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Understanding diarrhoeal diseases in response to climate variability and drought in Cape Town, South Africa: a mixed methods approach

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第4期12卷 105-105页

作者： tristan taylor lee Mohamed Aqiel Dalvie Martin Röösli Sonja Merten Marek Kwiatkowski Hassan Mahomed Neville Sweijd Guéladio Cissé Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute Allschwil Switzerland University of Basel Basel Switzerland Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research School of Public Health University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa Metro Health Services Western Cape Government: Health and Wellness Western Cape South Africa Division of Health Systems and Public Health Department of Global Health Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch South Africa Alliance for Collaboration on Climate and Earth Systems Science Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Pretoria South Africa

BackgroundThe climate of southern Africa is expected to become hotter and drier with more frequent severe droughts and the incidence of diarrhoea to increase. From 2015 to 2018, Cape Town, South Africa, experienced a severe drought which resulted in extreme water conservation efforts. We aimed to gain a more holistic understanding of the relationship between diarrhoea in young children and climate variability in a system stressed by water *** a mixed-methods approach, we explored diarrhoeal disease incidence in children under 5 years between 2010 to 2019 in Cape Town, primarily in the public health system through routinely collected diarrhoeal incidence and weather station data. We developed a negative binomial regression model to understand the relationship between temperature, precipitation, and relative humidity on incidence of diarrhoea with dehydration. We conducted in-depth interviews with stakeholders in the fields of health, environment, and human development on perceptions around diarrhoea and health-related interventions both prior to and over the drought, and analysed them through the framework *** diarrhoeal incidence data, the diarrhoea with dehydration incidence decreased over the decade studied, e.g. reduction of 64.7% in 2019 [95% confidence interval (CI): 5.5–7.2%] compared to 2010, with no increase during the severe drought period. Over the hot dry diarrhoeal season (November to May), the monthly diarrhoea with dehydration incidence increased by 7.4% (95% CI: 4.5–10.3%) per 1 °C increase in temperature and 2.6% (95% CI: 1.7–3.5%) per 1% increase in relative humidity in the unlagged model. Stakeholder interviews found that extensive and sustained diarrhoeal interventions were perceived to be responsible for the overall reduction in diarrhoeal incidence and mortality over the prior decade. During the drought, as diarrhoeal interventions were maintained, the expected increase in incidence in the public health sector di

关键词： routine drought humidity

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Coarse and fine-tuning of lasing transverse electromagnetic modes in coupled all-inorganic perovskite quantum dots

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Nano Research 2021年第1期14卷 108-113页

作者： Youngsin Park Guanhua Ying Atanu Jana Vitaly Osokin Claudius C.Kocher tristan Farrow Robert A.taylor Kwang S.Kim School of Natural Science Ulsan National Institute of Science and TechnologhUlsan 44919Republic of Korea Clarendon Laboratory Department of PhysicsUniversity of OxfordParks RoadOxford OX13PUUK Centre for Quantum Technologies National University of SingaporeScience Drive 2Singapore 117543Singapore

Inorganic perovskite lasers are of particular interest,with much recent work focusing on Fabry-P6rot cavity-forming *** demonstrate the direct observation of lasing from transverse electromagnetic(TEM)modes with a long coherence time-9.5ps in coupled CsPbBr_(3) quantum dots,which dispense with an external cavity resonator and show how the wavelength of the modes can be controlled via two independent *** the pump power allowed us tofine-tune the TEM mode structure to the emission wavelength,thus providing a degree of control over the properties of the lasing *** temperature-tuning provided an additional degree of control over the wavelength of the lasing peak,importantly,maintained a constant full width at half maximum(FWHM)over the entire tuning range without mode-hopping.

关键词： perovskite quantum dots coherent lasing transverse electromagnetic mode stimulated emission

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A planar defect spin sensor in a two-dimensional material susceptible to strain and electric fields

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 775-782页

作者： Péter Udvarhelyi tristan Clua-Provost Alrik Durand Jiahan Li James H.Edgar Bernard Gil Guillaume Cassabois Vincent Jacques Adam Gali Wigner Research Centre for Physics P.O.Box 49H-1525 BudapestHungary Budapest University of Technology and Economics Institute of PhysicsDepartment of Atomic PhysicsMűegyetem rakpart 3.1111 BudapestHungary Laboratoire Charles Coulomb Universitéde Montpellier and CNRS34095 MontpellierFrance Tim taylor Department of Chemical Engineering Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA

The boron-vacancy spin defect(V_(B)^(-))in hexagonal boron nitride(hBN)has a great potential as a quantum sensor in a two-dimensional material that can directly probe various external perturbations in atomic-scale proximity to the quantum sensing ***,we apply first-principles calculations to determine the coupling of the VB electronic spin to strain and electric *** work unravels the interplay between local piezoelectric and elastic effects contributing to the final response to the electric *** theoretical predictions are then used to analyse optically detected magnetic resonance(ODMR)spectra recorded on hBN crystals containing different densities of V_(B)^(-) *** prove that the orthorhombic zero-field splitting parameter results from local electric fields produced by surrounding charge *** work paves the way towards applications of V_(B)^(-) centres for quantitative electric field imaging and quantum sensing under pressure.

关键词： defect quantum boron

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