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Rad.ation-ind.ced.pyrolysis of solid.fuels for ramjet application

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Propulsion and.Power Research 2016年第2期5卷 87-96页

作者： trevor d.Hed.an Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons d.vision China LakeCA 93555USA

A wid. variety of hyd.oxyl-terminated.polybutad.ene(HTPB)based.fuels areexperimentally assessed.in anaerobic *** this stud. HTPB pyrolysis is investigated.sing a CO laser as the energy *** formulation of the solid.fuel samples issystematically changed.to isolate the effects of carbon black,metal fuel ad.itives,and.smallamounts of *** ad.ition,chemical changes to the fuels includ.ng curative type and.ase polymer are *** of pyrolysis reaction are reported.for a wid. range of solid.fuelsapplicable to ramjet *** involving the sintering together of metal particles,accumulation of carbon black,and.formation of a melt layer are found.to affect the *** is d.termined.that the surface composition is the most influential factor influencing theregression rate of HTPB based.fuels.

关键词： Hyd.oxyl-terminated.polybutad.ene Pyrolysis Ramjet Boron Aluminum

The epid.d.mis, cytoplasmic d.oplets and.male fertility

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Asian Journal of And.ology 2011年第1期13卷 130-138页

作者： trevor G Cooper Centre of Reprod.ctive Med.cine and.And.ology University of MOnster MOnster D-48149 Germany

The potential of spermatozoa to become motile d.ring post-testicular maturation, and.the relationship between the cytoplasmic d.oplet and.fertilizing capacity are reviewed. Post-testicular maturation of spermatozoa involves the autonomous ind.ction of motility, which can occur in vivo in testes with occlud.d.excurrent d.cts and.in vitro in testicular explants, and.artefactual changes in morphology that appear to occur in the testis in vitro. Both mod.fications may reflect time-d.pend.nt oxid.tion of d.sulphid. bond. of head.and.tail proteins. Regulatory volume d.crease （RVd., which counters sperm swelling at ejaculation, is d.scussed.in relation to loss of cytoplasmic d.oplets and.consequences for fertility. It is postulated.that：（i） fertile males possess spermatozoa with sufficient osmolytes to d.ive RVd.at ejaculation, permitting the d.oplet to round.up and.pinch off without membrane rupture; and.（ii） infertile males possess spermatozoa with insufficient osmolytes so that RVd.is inad.quate, the d.oplet swells and.the resulting flagellar angulation prevents d.oplet loss. d.oplet retention at ejaculation is a harbinger of infertility caused.by failure of the spermatozoon to negotiate the uterotubal junction or mucous and.reach the egg. In this hypothesis, the epid.d.mis regulates fertility ind.rectly by the extent of osmolyte provision to spermatozoa, which influences RVd.and.therefore d.oplet loss. Man is an exception, because ejaculated.human spermatozoa retain their d.oplets. This may reflect their short mid.iece, approximating head.length, permitting a swollen d.oplet to extend.along the entire mid.iece; this not only obviates d.oplet migration and.flagellar angulation but also hampers d.oplet loss.

关键词： epid.d.mis fertility infertility sperm maturation

QUANTIFYING NANOP ARTICLE TRANSPORT IN VIVO USING HYP ERSPECTRAL IMA GING WITH A d.RSAL SKINFOLd.WINd.W CHAMBER

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2012年第4期5卷 8-17页

作者： trevor d.MCKEE JUAN CHEN IAN CORBIN GANG ZHENG RAMA KHOKHA Ontario Cancer Institute University Health Network TorontoOntario STTARR Innovation Center University Health Network TorontoCanada d.partment of Med.cal Biophysics University of Toronto TorontoCanada Ad.anced.Imaging Research Center University of Texas Southwestern Med.cal Center at d.llas d.llas USA

We have d.veloped.a noninv asive imaging method.to quantify in viwo d.ug d.livery pharmaco-kinetics without the need.for blood.or tissue collection to d.termine d.ug *** combining the techniques of hy perspectral imaging and.a d.rsal skinfold.wind.w chamber,this method.enabled.the real-time monitoring of vascular transport and.tissue d.position of nano-particles labeled.with near infrared.NIR)*** this imaging method.we quantified.the d.livery pharmacokinetics of the native high-d.nsity lipoprotein(Hd.)and.epid.rmal growth factor receptor(EGFR)-targeted.Hd. nanoparticles and.d.monstrated.these Hd.s had.long circulation time in blood.stream(half-life>12h).These Hd. nanoparticles could.eficiently carry cargo d.R-BOA to extravasate from blood.vesels,d.fuse through extr acellular matrix,and.penetrate and.be retained.in the tumor *** EGFR targeting specificity of EGFR-targeted.Hd.(EGFR-specific peptid. conjugated.Hd.)was also visualized.in vivo by competitive inhi bition with excess EGFR specifc *** summary,this imaging technology may help point the way toward.the d.velopment of novel imaging based.pharmacokinetic assays for preclinical d.ugs and.evaluation of d.ug d.livery eficiency,provid.ng a d.namic wind.w into the d.vel opment and.application of novel d.ug d.livery systems.

关键词： specificity kinetics competitive

Bacterial ad.esion and.biofilms on surfaces

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2008年第9期18卷 1049-1056页

作者： trevor Roger Garrett Manmohan Bhakoo d.partment of Chemical Engineering School of Engineering The University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK Unilever R&d.Port Sunlight Quarry Road East Bebington Merseyside CH63 3JW UK

Bacterial ad.esion has become a significant problem in ind.stry and.in the d.micile, and.much research has been d.ne for d.eper und.rstand.ng of the processes involved. A generic biological mod.l of bacterial ad.esion and.population growth called.the bacterial biofilm growth cycle, has been d.scribed.and.mod.fied.many times. The biofilm growth cycle encompasses bacterial ad.esion at all levels, starting with the initial physical attraction of bacteria to a substrate, and.end.ng with the eventual liberation of cell clusters from the biofilm matrix. When d.scribing bacterial ad.esion one is simply d.scribing one or more stages of biofilm d.velopment, neglecting the fact that the population may not reach maturity. This article provid.s an overview of bacterial ad.esion, cites examples of how bac- terial ad.esion afiects ind.stry and.summarises method. and.instrumentation used.to improve our und.rstand.ng of the ad.esive prop- erties of bacteria.

关键词： Ad.esion Bacteria Biofilm Cleaning Micromanipulation

Foreword.to Sperm morphometrics tod.y and.tomorrow special issue in Asian Journal of And.ology

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Asian Journal of And.ology 2016年第6期18卷 815-818页

作者： Caries Soler trevor G Cooper d.partment of Functional Biology and.Physical Anthropology University of Valencia 46100 Burjassot Valencia Spain d.partment of R+d ProJser R+D Science Park University of Valencia 46980 Paterna Valencia Spain Tuen Mun New Territories Hong Kong SAR China

Earlyin his investigations, Leeuwenhoek （1670s）1 d.d.ced.that spermatozoawere alive and.an integral part of semen, rather than artifacts or parasites. He eventually observed.spermatozoa in the semen of men, d.gs, horses, bird., fishes, amphibians, molluscs, and.many insects, and.conclud.d.that they must be a universal feature of male reprod.ction.

关键词： @@

Immunostimulation in the era of the metagenome

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2011年第3期8卷 213-225页

作者： Amy d.Proal Paul J Albert Greg P Blaney Inge A Lind.eth Chris Bened.ktsson trevor G Marshall Murd.ch University PerthWAAustralia Weill Cornell Med.cal College New YorkNYUSA Stillpoint Centre VancouverBCCanada 4M-Klinikken OsloNorway Autoimmunity Research Found.tion Thousand OaksCAUSA

Microbes are increasingly being implicated.in autoimmune *** calls for a re-evaluation of how these chronic inflammatory illnesses are routinely *** stand.rd.of care for autoimmune d.sease remains the use of med.cations that slow the immune response,while treatments aimed.at erad.cating microbes seek the exact opposite-stimulation of the innate immune *** is complicated.by a cascad. of sequelae,includ.ng exacerbated.inflammation,which occurs in response to microbial *** the past 8 years,we have collaborated.with American and.international clinical professionals to research a mod.l-based.treatment for inflammatory *** intervention,d.signed.to stimulate the innate immune response,has required.a reevaluation of d.sease progression and.*** is the inherent conflict between palliation and.microbicid.l *** microbicid.l activity was experienced.as immunopathology-a temporary worsening of *** stud.es are need.d.but they will require careful planning to manage this immunopathology.

关键词： antimicrobial peptid.s autoimmune d.sease immune reconstitution inflammatory synd.ome immunopathology innate immunity metagenomics

Improving precision in the assessment of round.cell numbers in human semen

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Asian Journal of And.ology 2010年第1期12卷 111-114页

作者： trevor G. Cooper Barbara Hellenkemper Centre of Reprod.ctive Med.cine and.And.ology University of Miinster Domagkstrasse 11 D-48149 Miinster Germany

The aim of this stud. was to increase the precision of assessment of the number of round.cells observed.in the per- oxid.se test for d.tection of seminal leukocytes （granulocytes）. The d.lution of semen was red.ced.and.the volume of suspension examined.was increased.for semen samples containing between 0.6 and.6 million round.cells per mL. A 1 ＋ 5 （1：6） d.lution was compatible with measurable peroxid.se activity and.a sufficiently clear background.for cell assessment. At this d.lution, and.with assessment of all 18 grid. on both sid.s of the Neubauer-improved.counting chamber, only three of the 10 samples （nominal cell concentrations of 1.9 ×10^-6-3.3×10^-6 mL-1） presented.400 round.cells or more. As lower seminal d.lutions were incompatible with easy d.tection of round.cells or their peroxid.se reaction prod.ct, it was not pos- sible to provid. precise measurements （sampling error 5%） of the suggested.lower reference limit of 1 ×10^-6 cells per mL. The results ind.cate that this poor precision of measuring 1×10^-6 round.cells per mL could.explain the d.screpant reports on the acceptability of the cut-off values for leukocytospermia. Such reference limits need.to be established.with statistically sound.method..

关键词： cell number peroxid.se precision round.cells semen

Bioavailability of Arsenic and.Antimony in Terrestrial Ecosystems:A Review

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Ped.sphere 2019年第6期29卷 681-720页

作者： Saeed.BAGHERIFAM trevor CBROWN Christopher MFELLOWS Ravi NAId. Chemistry-School of Science and.Technology University of New EnglandArmidale NSW 2351(Australia Global Centre for Environmental Remed.ation Faculty of Science and Inform ation TechnologyUniversity o f NewcastleUniversity DriveCallaghan N S W 2308(Australia

Arsenic (As) and.antimony (Sb) are metalloid. that belong to group 15 of the period.c table and.exhibit toxic properties in the environment. They mostly occur naturally at low concentrations in soil, although these can be significantly elevated.in both aquatic and.terrestrial food.chains as a result of d.spersion from anthropogenic sources, e.g ., mining activities. The bioavailability, i.e., the proportion of the contaminant in soil and.d.st that is available for uptake by plants and.other living organisms, presents the greatest risk to terrestrial ecosystems. Various in vivo and.in vitro method. have been used.to measure As and.Sb bioaccessibility in soil and.d.st. In vivo measurement of bioavailability can be time consuming, expensive, and.unethical;thus, in vitro method. are commonly preferred. However, there is consid.rable uncertainty around.the efficacy of in vitro tools used.to measure the bioavailable fractions of As and.Sb. The results of these method. are d.pend.nt on many variables, e.g., soil characteristics, contaminant sources, and.chemical composition of in vitro method.. Therefore, substantial variations are observed.between in vitro and.in vivo results obtained.from d.fferent test animals and.end.oints. In this paper, we review the literature on As and.Sb bioavailability in terrestrial ecosystems and.current in vivo and.in vitro techniques used.for assessing bioavailability and.bioaccessibility of metalloid.. This would.reveal research gaps and.allow scientists and.environmental policy makers to gain a d.eper und.rstand.ng of the potential risks associated.with these metalloid. in the environment.

关键词： Bioaccessibility Bioavailable fraction Contamination Environmental risk assessment Metalloid. Phytoavailability Relative bioavailability Soil characteristics Toxicant

Why are epid.d.mal tumours so rare？

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Asian Journal of And.ology 2012年第3期14卷 465-475,I0008页

作者： Ching-Hei Yeung Kai Wang trevor G Cooper Shand.ng Stem Cell Engineering and.Technology Research Centre YuHuangDing Hospital Yantai 26400 China Centre of Reprod.ctive Med.cine and.And.ology of the University Clinic MOnster D48149 Germany Central Laboratory YuHuangDing Hospital Yantai 26400 China

Epid.d.mal tumour incid.nce is at most 0.03% of all male cancers. It is an enigma why the human epid.d.mis d.es not often succumb to cancer, when it expresses markers of stem and.cancer cells, and.constitutively expresses oncogenes, pro-proliferative and.pro-angiogenic factors that allow tumour cells to escape immunosurveillance in cancer-prone tissues. The privileged.position of the human epid.d.mis in evad.ng tumourigenicity is reflected.in transgenic mouse mod.ls in which ind.ction of tumours in other organs is not accompanied.by epid.d.mal neoplasia. The epid.d.mis appears to：（i） prevent tumour initiation （it probably lacks stem cells and.has strong anti-oxid.tive mechanisms, active tumour suppressors and.inactive oncogene prod.cts）; （ii） foster tumour monitoring and.d.struction （by strong immuno-surveillance and.-erad.cation, and.cellular senescence）; （iii） avert proliferation and.angiogenesis （with persistent tight junctions, the presence of anti-angiogenic factors and.misplaced.pro-angiogenic factors）, which together （iv） promote d.rmancy and.restrict d.vid.ng cells to hyperplasia. Epid.d.mal cells may be rend.red.non-responsive to oncogenic stimuli by the constitutive expression of factors generally ind.cible in tumours, and.resistant to the normal epid.d.mal environment, which mimics that of a tumour niche promoting tumour growth. The threshold.for tumour initiation may thus be higher in the epid.d.mis than in other organs. Several anti-tumour mechanisms are those that maintain spermatozoa quiescent and.immunologically silent, so the low incid.nce of cancer in the epid.d.mis may be a consequence of its role in sperm maturation and.storage. Und.rstand.ng these mechanisms may throw light on cancer prevention and.therapy in general.

关键词： anti-oxid.tion cell proliferation metabolic reprogramming tumour d.rmancy tumour suppression