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国外医学（卫生经济分册） 1991年第4期8卷 39-41页

作者： Hsiao wc 施荣根

美国为了有效地控制老年医疗保险制度费用的上涨,研制了一种新的付费方法,即“按资源投入为基准的相对价值费用率”(Resource Based Related Value,RBRVS)方案。本文叙述了该方案的制定过程及其影响。

关键词：医生服务费成本医疗服务制度

Particle monitoring techniques for water treatment applications

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 1999年第3期11卷 328-333页

作者： John Gregory Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University College London, Gower St, London wc1E 6BT, UK University College London 英国

A simple optical technique based on fluctuations in light transmitted through flowing suspensions has proved useful in two distinct water treatment applications. The first of these is the monitoring and control of coagulation/flocculation processes, where information on optimum coagulant dosages as well as on the dynamics of floc formation can be derived. The method is suitable for a very wide range of particle concentrations, up to levels found in highly turbid river waters. The second application is as a very sensitive monitor of particles in filtered water. Such monitoring can help to ensure the effective removal of pathogens such as Cryptosporidium from drinking water. Brief accounts of these techniques are given, together with some examples of their use.

关键词： Cryptosporidium coagulation flocculation fluctuations monitoring particles water treatment.

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确立RBRVS为目的的医生劳动的估算

国外医学（卫生经济分册） 1992年第2期9卷 89-93页

作者： Hsiao wc 施荣根

本文研制出按资源投入为基准的相对价值费用率(RBRVS),藉以替代基于医生服务收费的支付制度。医生资源投入包括:1.每项服务中医生的劳动投入总量;2.医疗成本(含治疗失当保险费);3.专科训练成本。综合这三种因素,制定出非货币单位的相对... 详细信息

本文研制出按资源投入为基准的相对价值费用率(RBRVS),藉以替代基于医生服务收费的支付制度。医生资源投入包括:1.每项服务中医生的劳动投入总量;2.医疗成本(含治疗失当保险费);3.专科训练成本。综合这三种因素,制定出非货币单位的相对价值费用率。在此,我们对定义、估算医生劳动的过程进行了描述。本项研究提出两个问题:何为每项服务中的医生劳动?能否可靠、有效地对医生劳动进行估算?结论是:医生劳动包含四个部分,即时间、脑力劳动和判断、专业技能和体力劳动、以及心理压力。通过对四个部分加以全面考虑,医生在其专科范围内可直接估算其服务的相对劳动量,而且此种估算值具有高度的再现性、一致性,并因此可能具备有效性。

关键词：医生劳动相对价值费用

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恶性胶质瘤的基因治疗现状(英文)

第二军医大学学报 2004年第1期25卷 96-100页

作者：陈志刚 Broaddus wc 朱诚第二军医大学长征医院神经外科上海市神经外科研究所上海200003 Department of Neurosurgery

目前胶质瘤仍然是一个难以治愈的恶性疾病。近 2 0年来 ,尽管在临床上对胶质瘤已经有了一系列积极的综合治疗措施 ,但胶质瘤患者的死亡率仍高踞不下。随着医学分子生物学技术的发展 ,有关胶质瘤基因治疗的实验研究已经取得了令人振奋的... 详细信息

目前胶质瘤仍然是一个难以治愈的恶性疾病。近 2 0年来 ,尽管在临床上对胶质瘤已经有了一系列积极的综合治疗措施 ,但胶质瘤患者的死亡率仍高踞不下。随着医学分子生物学技术的发展 ,有关胶质瘤基因治疗的实验研究已经取得了令人振奋的有一定价值的实验结果 ,并已经过渡到进行临床期研究。但在胶质瘤基因治疗的动物实验和临床研究中仍然会遇到有关有效性问题 ,因此如何有效地克服阻碍基因治疗的一些屏障和尽可能最大程度地发挥基因治疗的生物学治疗作用是一个重大的研究课题。为了更好和全面地了解目前所开展的胶质瘤基因治疗工作情况。

关键词：恶性胶质瘤基因治疗综述动物实验

Towards the solution of urban transport problems in China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 1999年第3期11卷 334-338页

作者： Roger Mackett Centre for Transport Studies, University College London, Gower Street, London, wc1E 6BT, UK University College London 英国

The number of cars is increasing rapidly in most cities around the world including those in China. Access to a car increases the range of opportunities available and confers status. The construction of cars can also be a major contributor to a national economy and provide many jobs. However, mass car ownership brings many problems including environmental damage, resource depletion, congestion and inequality. In this paper the nature of urban transport problems in general is examined, and then the extent to which these are applicable in Chinese cities is considered. Then the future of transport in such cities is considered using some projections by the World Bank. It is shown that the problems will become much worse if no policy intervention occurs, but even with significant investment, the quality of the environment will deteriorate.

关键词： transport China Beijing cars policy cities.

地西泮-聚羟基丁酸酯-羟基戊酸酯共聚物缓释微球制备与性质

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中国药学杂志 2000年第4期35卷 244-246页

作者：陈建海 Washinton wc 陈志良许重远第一军医大学南方医院药学部广州510515 Department of Pharmaceutical Science Nottingham University

目的 :探索以新型生物可降解材料聚羟基丁酸酯羟基戊酸酯共聚物 (PHBV)为载体的地西泮药物中长期缓释微球制备工艺 ;方法 :以溶剂蒸发法制备微球 ,用扫描电镜SEM观察微球表面及内部横断面形态结构 ;结果 :微球的平均粒径为 3 0 .5μm ... 详细信息

目的 :探索以新型生物可降解材料聚羟基丁酸酯羟基戊酸酯共聚物 (PHBV)为载体的地西泮药物中长期缓释微球制备工艺 ;方法 :以溶剂蒸发法制备微球 ,用扫描电镜SEM观察微球表面及内部横断面形态结构 ;结果 :微球的平均粒径为 3 0 .5μm ,平均载药量 (1 8.66± 0 .2 3 ) % ,包封率 (80 .85± 1 .0 1 ) %。体外释放第一天呈突释效应 ,而后药物释放基本符合零级动力学过程 .其释放曲线方程为 Q =2 0 .55+ 2 .3 99t,r=0 .9569;结论 :开发与研制PHBV为载体的中长期缓释微球具有较好应用前景。

关键词：缓释微球地西泮 PHBV 可降解材料

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全身性原虫感染的预防和治疗

国外医学（寄生虫病分册） 1991年第4期18卷 151-154页

作者： Van Voorhis wc 郑玲霞

原虫感染的治疗和预防需依据不同的发病率,疾病的自然过程,复发的可能性,药物的毒性和疗效以及原虫的生活史和传播途径采取不同的策略。现从上述几个方面概述卡氏肺孢子虫、弓形虫、利什曼原虫、非洲锥虫以及美洲锥虫感染的预防及治疗进... 详细信息

原虫感染的治疗和预防需依据不同的发病率,疾病的自然过程,复发的可能性,药物的毒性和疗效以及原虫的生活史和传播途径采取不同的策略。现从上述几个方面概述卡氏肺孢子虫、弓形虫、利什曼原虫、非洲锥虫以及美洲锥虫感染的预防及治疗进展,并对各种药物的作用方式、适应症、给药方法、疗效和毒性加以讨论。

关键词：全身性原虫感染预防

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人类免疫缺陷病毒-1型感染的分子生物学

国外医学（微生物学分册） 1991年第5期14卷 209-212页

作者： Greene wc 曾酶麟

迄今,对人类免疫缺陷病毒-1型(HIV-1)的研究已取得了很大进展。本文综述有关HIV-1感染的分子生物学,重点集中在阻断逆转录病毒生活周期有明显作用的时期,如病毒颗粒的吸附和摄入,逆转录和整合,基因表达,病毒颗粒的形成等。

关键词：免疫缺陷病毒分子生物学感染

Validation of the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children(PAQ-C) among Chinese Children

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2016年第3期29卷 177-186页

作者： WANG Jing Jing BARANOWSKI Tom LAU wc Patrick CHEN Tzu An PITKETHLY Amanda Jane Department of Physical Education Faculty of Social Sciences Hong Kong Baptist University Children's Nutrition Research Center Department of Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine

Objective This study initially validates the Chinese version of the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children （PAQ-C）, which has been identified as a potentially valid instrument to assess moderate-to-vigorous physical activity （MVPA） in children among diverse racial groups. Methods The psychometric properties of the PAQ-C with 742 Hong Kong Chinese children were assessed with the scale＇s internal consistency, reliability, test-retest reliability, confirmatory factory analysis （CFA） in the overall sample, and multistep invariance tests across gender groups as well as convergent validity with body mass index （BMI）, and an accelerometry-based MVPA. Results The Cronbach alpha coefficient （α=0.79）, composite reliability value （p=0.81）, and the intraclass correlation coefficient （α=0.82） indicate the satisfactory reliability of the PAQ-C score. The CFA indicated data fit a single factor model, suggesting that the PAQ-C measures only one construct, on MVPA over the previous 7 days. The multiple-group CFAs suggested that the factor Ioadings and variances and covariances of the PAQ-C measurement model were invariant across gender groups. The PAQ-C score was related to accelerometry-based MVPA （r=0.33） and inversely related to BMI （r=0.18）. Conclusion This study demonstrates the reliability and validity of the PAQ-C in Chinese children.

关键词： Physical activity Measurement Children Reliability Validity

Non-Point Pollution from Crop Production: Global, Regional and National Issues

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Pedosphere 2005年第4期15卷 499-508页

作者： D. NORSE Department of Geography University College London 4 Taviton Street London WC1H 0BT (UK)

China is now the world’s largest producer and user of industrial fertilizers and manures. Consequently China plays a substantial role in global N cycle dynamics and in man’s disruption of the nitrogen cycle though there are still significant uncertainties about the size and importance of emission and leaching rates. A major cause of China’s global role is the overuse of nitrogen fertilizers, which is most serious with intensive vegetable production where application rates can be up to 50% greater than crop needs, but is also a problem with wheat, rice and maize. China’s overuse of nitrogen fertiliser over the past 10-20 years has resulted in non-point source (NPS) pollution from crop production becoming a major cause of water pollution, and the situation is projected to get worse. In contrast, water pollution from point sources such as intensive livestock production and urban or industrial development is being brought more under control. The consequences for air pollution are equally serious. Emissions of nitrous oxide from fertilizers and manures may be so large that China could be responsible for 25-30% of global emissions of this damaging greenhouse gas and of the global warming resulting from it. The main national and local issues relate particularly to low fertilizer use efficiency and the losses of ammonia and NOx that lead to acid precipitation, and leaching and run-off losses that result in high nitrate levels in groundwater and eutrophication of rivers and lakes. The reasons why farmers overuse nitrogen fertilizer are complex and not fully understood. They involve agro-climate differences between provinces and counties, farming systems and farm income structures. Although there is a wide range of institutional and technological improvements that can greatly reduce this overuse rapid progress in reducing NPS is unlikely.

关键词： China fertilizer use global change nitrous oxide non-point source pollution