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Entry into Midgut Epithelial Cells is a Key Step in the Selection of Genotypes in a Nucleopolyhedrovirus

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Virologica Sinica 2009年第4期24卷 350-358页

作者： Gabriel Clavijo trevor williams Delia Muoz Miguel López-Ferber Primitivo Caballero Laboratorio de Entomología Agrícola y Patología de Insectos Departamento de Producción Agraria Universidad Pública de Navarra Instituto de Agrobiotecnología CSIC Gobierno de Navarra Mutilva Baja Spain Instituto de Ecología A.C. Xalapa Veracruz Mexico Laboratoire de Gènie de l'Environnement Industriel Ecole de Mines d'Alès Alès France

An isolate of the Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus comprises a stable proportion of deletion genotypes (e.g., SfNIC-C), that lack pif1 and pif2 rendering them noninfectious per os, and that survive by complementation with a complete genotype (SfNIC-B) in coinfected cells. To determine whether selection for particular ratios of complete and deletion genotypes occurs mainly during the establishment of the primary infection in insect midgut cells or during subsequent systemic infection, we examined genotype frequencies in insects that fed on OBs comprising different co-occluded mixtures of genotypes. Dramatic changes in genotype frequencies were observed between the OB inoculum and budded virus (BV) samples taken from larvae inoculated with OBs comprising 10% SfNIC-B + 90% SfNIC-C indicating that a marked reduction of SfNIC-C genotype had occurred in the insect midgut due to the immediate elimination of all OBs that originated from cells that had been infected only by SfNIC-C. In contrast, immediate changes were not observed in OBs comprising mixtures of 50% SfNIC-B + 50% SfNIC-C or those comprising 10% SfNIC-B + 90% SfNIC-C as most of the OBs in these mixtures originated from cells that had been infected by both genotypes. Subsequent changes in genotypic frequencies during five days of systemic infection were fairly small in magnitude for all genotypic mixtures. We conclude that the prevalence of defective genotypes in the SfNIC population is likely determined by a balance between host selection against OBs produced in cells infected by SfNIC-C alone and within-host selection for fast-replicating deletion genotypes. The strength of intra-host selection is likely modulated by changes in MOI during the infection period.

关键词：肠上皮细胞基因型条目

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Transcription factor AP-2α:a critical reguator during embryogenesis and mammary gland development

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Transcription factor AP-2α:a critical reguator during embry...

中国生物化学与分子生物学会第八届会员代表大会暨全国学术会议

作者： trevor williams Department of MCD Biology Yale UniversityUSA

The AP-2 family of transcription factors regulates important aspects of vertebrate embryogenesis and has beenlinked to the control of cell proliferation and *** AP-2 proteins constitute a distinct class of tran-scription factor,which is defined by the presence of a"basic-helix-span-helix"DNA binding and dimerization

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技术与现代社会

世界科学 1981年第5期 14-18页

作者： trevor I.williams 连真然

卜内门化学工业有限公司(ICI)的宣传杂志“Endeavour”现在办成了科学历史和化学启蒙的科学综合性杂志。主编***最近回忆了50年的历史,他说科学和技术似乎走上了和平与繁荣的高速发展道路,在进入约束时代之后,怀疑时代的继续,振动子振... 详细信息

卜内门化学工业有限公司(ICI)的宣传杂志“Endeavour”现在办成了科学历史和化学启蒙的科学综合性杂志。主编***最近回忆了50年的历史,他说科学和技术似乎走上了和平与繁荣的高速发展道路,在进入约束时代之后,怀疑时代的继续,振动子振动得很远。他谈到现代社会所面临的重大问题是环境和能源。为解决环境和能源问题,技术人员必须返回到原先的信念,重新宣布。

关键词：资源人口原子能发电站核电站现代社会环境保全能源体力劳动

Different Performances of H_2O_2 to Oxidise Aldicarb and Hexazinone in the Advanced Oxidation Process of Ozone/Hydrogen Peroxide

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Journal of Donghua University(English Edition) 2014年第3期31卷 348-353页

作者：冉治霖孙楚李绍峰 CRAIG Denver williams trevor John Hocking School of Transportation and Environment Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology College of Resources and Environment Northeast Agricultural University Shenzhen Key Lab of Industrial Water Saving&Municipal Sewage Reclamation Technology Shenzhen Polytechnic Institute School of Applied Science University of WolverhamptonWolverhampton WV1 1LYUK

The degradations of hexazinone and aldicarb by direct ozonation combined an advanced oxidation process( AOP) of O3/H2O2 were investigated in this study focusing on the oxidation mechanism by identifying the hydrogen peroxide consumption during the oxidation process of the two chemicals. The results showed that H2O2 could enhance the removal rate of the triazine herbicide hexazinone,and it was consumed along with the variation of removal rate in the light of different pH levels. The addition of H2O2 contributed little to the removal of the thiocarbamate herbicide aldicarb and H2O2 content kept constantly throughout the degradation process. Tert-butyl alcohol( TBA) effectively scavenged the ·OH radical for hexazinone,but had no effect on the removal rate of aldicarb. Aldicarb removal was mainly attributed to direct ozonation molecule in both O3( 97.00%) and O3/H2O2( 96.76%)systems. Moreover,sole O3 could hardly oxidize hexazinone whereas·OH radicals contribute respective 74.70% and 97.50% of removal in O3 system and O3/H2O2 AOP. All of these findings suggest that the mechanism of ·OH radical generation and the chain reaction in O3/H2O2 AOP should be further discussed.

关键词： hexazinone aldicarb O3/H2O2 direct and indirect oxidation H2O2consumption

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Reply:Is the evolution of tumors Darwinian or non-Darwinian?

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National Science Review 2018年第1期5卷 17-19页

作者： Marc J williams Benjamin Werner Chris P Barnes trevor A Graham Andrea Sottoriva Evolution and Cancer Laboratory Barts CancerInstitute Queen Marry University of London Department of Cell and Developmental Biology University College London Centre for Mathematics and Physics in the Life Sciences and Experimental Biology (CoMPLEX) University College London Centre for Evolution and Cancer The Institute of Cancer Research Department of Genetics Evolution and EnvironmentUniversity College London

Wu and colleagues’letter discusses the limitations of the use of a single sample per tumor to investigate neutral evolution in human *** evolution describes the situation in which there is no differential clonal selection amongst the population of cells within a cancer:all mutations thataccrue during growth are passengers and all drivers were already present in the

关键词： Reply:Is the evolution of tumors Darwinian or non-Darwinian VAF

Investigation of Protein Formulation Process by Light Scattering Detection

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Investigation of Protein Formulation Process by Light Scatte...