The main purpose of this paper is to extend the Zolotarev's problem concerning with geometric random sums to negative binomial random sums of independent identically distributed random *** extension is equivalent to d...
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The main purpose of this paper is to extend the Zolotarev's problem concerning with geometric random sums to negative binomial random sums of independent identically distributed random *** extension is equivalent to describing all negative binomial infinitely divisible random variables and related *** Trotter-operator technique together with Zolotarev-distance's ideality,some upper bounds of convergence rates of normalized negative binomial random sums(in the sense of convergence in distribution)to Gamma,generalized Laplace and generalized Linnik random variables are *** obtained results are extension and generalization of several known results related to geometric random sums.
In this study,we developed a novel optical-flow algorithm for determining the wall shear-stress on the surface of *** algorithm solves the thin-oil-film equation using a numerical scheme that recovers local features n...
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In this study,we developed a novel optical-flow algorithm for determining the wall shear-stress on the surface of *** algorithm solves the thin-oil-film equation using a numerical scheme that recovers local features neglected by smoothing filters.A variational formulation with a smoothness constraint was applied to extract the global shear-stress *** algorithm was then applied to scalar images generated using direct numerical simulation(DNS)method,which revealed that the errors were smaller than those of conventional *** application of the proposed algorithm to recover the wall shear-stress on a low-aspect-ratio wing and on an axisymmetric boattail model taken as examples in this study showed a strong potential for analysing shear-stress *** to the methods used in previous studies,proposed method reveals more local features of separation line and singular points on object surface.
In this paper,the detection capabilities and system performance of an energy harvesting(EH)Internet of Things(Io T)architecture in the presence of an unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)eavesdropper(UE)are *** communication p...
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In this paper,the detection capabilities and system performance of an energy harvesting(EH)Internet of Things(Io T)architecture in the presence of an unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)eavesdropper(UE)are *** communication protocol is divided into two *** the first phase,a UAV relay(UR)cooperates with a friendly UAV jammer(UJ)to detect the UE,and the UR and UJ harvest energy from a power beacon(PB).In the second phase,a ground base station(GBS)sends a confidential signal to the UR using non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA);the UR then uses its harvested energy to forward this confidential signal to IoT destinations(IDs)using the decode-and-forward(DF)***,the UJ uses its harvested energy to emit an artificial signal to combat the detected UE.A closed-form expression for the probability of detecting the UE(the detection probability,DP)is derived to analyze the detection ***,the intercept probability(IP)and throughput of the considered IoT architecture are ***,we identify the optimal altitudes for the UR and UJ to enhance the system and secrecy *** Carlo simulations are employed to verify our approach.
Core/shell structured CePO4:Tb(Ⅲ)@LaPO4 and CePOa:Tb(Ⅲ) were successfully synthesized in tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP) and diethylene glycol (DEG) solvents for comparison of the two techniques in o...
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Core/shell structured CePO4:Tb(Ⅲ)@LaPO4 and CePOa:Tb(Ⅲ) were successfully synthesized in tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP) and diethylene glycol (DEG) solvents for comparison of the two techniques in open air and closed reaction vessel. Morphology and crystal structure of the core/shell nanophosphors were determined by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which showed that nanophosphors had diameter of about 5-10 nm with the monoclinic monazite phase. The nanophosphors obtained by close vessel procedure showed smaller size, more homogeneity and pure crystallite. The luminescent measurements were done upon the different excitation wavelengths in ultraviolet region and at room temperatm'e to elucidate the influences of the used solvents and the reaction temperatures. It was found that CePO4:Tb@LaPO4 preparedby the close vessel synthesis showed the intensity of green band of the transfer from 5D4 to 7F5 energy level, which was strongly increased, and the luminescent decay time was 3.2 ms, which was longer than that of naked CePO4:Tb phosphor.
A single-layer design of non-uniform metasurface(MS)based circularly polarized(CP)antenna with wideband operation characteristic is proposed and investigated in this *** antenna is excited by a truncated corner square...
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A single-layer design of non-uniform metasurface(MS)based circularly polarized(CP)antenna with wideband operation characteristic is proposed and investigated in this *** antenna is excited by a truncated corner squared patch as a primary radiating CP ***,a non-uniform MS is placed in the same layer with the driven *** increasing the impedance bandwidth,the non-uniform MS also generates two additional CP bands in the high frequency band,leading to significantly increase the antenna’s overall *** use of non-uniform MS distinguishes our design from the other CP MS based antennas in literature,in which the MS is formed by multiple uniform unit cells and placed in different layer with the radiating *** validation,an antenna prototype,whose overall dimensions of 0.94λ_(o)×0.94λ_(o)×0.06λ_(o) at the center operating frequency,is fabricated and experimentally *** measured operating bandwidth with|S11|≤−10 dB and AR≤3 dB is 27.1%(5.1–6.7 GHz)and the broadside gain within this band is from 5.7 to 7.2 *** to the other related works,the proposed antenna has advantage of very wideband operation with single-layer design.
In this study,we synthesized high-performance Carbon Fiber/Gold/Copper(CF/Au/Cu)composite wires by using a 2-step deposition method via sputtering and *** Au was sputtered on PANbased CFs as a pre-treatment,the wettab...
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In this study,we synthesized high-performance Carbon Fiber/Gold/Copper(CF/Au/Cu)composite wires by using a 2-step deposition method via sputtering and *** Au was sputtered on PANbased CFs as a pre-treatment,the wettability and surface reactivity of the CFs were improved,resulting in a homogeneous deposition of Cu on their *** different Cu electrodeposition time,the resulting CF/Au/Cu composite wires could possess a high strength of up to 3.27 GPa(~10 times stronger than copper wires)while their electrical conductivity could be as high as 4.4×10^5 S/cm(~75%of that for copper).More importantly,since the composite wires were lightweight(up to 70%lower than Cu mass density),they are a promising candidate to substitute conventional heavy metal wires in the future electrical applications.
This paper provides insight into the wing kinematics,the power requirement and the dynamic stability characteristics of a hawkmoth model in vertically ascending *** wing kinematics of the hawkmoth model is obtained ba...
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This paper provides insight into the wing kinematics,the power requirement and the dynamic stability characteristics of a hawkmoth model in vertically ascending *** wing kinematics of the hawkmoth model is obtained based on the minimum required power *** optimization process is conducted using genetic and simplex algorithms that are coupled with an artificial neural network to rapidly predict the aerodynamic force and required *** training data for the neural network are generated from an unsteady vortex-lattice *** to hover,the results in this study show the larger flapping frequency and the smaller rotation amplitude of the hawkmoth wing kinematics in ascending ***,more power is required when the ascending speed *** conducting a dynamic modal analysis based on a cycle-average approach,the certain effect of the ascending speed on the modal structures of the hawkmoth model was observed.
Sodium ion batteries (SIBs) are alternatives to lithium ion batteries (LIBs), and offer some significant benefits such as cost reduction and a lower environmental impact;however, to compete with LIBs, further research...
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Sodium ion batteries (SIBs) are alternatives to lithium ion batteries (LIBs), and offer some significant benefits such as cost reduction and a lower environmental impact;however, to compete with LIBs, further research is required to improve the performance of SIBs. In this study, an orthorhombic Na super ionic conductor structural Fe_(2)(MoO_(4))_(3) nanosheet with amorphous-crystalline core-shell alignment was synthesized using a facile low-temperature water-vapor-assisted solid-state reaction and applied as a cathode material for SIBs. The obtained material has a well-defined three-dimensional stacking structure, and exhibits a high specific capacity of 87.8 mAh·g^(−1) at a current density of 1 C = 91 mA·g^(−1) after 1,000 cycles, which is due to the considerable contribution of extra surface-related reaction such as the pseudo-capacitive process. This material shows significantly improved cycling and rated behavior as well as enhanced performance under high- and low-temperature conditions, as compared to the same materials prepared by the conventional high-temperature solid-state reaction. This enhancement is explained by the unique morphology in combination with the improved kinetics of the electrochemical reaction due to its lower charge transfer resistance and higher sodium ion conductivity.
Path planning is a prevalent process that helps mobile robots find the most efficient pathway from the starting position to the goal position to avoid collisions with *** this paper,we propose a novel path planning al...
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Path planning is a prevalent process that helps mobile robots find the most efficient pathway from the starting position to the goal position to avoid collisions with *** this paper,we propose a novel path planning algorithm-Intermediary RRT*-PSO-by utilizing the exploring speed advantages of Rapidly exploring Random Trees and using its solution to feed to a metaheuristic-based optimizer,Particle swarm optimization(PSO),for fine-tuning and *** Phase 1,the start and goal trees are initialized at the starting and goal positions,respectively,and the intermediary tree is initialized at a random unexplored region of the search *** trees were grown until one met the other and then merged and re-initialized in other unexplored *** the start and goal trees merge,the first solution is found and passed through a minimization process to reduce unnecessary *** 2 begins by feeding the minimized solution from Phase 1 as the global best particle of PSO to optimize the *** simulating two special benchmark configurations and six practice configurations with special cases,the results of the study concluded that the proposed method is capable of handling small to large,simple to complex continuous environments,whereas it was very tedious for the previous method to achieve.
This paper presents the application of an artificial neural network to develop an approach to determine and study the energy-optimal wing kinematics of a hovering bionic hawkmoth model.A three-layered artificial neura...
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This paper presents the application of an artificial neural network to develop an approach to determine and study the energy-optimal wing kinematics of a hovering bionic hawkmoth model.A three-layered artificial neural network is used for the rapid prediction of the unsteady aerodynamic force acting on the wings and the required *** this artificial network is integrated into genetic and simplex algorithms,the running time of the optimization process is reduced *** validity of this new approach is confirmed in a comparison with a conventional method using an aerodynamic model based on an extended unsteady vortex-lattice method for a sinu soidal wing kinematics *** studying the obtained results,it is found that actual hawkmoths do not hover under an energy-optimal ***,by tilting the stroke plane and lowering the wing positions,they can compromise and expend some energy to enhance their maneuverability and the stability of their flight.
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