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Risk Assessment Framework of mHealth System Vulnerabilities: A Multilayer Analysis of the Patient Hub

Communications and Network 2020年第2期12卷 41-60页

作者： Mohammed Banu Ali trevor wood-harper Abdullah Sultan Al-Qahtani Abubakar Mohamed Ali Albakri Institute of Innovation Research Innovation Management and Policy Division University of Manchester Manchester UK UK Academic Consultations Ltd Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester UK Birmingham City School of Computing and Digital Technology Birmingham City University Birmingham UK

Although there have been remarkable technological developments in healthcare, the privacy and security of mobile health systems (mHealth) still raise many concerns with considerable consequences for patients using these technologies. For instance, potential security and privacy threats in wireless devices, such as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth connected to a patient hub at the application, middleware and sensory layers, may result in the disclosure of private and sensitive data. This paper explores the security and privacy of the patient hub, including patient applications and their connections to sensors and cloud technology. Addressing the privacy and security concerns of the patient hub called for a comprehensive risk assessment by using the OCTAVE risk assessment framework. Findings reveal that the highest risk concerned data exposure at the sensory layer. In spite of the countermeasures presented in this paper, most served as a means to identify risk early as opposed to mitigating them. The findings can serve to inform users of the potential vulnerabilities in the patient hub before they arise.

关键词： Confidentiality Integrity Vulnerability mHealth Internet of Things Risk Assessment OCTAVE

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The scarab gut： A potential bioreactor for bio-fuel production

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Insect Science 2010年第3期17卷 175-183页

作者： Sheng-Wei Huang Hong-Yu Zhang Sean Marshall trevor A. Jackson State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology Institute of Urban and Horticultural Pests and Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory College of Plant Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China Biocontrol Biosecurity and Bioprocessing AgResearch Limited Christchurch New Zealand

Cellulose and hemicelluloses are the most prevalent sources of carbon in nature. Currently many approaches employ micro-organisms and their enzyme products to degrade plant feedstocks for production of bioenergy. Scarab larvae are one such model. They consume celluloses from a variety of sources including plant roots, soil organic matter and decaying wood, and are able to extract nutrients and energy from these sources. In this paper, we review the physicochemical properties of the scarab larval gut, the diversity and digestive role that microflora play in the scarab gut and discuss the potential for applying these digestive processes in bioreactors for improving bio-fuel production. Scarab larvae are characterised by their highly alkaline midgut which is dominated by serine proteinase enzymes, and a modified hindgut which harbors the majority of the intestinal microbiota under anaerobic conditions. Evidence suggests that digestion of recalcitrant organic matter in scarab larvae likely results from a combination of endogenous gut proteinases and cellulolytic enzymes produced by symbiotic micro-organisms. Most of the easily digestible proteins are mobilized and absorbed in the midgut by endogenous proteinases. The hindgut contents of scarab larvae are characterized by high concentrations of volatile fatty acids, the presence of fermenting bacteria, and typical anaerobic activities, such as methanogenesis. The hindgut typically contains a wide diversity of micro-organisms, some of which appear to be obligate symbionts with cellulolytic potential. As a result, the scarab larval gut can be regarded as a small bioreactor resembling the rumen of sheep or cattle, where solid food particles composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin and polysaccharides are degraded through enzymatic and fermentation processes. Together these observations suggest scarab larvae have potential to assist the bio-fuel industry by providing new sources of （hemi）cellulolytic bacteria and bacteri

关键词： bio-fuel bioreactor cellulolytic enzymes microflora Scarabaeidae

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饲料中真菌毒素对动物生产性能的威胁

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中国畜牧兽医 2002年第4期29卷 26-28页

作者： trevor K.Smith 贾巍

真菌毒素是真菌的代谢产物,当家畜采食的量到达生理显著水平后就会中毒,称为真菌毒素中毒.许多因素影响谷物饲料中霉菌生长和真菌毒素的产生,其中最重要的是水分.贮存的饲料应保证少于15%的含水量,这样才能尽可能减少霉菌的生长.温暖的... 详细信息

真菌毒素是真菌的代谢产物,当家畜采食的量到达生理显著水平后就会中毒,称为真菌毒素中毒.许多因素影响谷物饲料中霉菌生长和真菌毒素的产生,其中最重要的是水分.贮存的饲料应保证少于15%的含水量,这样才能尽可能减少霉菌的生长.温暖的气候下通常会生长镰刀菌,镰刀菌毒素是全球范围内遗成经济损失最大的真菌毒素(wood,1992).数目众多的镰刀菌在化学结构上以及产生的真菌毒素的特点均不同,这些毒素包括:单端孢菌毒素、串珠镰孢菌素、玉米赤霉烯酮、念珠菌毒素和镰孢菌酸.镰刀菌毒素和黄曲霉毒素有很大的差别.但饲喂谷物和豆粕混合料,就会增加日粮中同时存在镰刀菌和黄曲霉毒素的机会.

关键词：饲料真菌毒素动物生产性能危害

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霉菌毒素和吸附剂

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国外畜牧学（猪与禽） 2006年第1期26卷 8-11页

作者：尹利超 trevor Smith 覃矜加拿大圭尔夫大学动物和家禽科学教授

霉菌毒素是普遍存在的,是有害的真菌代谢产物,霉菌毒素可在田间收割前就形成,也可形成于收割后的不良储存条件之下.畜禽吃下霉菌毒素,其生产性能就会下降、体内新陈代谢也会发生改变,可能会造成动物和人的病理状态--霉菌毒素中毒.多种... 详细信息

霉菌毒素是普遍存在的,是有害的真菌代谢产物,霉菌毒素可在田间收割前就形成,也可形成于收割后的不良储存条件之下.畜禽吃下霉菌毒素,其生产性能就会下降、体内新陈代谢也会发生改变,可能会造成动物和人的病理状态--霉菌毒素中毒.多种产霉菌毒素的真菌都会导致霉菌毒素污染,这与饲料原料的来源、作物生产条件、贮藏温度和环境的湿度等因素有关.综观全球霉菌毒素污染情况,镰刀菌(Fusarium)毒素很可能是最常见的霉菌毒素(wood,1992).

关键词：霉菌毒素中毒吸附剂霉菌毒素污染代谢产物储存条件生产性能新陈代谢饲料原料生产条件贮藏温度

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