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Molecular phylogenetic relationships of Eastern Asian Cyprinidae(Pisces:Cypriniformes)inferred from cytochrome b sequences

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2004年第2期47卷 130-138页

作者： Masayuki Kuwahara tsuneo nakajima Lake Biwa Museum 1091 Oroshimo Kusatsu Shiga 525 JapanLake Biwa Museum 1091 Oroshimo Kusatsu Shiga 525 Japan

Complete mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences of 54 species, including 18 newly sequenced, were analyzed to infer the phylogenetic relationships within the family Cyprinidae in East Asia. Phylogenetic trees were generated using various tree-building methods, including Neighbor-joining (NJ), Maximum Parsimony (MP) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) methods, with Myxocyprinus asiaticus (family Catostomidae) as the designated outgroup. The results from NJ and ML methods were mostly similar, supporting some existing subfamilies within Cyprinidae as monophyletic, such as Cultrinae, Xenocyprinae and Gobioninae (including Gobiobotinae). How-ever, genera within the subfamily 揇anioninae?did not form a monophyletic group. The subfamily Leuciscinae was divided into two unrelated groups: the Leuciscinae in East Asia forming as a monophyletic group together with Cultrinae and Xenocyprinae, while the Leuciscinae in Europe, Siberia, and North America as another monophyletic group. The monophyly of subfamily Cy-prininae sensu Howes was supported by NJ and ML trees and is basal in the tree. The position of Acheilognathinae, a widely accepted monophyletic group represented by Rhodeus sericeus, was not resolved.

关键词： Cyprinidae, cytochrome b, molecular phylogeny, Pisces.

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基于细胞色素b基因序列的鲤科鱼类系统发育研究(鱼纲:鲤形目)

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中国科学（C辑） 2004年第1期34卷 96-104页

作者：何舜平刘焕章陈宜瑜 Masayuki Kuwahara tsuneo nakajima 钟扬中国科学院水生生物研究所武汉430072 Lake Biwa Museum 1091 0mshimoKusatsuShiga 525Japan 复旦大学生命科学院教育部生物多样性与生态工程重点实验室上海200433

鲤科是鱼类最大的科,在中国淡水鱼类组成中鲤科鱼类的成分占一半以上.鲤科鱼类的演化过程代表了东亚淡水鱼类的整体演化过程.为探讨东亚鲤科鱼类系统发育关系,共分析了包括18种新测序列在内的54种鲤科鱼类细胞色素b基因的全序列.分析的... 详细信息

鲤科是鱼类最大的科,在中国淡水鱼类组成中鲤科鱼类的成分占一半以上.鲤科鱼类的演化过程代表了东亚淡水鱼类的整体演化过程.为探讨东亚鲤科鱼类系统发育关系,共分析了包括18种新测序列在内的54种鲤科鱼类细胞色素b基因的全序列.分析的物种涵盖了鲤科鱼类的12个亚科并对问题较多的(鱼丹)亚科(Danioninae)和雅罗鱼亚科(Leuciscinae)进行了广泛的采样.系统发育树的建立使用了多种方法,包括邻接法、最大简约法和最大似然法.亚口鱼科(Catostomidae)的胭脂鱼(Myxocyprinus asiaticus)被指定为外类群,3种方法所得结果非常相似,并支持一些亚科的单系性,如鲌亚科(Cultrinae)、鲴亚科(Xenocyprinae)、鮈亚科(Gobioninae)(包括鳅鸵亚科Gobiobotinae).从分子水平上证明(鱼丹)亚科不是一个单系类群,雅罗鱼亚科被分为两个互不相关的类群;东亚雅罗鱼群与鲌亚科和鲴亚科形成一单系类群;而欧洲、西伯利亚、北美的雅罗鱼形成另一个单系群.Howes所定义的鲤亚科在NJ树和ML树中得到有力的支持并位于系统树的基部.高体鳑皱(Rhodeus sericeus)代表的鳑鮍亚科的系统位置没有得到解决.显示鲤科鱼类可分为3个大的类群并与其3个进化阶段相对应:老第三纪类群包含(鱼丹)亚科的东南亚种类和Howes的鲤亚科;

关键词：细胞色素 b基因序列鲤科发育鱼纲分子系统学

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河南省舞阳县贾湖遗址出土的鲤科鱼类咽齿研究

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第四纪研究 2015年第1期35卷 192-198页

作者：中岛经夫吕鹏张居中中岛美智代模林启介袁靖日本冈山理科大学生物地球学部生物地球学科日本冈山700-0005 中国社会科学院考古研究所北京100710 中国科学技术大学科技史与科技考古系合肥230026 日本爱媛大学东亚古代铁文化研究中心日本松山790-8577

本文对贾湖遗址出土的鲤科鱼类进行了研究,发现有11种可以确定到属或种的鲤科鱼类.现在生存在中国南方的鲤科鱼类在贾湖遗址的出土,证明当时这个地区的气候比现在要温暖.这些鲤科鱼类是当时居住在贾湖遗址的先民有选择性地进行捕捞的.... 详细信息

本文对贾湖遗址出土的鲤科鱼类进行了研究,发现有11种可以确定到属或种的鲤科鱼类.现在生存在中国南方的鲤科鱼类在贾湖遗址的出土,证明当时这个地区的气候比现在要温暖.这些鲤科鱼类是当时居住在贾湖遗址的先民有选择性地进行捕捞的.该研究有助于推进考古遗址出土鱼类遗存的动物考古学研究.

关键词：贾湖遗址鲤科动物考古学

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Respiratory Changes in the Superior Vena Cava Area on Inspiratory and Expiratory Chest CT: Comparison between Patients with COPD and with Bronchial Asthma

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Open Journal of Medical Imaging 2016年第4期6卷 123-134页

作者： Akiyuki Kotoku Shin Matsuoka tsuneo Yamashiro Shoichiro Matsushita Atsuko Fujikawa Hayato Tomita Kunihiro Yagihashi Yasuo nakajima Department of Radiology Graduate School of Medical Science University of the Ryukyus Nishihara Town Japan Department of Radiology St. Marianna University School of Medicine Kawasaki City Japan

Purpose: In patients with obstructive lung diseases, alteration of intrathoracic pressure is closely related to hyperinflation and leads to hemodynamic impairments. Both intrathoracic pressure and hemodynamics are affected by the respiratory phase. In fact, a previous study showed that respiratory phasic variations in the superior vena cava (SVC) area significantly correlated with the extent of emphysema. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and bronchial asthma manifest different pathophysiological changes in hyperinflation and hemodynamics. The current study was conducted to evaluate differences in respiratory variations in the cross-sectional area of the SVC between patients with COPD and with asthma. Materials and Methods: We measured the SVC area and calculated the ratio of the SVC area on inspiratory and expiratory scans (i/e-SVC ratio) in 66 patients with COPD and 16 patients with asthma. The cor-relations of the i/e-SVC ratios with airflow limitation, pulmonary small vessels less than 5 mm2 (%cross-sectional area [%CSA] < 5), and respiratory changes in lung volume (i/e-LV) obtained by inspiratory and expiratory computed tomography (CT) images were evaluated. Results: There was no significant difference in i/e-SVC ratio between COPD and asthma groups. In COPD patients, the i/e-SVC ratio significantly correlated with the %CSA ﹣0.433, P = 0.003), i/e-LV ratio (ρ = ﹣0.371, P = 0.011), and percent of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1% predicted) (ρ = ﹣0.474, P = 0.001), whereas in asthma patients, there were no significant correlations between the i/e-SVC ratio and those functional parameters. Conclusion: There would be differences in the relationship between intrathoracic pressure and cardiopulmonary hemodynamics between COPD and asthma patients.

关键词： Computed Tomography Hyperinflation Hemodynamics Intrathoracic Pressure Expiration COPD Asthma

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Optimal Minimum Number of CT Slices Required to Measure Cross Sectional Areas of Small Pulmonary Vessels

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Open Journal of Medical Imaging 2015年第2期5卷 71-77页

作者： Shingo Sakamoto Shoichiro Matsushita Akiyuki Kotoku Hayato Tomita Yuki Saito Shinji Saruya Shin Matsuoka tsuneo Yamashiro Atsuko Fujikawa Kunihiro Yagihashi Yasuo nakajima Department of Radiology St. Marianna University School of Medicine Kawasaki Japan Department of Radiology Graduate School of Medical Science University of the Ryukyus Nishihara Japan

The cross-sectional area (CSA) of small pulmonary vessels can be quantified by CT, which is a reliable method of evaluating vascular alterations in such vessels. However, the optimal number of slices required for accurate quantitation remains unknown. We evaluated relationships among all slices at 10-mm interval and all slices at 3-cm interval, 6-cm interval, and 3-slices and found the closest correlation (0.939) between all slices at 10-mm intervals and 3-cm intervals. Thus, all slices at 3-cm intervals are suitable for accurately measuring CSA.

关键词： Computed Tomography Cross-Sectional Area Pulmonary Vessels Quantitative Analysis

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Quantitative Assessment of Air Trapping Using Inspiratory and Expiratory Low-Dose Computed Tomography

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Open Journal of Medical Imaging 2015年第4期5卷 199-203页

作者： Yuki Saito Shin Matsuoka tsuneo Yamashiro Shoichiro Matsushita Akiyuki Kotoku Kunihiro Yagihashi Hayato Tomita Shingo Sakamoto Shinji Saruya Yasuo nakajima Department of Radiology St. Marianna University School of Medicine Kawasaki Japan Department of Radiology Graduate School of Medical Science University of the Ryukyus Nishihara Japan

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of radiation dose reduction on the quantification of air trapping on expiratory CT. Materials and methods: This study was conducted as a retrospective evaluation of inspiratory and expiratory CT studies performed in routine clinical practice before and after alteration of the scanning protocol for expiratory CT at our institute. Eighty-six patients who had a clinical diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and underwent inspiratory and expiratory CT and pulmonary function testing (PFT) were included. For the quantitative analysis, CT scans were obtained at six evenly spaced levels from the lung apices to the bases. The area of segmented lung without emphysema between -500 to -950 HU was obtained from the summation of six slices. The relative area between -900 and -950 HU for the area of the segmented lung (RA900-950) was calculated on both the inspiratory and expiratory scans. Comparisons of the RA-change between the standard-dose group (200 mA) and the low-dose group (80 mA) were performed by Mann-Whitney U test. Results: There was no significant difference between the standard-dose group and the low-dose group in the mean RA-change, and RA-change in both the standard-dose and low-dose groups correlated significantly with the results of PFT. In addition, there were no prominent differences in the correlation coefficients between the two groups. Conclusions: Low-dose CT could evaluate air trapping objectively and was not inferior to standard-dose CT for this purpose.

关键词： Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Emphysema Air Trapping Computed Tomography Quantification

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