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Effectiveness of intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine: An in silico pharmacological model

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical medicine 2020年第8期13卷 366-374页

作者： mila Nu Nu Htay Ian m Hastings Eva maria Hodel Katherine Kay Liverpool School of Tropical medicine Liverpool L35QAUnited Kingdom Department of Community medicine Melaka-Manipal Medical CollegeManipal Academy of Higher Education(MAHE)MelakaMalaysia malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome trust Clinical Research Programme BlantyreMalawi University of Liverpool Liverpool L693GFUnited Kingdom metrum Research Group TariffvilleConnecticut06081United States of America

Objective:To explore the efficacy of intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy(IPTp)with sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine(SP)against sensitive ***:A pharmacological model was used to investigate the effectiveness of the previous recommended at least two-dose regimen,currently recommended three-dose regimen and 4,6,8-weekly regimens with specific focus on the impact of various nonadherence patterns in multiple transmission ***:The effectiveness of the recommended three-dose regimen is high in all the transmission intensities,i.e.>99%,98%and 92%in low,moderate and high transmission intensities *** simulated 4 and 6 weekly IPTp-SP regimens were able to prevent new infections with sensitive parasites in almost all women(>99%)regardless of transmission ***,8 weekly interval dose schedules were found to have 71%and 86%protective efficacies in high and moderate transmission areas,*** highlights that patients are particularly vulnerable to acquiring new infections if IPTp-SP doses are ***:The pharmacological model predicts that full adherence to the currently recommended three-dose regimen should provide almost complete protection from malaria infection in moderate and high transmission ***,it also highlights that patients are particularly vulnerable to acquiring new infections if IPTp doses are spaced too widely or if doses are *** to the recommended IPTp-SP schedules is recommended.

关键词： Intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine malaria infection in pregnancy Three-dose regimen In silico pharmacological model

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Six novel species of Fusarium from natural ecosystems in Australia

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Fungal Diversity 2016年第2期77卷 349-366页

作者： m.H.Laurence J.L.Walsh L.A.Shuttleworth D.m.Robinson R.m.Johansen T.Petrovic T.T.H.Vu L.W.Burgess B.A.Summerell E.C.Y.Liew The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain trust Mrs Macquaries RdSydneyNSW 2000Australia Faculty of Agriculture and Environment The University of SydneyEveleighNSW 2015Australia

Six new species of Fusarium associated with soil and plant hosts from ecosystems of minimal anthropogenic disturbance in Australia are *** coicis from Coix gasteenii,*** from Xanthorrhoea glauca,*** from soil and mangifera indica,*** from soil,*** from Sorghum interjectum and *** from soil,Triodia microstachya,Sorghum interjectum and Sorghum *** and phylogenetic analysis of EF-1α,RPB1 and RPB2 sequence data were used to delineate species *** new species were phylogenetically distributed in the Fusarium sambucinum,***,and *** species complexes,and two novel species *** six new species have particular phylogeographic significance as not only do they provide further insight into the geographic patterns of Fusarium evolution but also challenge current phylogeographic hypotheses.

关键词： Species diversity Endophyte Phylogenetics mycoflora Phylogeography

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Workhorse flaps for thumb reconstruction

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Plastic and Aesthetic Research 2022年第1期9卷 48-64页

作者： Ahmed m.Yassin Suvashis Dash Dariush Nikkhah Plastic Surgery Department Faculty of MedicineMansoura UniversityMansoura 35511Egypt Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi 110029India Division of Surgery&Interventional Science University College London UCLLondon NW32PFUK Department of Plastic Surgery Royal Free Hospital NHS Foundation TrustHampsteadLondon NW32QGUK

Posttraumatic thumb defects result in significant functional *** reconstructive procedures have been described for the management and improvement of *** with no treatment,all reconstructive methods are *** of the available procedures may be more applicable under certain conditions,can offer great benefits,and have its own downsides as *** a thorough assessment and meticulous technique,the results of thumb reconstruction can be *** present a review of the current reconstructive procedures for traumatic thumb amputation.

关键词： Thumb reconstruction soft tissue reconstruction of thumb thumb injury hand flaps

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Behavioural and energetic consequences of competition among three overwintering swan(Cygnus spp.)species

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Avian Research 2021年第4期12卷 707-721页

作者： Kevin A.Wood Julia L.Newth Geoff m.Hilton Eileen C.Rees Wildfowl&Wetlands trust SlimbridgeGloucestershire GL27BTUnited Kingdom Centre for Ecology and Conservation/Environment and Sustainabil-ity Institute College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeter TR109EZUnited Kingdom Department of Zoology University of CambridgeDowning StreetCambridge CB23EJUnited Kingdom

Background:Winter numbers of the northwest European population of Bewick's Swans(Cygnus columbianus bewickii)declined recently by c.40%.During the same period,numbers of two sympatric and ecologically-similar congeners,the mute Swan(Cygnus olor)and Whooper Swan(Cygnus cygnus)showed increases or *** has been suggested that these opposing population trends could have a causal relationship,as mute and Whooper Swans are larger and competitively dominant to Bewick's Swans in foraging *** so,effects of competition of mute and Whooper Swans on Bewick's Swans should be detectable as measurable impacts on behaviour and ***:Here,we studied the diurnal behaviour and energetics of 1083 focal adults and first-winter juveniles("cygnets")of the three swan species on their winter grounds in eastern *** analysed video recordings to derive time-activity budgets and these,together with estimates of energy gain and expenditure,were analysed to determine whether individual Bewick's Swans altered the time spent on key behaviours when sharing feeding habitat with other swan species,and any consequences for their energy expenditure and net energy ***:All three swan species spent a small proportion of their total time(0.011)on aggressive interactions,and these were predominantly intraspecific(≥0.714).mixed-effects models indicated that sharing feeding habitat with higher densities of mute and Whooper Swans increased the likelihood of engaging in aggression for cygnet Bewick's Swans,but not for *** levels of interspecific competition decreased the time spent by Bewick's Swan cygnets on foraging,whilst adults showed the opposite *** among low densities of conspecifics(m^(2)),individual Bewick's Swans spent more time on vigilance in the presence of higher densities of mute and Whooper Swans,whilst individuals within higher density Bewick's Swan flocks showed the opposite ***,we found no evide

关键词： Avian behaviour Energy expenditure Ethology Interference competition Interspecific interactions Time activity budgets Video observations

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Praziquantel efficacy against Schistosoma mansoni among HIV-1 infected and uninfected adults living in fishing villages along Lake Victoria, Northwest Tanzania

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2014年第1期3卷 440-448,439页

作者： Humphrey D mazigo David W Dunne Safari m Kinung’hi Fred Nuwaha Department of medical Parasitology and Entomology School of MedicineCatholic University of Health and Allied SciencesP.O.Box 1464MwanzaTanzania Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health School of Public HealthCollege of Health SciencesMakerere UniversityP.O.Box 7072KampalaUganda Department of Pathology Division of Microbiology and ParasitologyCambridge UniversityTennis Court RoadCambridge CB21QPUK National Institute for medical Research Mwanza Research CentreP.O.Box 1462 MwanzaTanzania

Background:Animal studies have demonstrated that functional immune responses,as determined by the levels of CD4+cell counts and anti-schistosome antibodies responses,determine the efficacy of *** on this evidence,it has been hypothesised that the immunodeficiency effects of the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-1 infection may affect the efficacy of praziquantel in co-infected human ***,the present study assessed the efficacy of praziquantel by comparing parasitological cure rates and the reduction in infection intensity in HIV-1 seronegative individuals infected with *** and HIV-1 seropositive individuals co-infected with ***,following treatment with a single oral dose of ***:This was a prospective longitudinal study which included,at baseline,555 *** infected adults aged 21-55 years,who were either co-infected or not with HIV-1 and who lived in fishing villages along Lake Victoria in Northwest *** individuals were treated with a single oral dose of praziquantel(40 mg/kg)and,at 12 weeks,single stool samples were obtained and examined for *** eggs using the Kato-Katz *** prick and venous blood samples were collected for HIV-1 screening and CD4+cell ***:The parasitological cure rate did not differ significantly from the HIV-1 serostatus(P=0.12):among the co-infected individuals,the cure rate was 48.3%(14/29),and among the individuals infected only with ***,the cure rate was 62.6%(329/526).The egg reduction rate did not vary with the HIV-1 serostatus(P=0.22):77.22%for HIV-1 seronegative and 75%for HIV-1 seropositive *** level of CD4^(+) cell counts(median 228 cells/μL:range 202-380 cells)did not influence the cure rate(P=0.23)or the reduction in the intensity of the infection(P=0.37).Conclusion:The HIV-1 infection per se or its moderate immunodeficiency effects,demonstrated by the range of CD4^(+) cell counts observed in co-infected individuals,d

关键词： HIV-1 S.mansoni Co-infection Praziquantel Efficacy Tanzania

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management of non-ST-segment elevation myocardial in-farction in patients aged≥80 years:a meta-analysis of ran-domized controlled trials

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2022年第10期19卷 789-790页

作者： Connor J matthews Joshua Kirby Jonathan m Blaxill John P Greenwood Abdul m mozid Jennifer A Rossington murugapathy Veerasamy Nancy Wassef Stephen B Wheatcroft Heerajnarain Bulluck Yorkshire Heart Centre Leeds General InfirmaryLeeds Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustLeedsUnited Kingdom Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and metabolic medicine University of LeedsLeedsUnited Kingdom

Coronary artery disease(CAD)is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in elderly patients.^([1])Despite this,elderly patients are under-represented in most trials of ***-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(NSTEmI)is a common cause of hospitalization among patients≥80 years of age,^([2])and with an aging global population,there is a pressing need to establish the optimal management strategy for these ***,we conducted a meta-analysis of all randomized control trials(RCTs)performed to date in patients≥80 years of age,comparing an initial invasive versus conservative strategy to provide insights into their optimal initial management strategy.

关键词： patients mortality analysis

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Current progress in use of adipose derived stem cells in peripheral nerve regeneration

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2015年第1期7卷 51-64页

作者： Shomari DL Zack-Williams Peter E Butler Deepak m Kalaskar Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative medicine Division of Surgery and Interventional Science University College London WC1E 6BT London United Kingdom Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Royal Free Hampstead NHS Trust Hospital NW3 2QG London United Kingdom

Unlike central nervous system neurons; those in the peripheral nervous system have the potential for full regeneration after injury. Following injury, recovery is controlled by schwann cells which replicate and modulate the subsequent immune response. The level of nerve recovery is strongly linked to the severity of the initial injury despite the significant advancements in imaging and surgical techniques. multiple experimental model shave been used with varying successes to augment the natural regenerative processes which occur following nerve injury. Stem cell therapy in peripheral nerve injury may be an important future intervention to improve the best attainable clinical results. In particular adipose derived stem cells(ADSCs) are multipotent mesenchymal stem cells similar to bone marrow derived stem cells, which are thought to have neurotrophic properties and the ability to differentiate into multiple lineages. They are ubiquitous within adipose tissue; they can form many structures resembling the mature adult peripheral nervous system. Following early in vitro work; multiple small and large animal in vivo models have been used in conjunction with conduits, autografts and allografts to successfully bridge the peripheral nerve gap. Some of the ADSC related neuroprotective and regenerative properties have been elucidated however much work remains before a model can be used successfully in human peripheral nerve injury(PNI). This review aims to provide a detailed overview of progress made in the use of ADSC in PNI, with discussion on the role of a tissue engineered approach for PNI repair.

关键词： Peripheral nerve injury Adipose derivedstem cells Cell based therapies Stem cells

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Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation for end-stage renal failure in type 1 diabetes mellitus: Current perspectives

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World Journal of Transplantation 2023年第5期13卷 208-220页

作者： Lakshmi Nagendra Cornelius James Fernandez Joseph m Pappachan Department of Endocrinology JSS Medical CollegeJSS Academy of Higher Education and ResearchMysore 570015India Department of Endocrinology&metabolism Pilgrim HospitalUnited Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS TrustBoston PE219QSUnited Kingdom Department of Endocrinology and metabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom

Type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1Dm)is one of the important causes of chronic kidney disease(CKD)and end-stage renal failure(ESRF).Even with the best available treatment options,management of T1Dm poses significant challenges for clinicians across the world,especially when associated with CKD and *** increases in morbidity and mortality along with marked rise in treatment costs and marked reduction of quality of life are the usual consequences of onset of CKD and progression to ESRF in patients with *** pancreas-kidney transplant(SPK)is an attractive and promising treatment option for patients with advanced CKD/ESRF and T1Dm for potential cure of these diseases and possibly several ***,limited availability of the organs for transplantation,the need for long-term immunosuppression to prevent rejection,peri-and post-operative complications of SPK,lack of resources and the expertise for the procedure in many centers,and the cost implications related to the surgery and postoperative care of these patients are major issues faced by clinicians across the *** clinical update review compiles the latest evidence and current recommendations of SPK for patients with T1Dm and advanced CKD/ESRF to enable clinicians to care for these diseases.

关键词： Type 1 diabetes mellitus Chronic kidney disease End-stage renal failure Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation Perioperative complications Immunosuppression

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Hepatocellular carcinoma in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-a review of an emerging challenge facing clinicians

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2021年第1期10卷 59-75页

作者： Daniel Geh Derek m.manas Helen L.Reeves Northern Institute for Cancer Research Institute of Cellular medicine Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK Hepatopancreatobiliary multidisciplinary Team Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustNewcastle upon TyneUK

Importance:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is a rapidly growing cause of chronic liver disease and is becoming a leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in many developed *** presents major challenges for the surveillance,diagnosis and treatment of ***:To discuss the clinical challenges faced by clinicians in managing the rising number of NAFLD-HCC *** Review:mEDLINE,Pubmed and Embase databases were searched using the keywords;NAFLD,HCC,surveillance,hepatectomy,liver transplantation,percutaneous ablation,transarterial chemoembolization(TACE),selective internal radiotherapy treatment(SIRT)and *** clinical studies were ***:Current HCC surveillance programmes are inadequate because they only screen for HCC in patients with cirrhosis,whereas in NAFLD a significant proportion of HCC develops in the absence of *** NAFLD patients often present with a more advanced stage of HCC,with a poorer ***-HCC patients also tend to be older and to have more co-morbidities compared to HCC of other *** limits the use of curative treatments such as liver resection and orthotopic liver transplantation(OLT).Evidence suggests that although NAFLD-HCC patients who undergo liver resection or OLT have worse perioperative and short-term outcomes,overall long-term survival is comparable to HCC of other *** highlights the importance of careful patient selection,pre-habilitation and perioperative planning for NAFLD-HCC patients being considered for surgical *** consideration is also important for non-surgical treatments,although the evidence supporting treatment selection is frequently lacking,as these patients tend to be poorly represented in clinical *** therapies such as percutaneous ablation and TACE may be less well tolerated and less effective in NAFLD patients with obesity or *** tyrosine kinase inhibitor sorafenib may also b

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) liver transplantation hepatectomy catheter ablation sorafenib population surveillance

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Anticoagulation and antiplatelets as prophylaxis for hepatic artery thrombosis after liver transplantation

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第9期7卷 1238-1243页

作者： Abdullah A Algarni moustafa m mourad Simon R Bramhall Liver Unit Queen Elizabeth HospitalBirmingham B15 2TH United Kingdom General Surgery Department Wye Valley NHS Trust

Hepatic artery thrombosis(HAT) is the most serious vascular complication after liver transplantation. multiple risk factors have been identified to impact its development. Changes in haemostasis associated with end stage liver disease and the disturbance of the coagulation and anticoagulation cascades play an important role in development of this lethal complication. Early recognition and therapeutic intervention is mandatory to avoid its consequences. Pharmacological prophylaxis, by the use of antiplatelet or anticoagulant agents, is an important tool to reduce its incidence and prevent graft loss. Only a few studies have shown a clear benefit of antiplatelet agents in reducing HAT occurrence, however, these studies are limited by being retrospective and by inhomogeneous populations. The use of anticoagulants such as heparin is associated with an improvement in the outcomes mainly when used for a high-risk patients like living related liver recipients. The major concern when using these agents is the tendency to increase bleeding complications in a setting of already unstable haemostasis. Hence, monitoring of their administration and careful selection of patients to be treated are of great importance. Well-designed clinical studies are still needed to further explore their effects and to formulate proper protocols that can be implemented safely.

关键词： Hepatic artery thrombosis Haemostasis Anticoagulation Liver transplantation Antiplatelets Heparin

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