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Use of Three Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy for Node Positive Breast Cancer Does Not Result in Excess Lung and Heart Irradiation

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International Journal of Medical Physics, Clinical Engineering and Radiation Oncology 2017年第1期6卷 1-9页

作者： Phillip Prior Irina Sparks J. Frank Wilson Joseph Bovi Adam Currey Julie Bradley tracy kelly X. Allen Li Julia R White Department of Radiation Oncology Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee WI USA Department of Radiation Oncology Ohio State University Columbus OH USA

Purpose: This work evaluates the use of target and organs at risk (OAR) dose-volume goals in 3D conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) planning for node positive breast cancer (NPBC) patients undergoing regional nodal irradiation after lumpectomy/mastectomy. Methods: Dosimetric data for 262 NPBC patients receiving regional nodal and whole breast/chest wall (WB/CW) irradiation from 2000-2009 were analyzed. In all cases, target & OAR volumes were delineated on treatment CT scans for field generation and dose-volume histograms (DVHs) were generated. Cases were analyzed to identify how frequently they met treatment planning institutional dose-volume goals (“institutional guidelines” & standardized in 2005) and how this would affect OAR doses. Results: The incidence of cases from 2000-2009 meeting current institutional guidelines improved over the study period. Target coverage improved from 2005-2009, when guidelines were followed as a part of the plan approval. Those cases from 2000-2004 meeting acceptable target goals were found to be significantly different from those cases from 2005-2009 (p < 0.01). However, no significant difference between cases meeting OAR goals for plans from 2000-2004 versus 2005-2009 was found. Conclusions: The use of institutional guidelines in 3DCRT for WB/CW and regional nodal irradiation for NPBC patients improved target coverage without a statistically significant increase in heart and lung doses.

关键词： Node Positive Breast Cancer Dose-Volume Goals Target Coverage CT Based Planning

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Of Palaces and Pagodas： Palatial Symbolism in the Buddhist Architecture of Early Medieval China

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Frontiers of History in China 2015年第2期10卷 222-263页

作者： tracy Miller Department of History of Art Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37203 USA

This paper is an inquiry into possible motivations for representing timber-flame architecture in the Buddhist context. By comparing the architectural language of early Buddhist narrative panels and cave temples rendered in stone, I suggest that architectural representation was employed in both masonry and timber to create symbolically charged worship spaces. The replication and multiplication of palace forms on cave walls, in ＂pagodas＂（futu浮圖,fotu 佛圖, or ta 塔）, and as the crowning element of flee-standing pillars reflect a common desire to express and harness divine power, a desire that resulted in a wide variety of mountainous monuments in China. Finally, I provide evidence to suggest that the towering Buddhist monuments of early medieval China are linked morphologically and symbolically to the towering temples of South Asia through the use of both palace forms and sacred man. d. alas as a means to express the divine power and expansive presence of the Buddha.

关键词： Pagoda ta mandala Sumeru Yicihui pillar Yongningsi Songyuesi

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Aye,Two:Langston Hughes’s Sandburgian-Whitmanian Affirmation

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Journal of Foreign Languages and Cultures 2019年第1期3卷 39-48页

作者： Steven tracy University of Massachusetts

Langston Hughes’s work must be seen in context and continuity not only with African American writers like Paul Laurence Dunbar,*** Bois,and James Weldon Johnson,but with acknowledged white forebears such as Walt Whitman and Carl Sandburg.A look at poems by Whitman and Sandburg reveal a writer who modeled some of his work on the writings of the earlier poets,revealing his own aesthetic alterations to the work of these earlier writers and establishing his contribution to the American traditions of poetry.

关键词： folk identity “Negro ”Democratic Bard

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Bugs beneath the surface： the functional significance of soil macroinvertebrates to landscape health in Australia＇s tropical savannas

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Insect Science 2005年第4期12卷 307-312页

作者： tracy ZOE DAWES-GROMADZKI CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems and Tropical Savannas Cooperative Research Centre Australia

Soil macroinvertebrates play an important role in sustaining production and biodiversity in Australia＇ s tropical savannas. For example, termites, through their foraging and nesting activities, recycle nutrients and carbon and produce soil pores that facilitate water infiltration. The challenge ahead is to quantitatively understand the relationships and processes that drive this. What roles do different species and functional groups of macroinvertebrates play in various landscape processes？ What are the effects of different land management practices （e.g., domestic cattle grazing, fire） on these relationships, and the consequences for landscape health？ This paper presents preliminary results from studies in northern Australia, that examine the effects of land condition and domestic cattle grazing on soil macroinvertebrates, and the potential for termites to be used as a tool to restore soil function in degraded areas. In northern Australia, increased degradation seems to be associated with declines in the diversity and activity of macroinvertebrates. Termites appear to be one of the most resilient groups, with some species capable of maintaining activity in degraded landscapes.

关键词： Australia landscape health land management soil function soil macroinvertebrates tropical savanna

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Industry Mix and Curvilinear Spillovers from FDI in China

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Frontiers of Economics in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2013年第4期8卷 535-551页

作者： William M. tracy Lally School of Management and Technology Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY 12309 USA

This paper uses industry and province specific Chinese industrial data to demonstrate a potential causal link between two strands of the FDI literature. The first strand suggests that the impact of spillovers from inward FDI is less robust in middle-income economies than in either high-income or low-income economies. The second strand suggests diminishing returns of inward FDI on horizontal labor productivity in low-technology industries but not in high-technology industries. This paper suggests a link between these two phenomena. Specifically, if both FDI intensity and industry mix vary with the level of economic development, then an industry-dependent relationship between inward FDI and horizontal spillovers could cause middle-income economies to derive fewer benefits from inward FDI than either high- or low-income economies. This paper also verifies the curvilinear relationship between FDI in low-technology industries and horizontal labor productivity without relying on problematic FDI from Hong Kong, Taiwan and Macao.

关键词： foreign direct investment curvilinear China spillovers

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Diagnosis andmanagement of floppy pouch complex

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Gastroenterology Report 2018年第4期6卷 246-256,I0001页

作者： Freeha Khan tracy L.Hull Bo Shen Gastroenterology and Hepatology Center for Inflammatory Bowel DiseaseCleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195USA

Restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch–anal anastomosis has become the surgical treatment of choice for patients with refractory ulcerative colitis,colitis-associated dysplasia or familial adenomatous *** are various pouch disorders and associated *** pouch complex is defined as the presence of pouch prolapse,afferent limb syndrome,enterocele,redundant loop and folding pouch on pouchoscopy,gastrografin pouchogramor *** clinical presentation includes dyschezia,bloating,abdominal pain,straining or the sense of incomplete *** disorder has its own unique endoscopic,radiographic and manometry findings.A range of therapeutic options are available for the management of the various causes of a pouch.

关键词： Floppy pouch complex ileal pouch prolapse afferent limb syndrome efferent limb syndrome ulcerative colitis

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Endoscopic stricturotomy and ileo-colonic resection in patients with primary Crohn’s disease-related distal ileum strictures

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Gastroenterology Report 2020年第4期8卷 312-318,I0002页

作者： Nan Lan tracy L.Hull Bo Shen Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Digestive Disease and Surgery InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA Present affiliation:Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Columbia University Irving Medical Center-New York Presbyterian HospitalNew YorkNY 10032USA.Fax.***.

Background:Stricture is a common presentation of Crohn’s disease with the site of prevalence being the distal *** study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of patients with primary distal ileum stricture treated with endoscopic stricturotomy(ESt)vs ileo-colonic resection(ICR).Methods:All consecutive patients with primary distal ileum stricture that were treated with ESt and/or ICR were extracted from the interventional inflammatory bowel disease(i-IBD)unit from 2001 to *** patients with a stricture>5cmor those with anastomotic strictures were excluded from the *** primary outcomes were surgery-free survival and post-procedural ***:A total of 13 patients receiving ESt and 32 patients receiving ICR were included in this *** the length of the stricture is comparable between the two groups(2.460.9 vs 3.061.1 cm,P=0.17),patients who received surgery had a more complicated obstruction presented by the high pre-stenosis proximal dilation rate(67.7%vs 9.1%,P=0.001).All patients in both groups achieved immediate technical success after *** follow-up durations were 1.8 and 1.5 years in the ESt and ICR groups,*** subsequent surgery rates were similar between the two groups(15.4%vs 18.8%,P=0.79)and the overall surgery-free survival was also comparable between the two groups(P=0.98).Post-procedural adverse events were seen in 2/29 ESt procedures(6.9%per procedure)and 8/32(25.0%)patients receiving ICR(P=0.05).Conclusions:ESt achieved comparable stricture-related surgery-free survival as ICR,while ESt had a numerically lower post-operative complication rate.

关键词： Crohn’s disease stricture endoscopy stricturotomy resection

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Homeostatic responses to amino acid insufficiency

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Animal Nutrition 2015年第3期1卷 135-137页

作者： tracy G.Anthony Department of Nutritional Sciences Rutgers University

This article provides a brief overview describing how two key signaling pathways, namely the integrated stress response and the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1, work together to facilitate cellular adaptation to dietary amino acid insufficiency. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms is leading to identification of novel targets which aid in disease treatments, improve stress recovery and increase health span through slowed aging and enhanced metabolic fitness.

关键词： mTOR GCN2 Integrated stress response Asparaginase Eukaryotic initiation factor 2 Activating transcription factor 4

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Recent development,utilization,treatment and performance of solid wastes additives in asphaltic concrete worldwide:A review

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2022年第5期9卷 693-724页

作者： tracy Leh Xin Wong Mohd Rosli Mohd Hasan Leo Choe Peng School of Civil Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia14300 Nibong TebalPinangMalaysia School of Chemical Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia14300 Nibong TebalPinangMalaysia

Asphalt modifications either involved commercial or recycled waste materials modifiers help optimise and improve the deficient properties of asphalt mixtures relative to current *** manuscript reviews the recycling of waste materials generated from various sources such as household,agricultural and industrial to minimise natural resources exploitation,lower energy demand,and enhance overall pavement *** actual development and implementation of recycled asphalt pavement in numerous countries in Asia,North America,South America,Europe and Africa are emphasised,and their influence on the performance of asphalt pavements is *** pavement showed satisfying performance for years as maintenance and restoration are not ***,solid wastes are required to undergo pre-requisite treatments via mechanical,biological stabilization,thermal or chemical methods before the implementation as asphalt modifiers to ease the handling *** damage issues have been spotted in the implementation of several types of solid wastes and consequently reduced the strength and durability of ***,potential hydrophobic treatment can be adopted to improve the quality of asphalt mixtures by modifying the hydrophilic characteristics that are contributed by the hydroxyl groups on the cellulose nanocrystals(CNCs)or providing a superhydrophobic coating onto the *** treatments greatly weakened the moisture sensitivity of modified materials by reducing their water absorption and increasing their water contact *** modified mixtures are necessary to have identical or enhanced pavement performance to the conventional ***,future researchers are encouraged to broaden the research field in pavement engineering by considering chemical treatments in improving material properties to achieve cost-saving,efficient waste management,and higher commercial *** implementing any virgin materials,waste material

关键词： Sustainable pavement Industrial waste Cleaner environment Resources preservation Hydrophobic treatments Mechanical performances

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Thermoregulation,incubator humidity,and skincare practices in appropriate for gestational age ultra-low birth weight infants:need for more evidence

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第7期20卷 643-652页

作者： Umesh Mishra Deanne August Karen Walker Pranav R.Jani Mark tracy Faculty of Medicine and Health University of SydneySydneyAustralia Department of Neonatology Westmead HospitalWestmeadNSWAustralia Grantley Stable Neonatal Unit Royal Brisbane and Women’s HospitalBrisbaneAustralia School of Nursing Midwifery and Social WorkUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia Department of Newborn Care Royal Prince Alfred HospitalCamperdownAustralia

Background Although not universal,active care is being offered to infants weighing<500 g at birth,referred to as ultra-low birth weight(ULBW)infants appropriate for gestational *** infants have the greatest risk of dying or developing major *** infants face challenges related to fluid and heat loss as well as skin injury in the initial days of life from extreme anatomical and physiological immaturity of the *** there is an emerging literature on the outcomes of ULBW infants,there is a paucity of evidence to inform practice guidelines for delivering optimal care to this cohort of *** sources A comprehensive review of the literature was performed using the PubMed and Embase *** keywords included“thermoregulation or body temperature regulation”,“incubator humidity”,“skin care”,“infant,extremely low birth weight”and“ultra-low birth weight infants”.Results Evidences for thermoregulation,incubator humidity,and skincare practices are available for preterm infants weighing<1500 g at birth but not specifically for ULBW *** on thermoregulation,incubator humidity,or skincare practices had a small sample size and did not include a sub-group analysis for ULBW *** practice recommendations in ULBW infants are adopted from research in very and/or extremely low birth weight *** This narrative review focuses on challenges in thermoregulation,incubator humidity,and skincare practices in ULBW infants,highlights current research gaps and suggests potential developments for informing practices for improving health outcomes in ULBW infants.

关键词： Incubator humidity Neonatal intensive care unit Skincare Thermoregulation Ultra-low birth weight

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