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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2010年第4期37卷 265-279页

作者： tracy L Bergemann Division of Biostatistics University of Minnesota

This research provides a new way to measure error in microarray data in order to improve gene expression analysis. Microarray data contains many sources of error. In order to glean information about mRNA expression levels, the true signal must first be segregated from noise. This research focuses on the variation that can be captured at the spot level in cDNA microarray images. Variation at other levels, due to differences at the array, dye, and block levels, can be corrected for by a variety of existing normalization procedures. Two signal quality estimates that capture the reliability of each spot printed on a microarray are described. A parametric estimate of within-spot vari ance, referred to here as σ^2spot, assumes that pixels follow a normal distribution and are spatially correlated. A non-parametric estimate of error, called the mean square prediction error （MSPE）, assumes that spots of high quality possess pixels that are similar to their neighbors. This paper will provide a framework to use either spot quality measure in downstream analysis, specifically as weights in regression models. Using these spot quality estimates as weights can result in greater efficiency, in a statistical sense, when modeling mi- croarray data.

关键词： microarrays signal quality prediction measurement error models

Of Palaces and Pagodas： Palatial Symbolism in the Buddhist Architecture of Early Medieval China

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Frontiers of History in China 2015年第2期10卷 222-263页

作者： tracy Miller Department of History of Art Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37203 USA

This paper is an inquiry into possible motivations for representing timber-flame architecture in the Buddhist context. By comparing the architectural language of early Buddhist narrative panels and cave temples rendered in stone, I suggest that architectural representation was employed in both masonry and timber to create symbolically charged worship spaces. The replication and multiplication of palace forms on cave walls, in ＂pagodas＂（futu浮圖,fotu 佛圖, or ta 塔）, and as the crowning element of flee-standing pillars reflect a common desire to express and harness divine power, a desire that resulted in a wide variety of mountainous monuments in China. Finally, I provide evidence to suggest that the towering Buddhist monuments of early medieval China are linked morphologically and symbolically to the towering temples of South Asia through the use of both palace forms and sacred man. d. alas as a means to express the divine power and expansive presence of the Buddha.

关键词： Pagoda ta mandala Sumeru Yicihui pillar Yongningsi Songyuesi

Aye,Two:Langston Hughes’s Sandburgian-Whitmanian Affirmation

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Journal of Foreign Languages and Cultures 2019年第1期3卷 39-48页

作者： Steven tracy University of Massachusetts

Langston Hughes’s work must be seen in context and continuity not only with African American writers like Paul Laurence Dunbar,*** Bois,and James Weldon Johnson,but with acknowledged white forebears such as Walt Whitman and Carl Sandburg.A look at poems by Whitman and Sandburg reveal a writer who modeled some of his work on the writings of the earlier poets,revealing his own aesthetic alterations to the work of these earlier writers and establishing his contribution to the American traditions of poetry.

关键词： folk identity “Negro ”Democratic Bard

Bugs beneath the surface： the functional significance of soil macroinvertebrates to landscape health in Australia＇s tropical savannas

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Insect Science 2005年第4期12卷 307-312页

作者： tracy ZOE DAWES-GROMADZKI CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems and Tropical Savannas Cooperative Research Centre Australia

Soil macroinvertebrates play an important role in sustaining production and biodiversity in Australia＇ s tropical savannas. For example, termites, through their foraging and nesting activities, recycle nutrients and carbon and produce soil pores that facilitate water infiltration. The challenge ahead is to quantitatively understand the relationships and processes that drive this. What roles do different species and functional groups of macroinvertebrates play in various landscape processes？ What are the effects of different land management practices （e.g., domestic cattle grazing, fire） on these relationships, and the consequences for landscape health？ This paper presents preliminary results from studies in northern Australia, that examine the effects of land condition and domestic cattle grazing on soil macroinvertebrates, and the potential for termites to be used as a tool to restore soil function in degraded areas. In northern Australia, increased degradation seems to be associated with declines in the diversity and activity of macroinvertebrates. Termites appear to be one of the most resilient groups, with some species capable of maintaining activity in degraded landscapes.

关键词： Australia landscape health land management soil function soil macroinvertebrates tropical savanna

Micronutrient input into a mangrove ecosystem in Jobos Bay,Puerto Rico,by the exotic green iguana Iguana iguana

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Current Zoology 2009年第6期55卷 435-438页

作者： Lindsey Noele SWIERK tracy LANGKILDE Department of Biology The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity Park

Biological invasions are an important and growing component of global environmental change （Vitousek et al., 1996）. Hundreds of billions of dollars are lost each year to invasive species damage and management （Pimentel et al., 2001）. Scientists have responded by conducting research to understand the biology of the invasive species itself, in the hope that such information will allow effective control, and examining the impact of the invader on native taxa to determine the nature and magnitude of its effect.

关键词： Detritus Food web Invasive species Mangrove Microorganisms Reptile

Industry Mix and Curvilinear Spillovers from FDI in China

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Frontiers of Economics in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2013年第4期8卷 535-551页

作者： William M. tracy Lally School of Management and Technology Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY 12309 USA

This paper uses industry and province specific Chinese industrial data to demonstrate a potential causal link between two strands of the FDI literature. The first strand suggests that the impact of spillovers from inward FDI is less robust in middle-income economies than in either high-income or low-income economies. The second strand suggests diminishing returns of inward FDI on horizontal labor productivity in low-technology industries but not in high-technology industries. This paper suggests a link between these two phenomena. Specifically, if both FDI intensity and industry mix vary with the level of economic development, then an industry-dependent relationship between inward FDI and horizontal spillovers could cause middle-income economies to derive fewer benefits from inward FDI than either high- or low-income economies. This paper also verifies the curvilinear relationship between FDI in low-technology industries and horizontal labor productivity without relying on problematic FDI from Hong Kong, Taiwan and Macao.

关键词： foreign direct investment curvilinear China spillovers

Diagnosis andmanagement of floppy pouch complex

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Gastroenterology Report 2018年第4期6卷 246-256,I0001页

作者： Freeha Khan tracy L.Hull Bo Shen Gastroenterology and Hepatology Center for Inflammatory Bowel DiseaseCleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195USA

Restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch–anal anastomosis has become the surgical treatment of choice for patients with refractory ulcerative colitis,colitis-associated dysplasia or familial adenomatous *** are various pouch disorders and associated *** pouch complex is defined as the presence of pouch prolapse,afferent limb syndrome,enterocele,redundant loop and folding pouch on pouchoscopy,gastrografin pouchogramor *** clinical presentation includes dyschezia,bloating,abdominal pain,straining or the sense of incomplete *** disorder has its own unique endoscopic,radiographic and manometry findings.A range of therapeutic options are available for the management of the various causes of a pouch.

关键词： Floppy pouch complex ileal pouch prolapse afferent limb syndrome efferent limb syndrome ulcerative colitis

Endoscopic stricturotomy and ileo-colonic resection in patients with primary Crohn’s disease-related distal ileum strictures

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Gastroenterology Report 2020年第4期8卷 312-318,I0002页

作者： Nan Lan tracy L.Hull Bo Shen Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Digestive Disease and Surgery InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA Present affiliation:Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Columbia University Irving Medical Center-New York Presbyterian HospitalNew YorkNY 10032USA.Fax.***.

Background:Stricture is a common presentation of Crohn’s disease with the site of prevalence being the distal *** study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of patients with primary distal ileum stricture treated with endoscopic stricturotomy(ESt)vs ileo-colonic resection(ICR).Methods:All consecutive patients with primary distal ileum stricture that were treated with ESt and/or ICR were extracted from the interventional inflammatory bowel disease(i-IBD)unit from 2001 to *** patients with a stricture>5cmor those with anastomotic strictures were excluded from the *** primary outcomes were surgery-free survival and post-procedural ***:A total of 13 patients receiving ESt and 32 patients receiving ICR were included in this *** the length of the stricture is comparable between the two groups(2.460.9 vs 3.061.1 cm,P=0.17),patients who received surgery had a more complicated obstruction presented by the high pre-stenosis proximal dilation rate(67.7%vs 9.1%,P=0.001).All patients in both groups achieved immediate technical success after *** follow-up durations were 1.8 and 1.5 years in the ESt and ICR groups,*** subsequent surgery rates were similar between the two groups(15.4%vs 18.8%,P=0.79)and the overall surgery-free survival was also comparable between the two groups(P=0.98).Post-procedural adverse events were seen in 2/29 ESt procedures(6.9%per procedure)and 8/32(25.0%)patients receiving ICR(P=0.05).Conclusions:ESt achieved comparable stricture-related surgery-free survival as ICR,while ESt had a numerically lower post-operative complication rate.

关键词： Crohn’s disease stricture endoscopy stricturotomy resection

Homeostatic responses to amino acid insufficiency

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Animal Nutrition 2015年第3期1卷 135-137页

作者： tracy G.Anthony Department of Nutritional Sciences Rutgers University

This article provides a brief overview describing how two key signaling pathways, namely the integrated stress response and the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1, work together to facilitate cellular adaptation to dietary amino acid insufficiency. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms is leading to identification of novel targets which aid in disease treatments, improve stress recovery and increase health span through slowed aging and enhanced metabolic fitness.

关键词： mTOR GCN2 Integrated stress response Asparaginase Eukaryotic initiation factor 2 Activating transcription factor 4