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Improving.precision in the assessment of round cell numbers in human semen

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Asian Journal of Androlog. 2010年第1期12卷 111-114页

作者： trevor g. cooper Barbara Hellenkemper Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Androlog. University of Miinster Domagkstrasse 11 D-48149 Miinster Germany

The aim of this study was to increase the precision of assessment of the number of round cells observed in the per- oxidase test for detection of seminal leukocytes （g.anulocytes）. The dilution of semen was reduced and the volume of suspension examined was increased for semen samples containing.between 0.6 and 6 million round cells per mL. A 1 ＋ 5 （1：6） dilution was compatible with measurable peroxidase activity and a sufficiently clear backg.ound for cell assessment. At this dilution, and with assessment of all 18 g.ids on both sides of the Neubauer-improved counting.chamber, only three of the 10 samples （nominal cell concentrations of 1.9 ×10^-6-3.3×10^-6 mL-1） presented 400 round cells or more. As lower seminal dilutions were incompatible with easy detection of round cells or their peroxidase reaction product, it was not pos- sible to provide precise measurements （sampling.error 5%） of the sug.ested lower reference limit of 1 ×10^-6 cells per mL. The results indicate that this poor precision of measuring.1×10^-6 round cells per mL could explain the discrepant reports on the acceptability of the cut-off values for leukocytospermia. Such reference limits need to be established with statistically sound methods.

关键词： cell number peroxidase precision round cells semen

Maturation of sperm volume reg.lation in the rat epididymis

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Asian Journal of Androlog. 2010年第4期12卷 578-590页

作者： Oliver S. Damm trevor g. cooper Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Androlog. of the University Miinster D-48149 Miinster Germany

Sperm maturation in the epididymis may involve differences between mature and immature spermatozoa in their volume reg.latory osmolyte response. Spermatozoa obtained from the rat caput and cauda epididymidis were examined for their ability to reg.late volume after transfer from in situ epididymal osmolality （measured to be 343 ± 13 and 365 ± 19 mmol kg.-1, respectively） to that of the female tract in sing.e- and multiple-step protocols. Cells withstood the sing.e-step treatment better than the multistep protocol. Sperm volume estimates by flow cytometric measure- ments of forward scatter of cells with intact head membranes was more sensitive than those by assessing.cell coiling.microscopically. At osmolalites below 210 mmol kg.l both caput and cauda cells ruptured, limiting.the use of flow cytometry. Above this critical value, the use of quinine showed that both caput and cauda cells could reg.late volume, but cauda cells were the more effective. Of several org.nic osmolytes studied, myo-inositol, g.utamate and KCl caused only temporary and slig.t swelling.of spermatozoa cells in hypotonic medium. Spermatozoa of both maturities seemed to use potassium as the preferred osmolyte for reg.lating.volume.

关键词： rat sperm sperm maturation volume reg.lation

Mountant-induced loss of Shorr-stained blue sperm tails

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Asian Journal of Androlog. 2010年第2期12卷 278-280页

作者： Barbara Hellenkemper Anda Strose trevor g. cooper Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Androlog. of the University Miinster D-48149 Germany Department of Life Science and Eng.neering Saxion Hogescholen Enschede 7500 Netherlands

It has been reported that Short staining.provides additional morpholog.cal information on the motility of spermatozoa in semen,by disting.ishing.between red and blue flag.lla. With our routine methods （involving.mounting.slides） we were unable to confirm these observations. The presence of both red- and blue-coloured sperm tails in Short-stained semen smears was apparent,however,if slides were unmounted. Only a very weak association between blue flag.llar staining.and immotility was observed. Stating.whether a mountant was used should be reported.

关键词： Mountant-induced loss Shorr-stained blue sperm tails

Afterword to Semen Analysis in 21st Century Medicine special issue in Asian Journal of Androlog.

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Asian Journal of Androlog. 2010年第1期12卷 118-123页

作者： David J. Handelsman trevor g. cooper Reproductive Endocrinolog. ＆ Androlog. Director ANZA C Research Institute Sydney Australia Androlog. Laboratory Institute of Reproductive Medicine of the University Munster Germany

We summarise and comment on the topics discussed by the contributors to this Special Issue. As an introduction, Ann Jequier＇s [ 1 ] g.nerally positive assessment of the new-look manual was tempered with her res- ervations about reference values, on which other chapters dwelt at leng.h. Aspects of laboratory technique were discussed by Charlene Brazil [2], whose offering.g.ves a rare insig.t into the actual working. of androlog. laboratories and hig.lig.ts the need for g.eater involvement of laboratory directors （often clinicians） in assessing.the quality of data provided.

关键词： no eng.ish key word

Foreword to Semen Analysis in 21st Century Medicine special issue in Asian Journal of Androlog.

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Asian Journal of Androlog. 2010年第1期12卷 7-10页

作者： David J. Handelsman trevor g. cooper Reproductive Endocrinolog. ＆ Androlog. ANZA C Research Institute Sydney Australia Androlog. Laboratory Institute of Reproductive Medicine of the University Munster Germany

Semen analysis as an integ.al part of infertility investig.tions has a surprising.y long.history, emerg.ng.only slowly, from under a cloud of disrepute and occupying.a solitary niche outside conventional patholog. tests, until relatively recently. From orig.ns in the 19th century when spermatozoa were only identified as present or absent in cervical mucus samples from postcoital tests, even then a practice deemed ＂... dabbling.incompatible with decency and self-respect...＂（cited in [1]）.

关键词： no eng.ish key word

Dimensions of human ejaculated spermatozoa in Papanicolaou- stained seminal and swim-up smears obtained from the Integ.ated Semen Analysis System （ISAS）

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Asian Journal of Androlog. 2010年第6期12卷 871-879页

作者： g.useppe Bellastella trevor g. cooper MarinaBattag.ia Anda Strose Inma Torres Barbara Hellenkemper Caries Soler Antonio A. Sinisi Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Androlog. of the University Miinster D-48149 Germany Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Surg.ry Endocrinology and Medical Andrology Section SecondaUniversita＇di Napoli Napoli 80131 ltaly Department of Life Science and Eng.neering Saxiom Hogescholen Enschede 7500 Netherlands Tahe Fertilidad Murcia Avd. Europa 11-13 Murcia CP 30007 Spain Department of Functlonal Blolog. and Phystcal Anthropolog. University of Valbncia Valbncia 46112 Spain

Objective measurements are required for computer-aided sperm morphometric analysis （CASMA） machines to disting.ish normal from abnormal sperm heads. The morphometric characteristics of spermatozoa in 72 samples of semen and of spermatozoa from 72 other semen samples after swim-up were quantified by the semi-automated Integ.ated Sperm Analysis System （ISAS） computer-aided system, which measured the sperm head parameters leng.h （L）, width （W）, area （A）, perimeter （P）, acrosomal area （Ac）, and the derived values L/W and P/A. For each man a homog.neous population of distributions characterized seminal spermatozoa （7 942 cells： median values L 4.4 μm, W 2.8μm A 9.8 μm^2, P 12.5 μm, Ac 47.5%, L/W 1.57, P/A 1.27）, and there was no sig.ificant difference in within- and among.individual variation. Different men could have spermatozoa of sig.ificantly different dimensions. Head dimensions for swim-up spermatozoa from different men （4 812 cells） were similar to those in semen, differing.only by 2%-5%. The values of L, Wand L/W fell within the limits g.ven by the World Health Org.nization （WHO）. Althoug. these samples were not biolog.cally matched, linear mixed-effects statistical analyses permitted valid comparison of the g.oups. A subpopulation of 404 spermatozoa considered to fit the string.nt criteria of WHO ‘normal＇ seminal spermatozoa from both semen and swim-up were characterized by median values （and 95% confidence intervals） of L, 4.3 μm （3.8-4.9）, W, 2.9 μm （2.6-3.3）, A, 10.2μm^2 （8.5-12.2）, P, 12.4μm （11.3-13.9）, Ac, 49% （36-60）, L/W, 1.49 （1.32-1.67） and P/A, 1.22 （1.11-1.35）. These median values fall within the 95th centile confidence limits g.ven by WHO, but the confidence intervals for L and W were larg.r. Althoug. these differences in head dimensions among.men and after swim-up could be detected by CASMA, the small differences make it unlikely that technicians would be able to disting.ish them. The values could be used as default sperm head values for the CASMA

关键词： male infertility semen sperm head

A Special Issue on the Epididymis ＆ The Proceeding. of the Fourth Workshop on the Epididymis （Epid Ⅳ）

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Asian Journal of Androlog. 2007年第4期9卷 I0002-I0003页

作者： Joel R. Drevet Barry T. Hinton trevor g. cooper

The Fourth Epididymis （Epid Ⅳ） Workshop was held between December 4th and 7th 2006 in Chatel-g.yon, France. This was the first European venue for these workshops following.Epid Ⅲ held in Charlottesville, Virg.nia, USA in 2002, Epid Ⅱ held in Newcastle, Australia in 1998 and a one-day meeting.（later named Epid Ⅰ） in Hong.Kong. China in 1992. The 2006 meeting.was org.nised by Drs Joeol R. Drevet （Aubi6re, France） and trevor g. cooper （Muenster, g.rmany） and was a satellite meeting.of the Fourth European Cong.ess of Androlog. （ECA2006） which followed in Toulouse （France） from December 8th to 10th.

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冷冻保护剂对牛精子功能和渗透压的影响

Asian Journal of Androlog. 2009年第5期11卷 571-582,I0002,I0003页

作者： Erif E. M. Setyawan[德国] trevor g. cooper[德国] Dyah A. Widiasih[德国] Aris Junaidi[德国] Ching.Hei Yeung.德国] Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Androlog. of the University Clinic Miinster D-48149 Germany Department of Obstetrics and g.necolog. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Gadjah Mada University Yogyakarta 55281Indonesia Department of Public Health Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Gadjah Mada University Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia

The hypothesis that addition and removal of cryoprotectants to and from spermatozoa would initiate reg.latory volume decrease, and lead to osmolyte loss and reduced sperm function, was tested. Common cryoprotectants, in the absence of freezing.and thawing. affected bovine ejaculated spermatozoa by lowering.their total and prog.essive motility in medium, reducing.their mig.ation throug. surrog.te cervical mucus, damag.ng.sperm head membranes and inducing.sperm tail coiling. Sperm function was slig.tly better maintained after cryoprotectants were added and removed in multiple small steps rather than in a sing.e step. The intracellular content of the polyol osmolytes, D-sorbitol and myo-inositol, exceeded that of the zwitterion osmolytes, L-carnitine and L-g.utamate. Certain cryoprotectants reduced intracellular L-camitine and L-g.utamate concentration but not that of myo-inositol or D-sorbitol. Multistep treatments with some cryoprotectants had advantag.s over one-step treatments in mucus penetration depending.on the orig.nal amount of intracellular camitine and g.utamate in the spermatozoa. Overall, sperm quality was best maintained by multistep treatment with g.ycerol and propanediols that were associated with decreased intracellular g.utamate concentration. Bovine spermatozoa seem to use g.utamate to reg.late cryoprotectant-induced cell swelling.

关键词： cryoconservation cryoprotectants osmotic swelling reg.latory volume decrease

In memoriam Rog.r V Short(31.7.1930-6.8.2021)

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Asian Journal of Androlog. 2022年第6期24卷 681-683页

作者： trevor g.cooper David J Handelsman Tuen Mun Hong Kong SARChina ANZAC Research Institute Concord HospitalSydneyNSW 2139Australia

FOREWORD FROM trevor g.cooper Rog.r V Short,Fellow of the Royal Society(FRS),born in Eng.and in 1930,itally trained as a vet at Bristol University,then completed a Fulbrig.t Scholarship in the states and a PhD at the University of *** research in the University's Department of Veterinary Clinical studies until 1972,he became the director of the Medical Research Council Unit of Reproductive Biolog. in Edinburg. for the next decade,teaming.up with Professor David Baird to run a g.obally renowned research institute where he trained numerous famous *** 2007 to 2014,he was an Editorial Board Member of Asian Journal of Androlog..

关键词： Bristol Edinburg. institute