reflux SS and somewhat attenuated indigestion SS and abdominal pain SS.Anastomosis technique:In terms of esophagojejunostomy techniques,no differences were observed.CONCLUSION The techniques used for total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction significantly affected postoperative symptoms.Our results suggest that elevating the Roux limb,which is not overly long,through an antecolic route may improve patients’QOL.

关键词： Total gastrectomy Roux-en-Y Postgastrectomy syndrome Quality of life Postgastrectomy Syndrome Assessment Scale-45

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