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Environmental temperatures,physiology and behavior limit the range expansion of invasive Burmese pythons in southeastern USA

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Integrative Zoology 2012年第3期7卷 271-285页

作者： Elliott R.JACOBSON David G.BARKER tracy m.BARKER Richard mAULDIN michael L.AVERY Richard ENGEmAN Stephen SECOR College of Veterinary medicine University of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida Vida Preciosa International(VPI) BoerneTexas US Department of Agriculture Wildlife ServicesNational Wildlife Research CenterFort CollinsColorado US Department of Agriculture Wildlife ServicesNational Wildlife Research CenterGainesvilleFlorida Department of Biological Sciences University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAlabamaUSA

A well-established population of Burmese pythons resides in the Everglades of southern *** in part by a report that identified much of southern USA as suitable habitat for expansion or establishment of the Burmese python,we examined the plausibility of this snake to survive winters at sites north of the *** integrated daily low and high temperatures recorded from October to February from 2005-2011 at Homestead,Orlando and Gainesville,Florida;and Aiken,South Carolina,with minimum temperatures projected for python digestion(16℃),activity(5℃)and survival(0℃).mean low and high temperatures decreased northward from Homestead to Aiken and the number of days of freezing temperatures increased *** was impaired or inhibited for 2 months in the Everglades and up to at least 5 months in Aiken,and activity was increasingly limited northward during these *** of overwinter survivorship document that a single bout of low and freezing temperatures results in python *** capacity for Burmese pythons to successfully overwinter in more temperate regions of the USA is seemingly prohibited because they lack the behaviors to seek refuge from,and the physiology to tolerate,cold *** tropical Southeast Asia is the source of the Everglades Burmese pythons,we predict it is unlikely that they will be able to successfully expand to or colonize more temperate areas of Florida and adjoining states due to their lack of behavioral and physiological traits to seek refuge from cold temperatures.

关键词： ambient temperature Burmese python invasion snake thermal tolerance

Lions, hyenas and mobs （oh my!）

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Current Zoology 2017年第3期63卷 313-322页

作者： Kenna D.S. LEHmANN tracy m. mONTGOmERY Sarah m. mACLACHLAN Jenna m. PARKERC livia S. SPAGNUOLO Kelsey J. VANDEWETERING Patrick S. BILLS Kay E. HOLEKAmP Department of Integrative Biology Michigan State University 288 Farm Lane Room 203 East Lansing MI 48824 USA Ecology Evolutionary Biology and Behavior Michigan State University 293 Farm Lane Room 103 East Lansing MI 48824 USA Department of Fish Wildlife and Conservation Biology Colorado State University 1474 Campus Delivery Fort Collins CO 80523 USA Conservation Ecology and Environmental Informatics School of Natural Resources and Environment University of Michigan 440 Church St. Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA Institute for Cyber Enabled Research Michigan State University Biomedical & Physical Sciences Building 567 Wilson Road Room 1440 East Lansing MI 48824 USA

Understanding the factors that facilitate the emergence of cooperation among organisms is central to the study of social evolution. Spotted hyenas Crocuta crocuta frequently cooperate to mob lions Panthera leo, approaching the lions as a tightknit group while vocalizing loudly in an attempt to overwhelm them and drive them away. Whereas cooperative mobbing behavior has been well documented in birds and some mammals, to our knowledge it has never been described during interactions between 2 apex predators. Using a 27-year dataset, we characterize lion-hyena encoun- ters, assess rates of mobbing behavior observed during these interactions, and inquire whether mobbing results in successful acquisition of food. Lions and hyenas interacted most often at fresh kills, especially as prey size and the number of hyenas present increased. Possession of food at the beginning of an interaction positively affected retention of that food by each predator species. The presence of male lions increased the probability of an interspecific interaction but decreased the likelihood of hyenas obtaining or retaining possession of the food. Hyena mobbing rates were highest at fresh kills, but lower when adult male lions were present. The occurrence of mobbing was predicted by an increase in the number of hyenas present. Whether or not mobbing resulted in acquisition of food from lions was predicted by an increase in the number of mobs formed by the hyenas present, suggesting that cooperation among hyenas enhances their fitness.

关键词： competition cooperation hyena lion mobbing sociality.

Two Grams BID Is an Oral Dosage of Vitamin C to Reduce the Risk of Recurrence of Superficial Bladder Carcinoma

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2015年第2期6卷 169-176页

作者： Edward Folk tracy m. Downs Alfred Roc Ordman Beloit College Biochemistry Program Beloit USA Department of Urology UW-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison USA Beloit College Beloit USA

Background: Continuous exposure to millimolar (mm) Vitamin C (AA) in vitro kills cancer cells. For superficial bladder carcinoma (SBC), standard chemotherapy is instillation of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin. The recurrence rate with this therapy is 91%. But high dosage vitamins including AA reduced the recurrence to 41%. Aim: To determine the oral dosage of AA that causes the highest concentration of AA [AA] in the bladder. method: We conducted a clinical trial of 14 people who took various dosages of AA, and analyzed the [AA] in their urine. Results: AA above 2 g twice a day was not absorbed. But that intake produced a bladder [AA] above 1 mm in all participants. Conclusion: Taking 2 g of AA BID will increase [AA] in the bladder to a level likely to kill cancer cells that cause SBC. Taking that dosage 2 consecutive days a week is likely to reduce the recurrence rate of SBC substantially.

关键词： Cancer Vitamin C LUTS Superficial Bladder Carcinoma

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2019年全球新药研发报告(Ⅲ)

药学进展 2020年第8期44卷 629-640页

作者： Graul A I Pina P tracy m Sorbera L 科睿唯安

通过对全球药品市场新获批和新上市的药物进行年度综述,重点内容包括:截至目前,在囊性纤维化治疗中应用最广泛的Trikafta的获批和上市;首款常规(非应急)接种用的埃博拉疫苗的获批;全球首款疟疾疫苗在3个非洲国家的试点推广;一种新型多... 详细信息

通过对全球药品市场新获批和新上市的药物进行年度综述,重点内容包括:截至目前,在囊性纤维化治疗中应用最广泛的Trikafta的获批和上市;首款常规(非应急)接种用的埃博拉疫苗的获批;全球首款疟疾疫苗在3个非洲国家的试点推广;一种新型多药耐药细菌感染治疗药物的获批;首款阿尔茨海默病原研药在中国的获批上市,结束全球10余年来相关领域无新药上市的历史。随着多款新型免疫检查点抑制剂和抗体药物偶联物的恶性肿瘤适应证相继获批,证实了生物制药行业对恶性肿瘤免疫疗法的投入热情持续上涨。2019年最引人瞩目的趋势是美国FDA授予了创纪录数量的加速审批,其中多项审评的批准早于预期批准日期多达数月。

关键词：新药获批产品线拓展产品新剂型新适应证新联合用药孤儿药同类首创新药加速审批