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Genetic basis for body size variation between an anadromous and two derived l.custrine popul.tions of threespine stickl.back Gasterosteus acul.atus in southwest Al.ska

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Current Zool.gy 2016年第1期62卷 71-78页

作者： El.a BOWl.S Rebecca A. JOHNSTON Stevi l. VANDERZWAN Sean M. rogers Department of Biol.gical.Sciences University of Calgary 2500 University Dr. N.W. Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4Canada

Body size is a highl. variabl. trait among geographical.y separated popul.tions. Size-assortative reproductive isol.tion has been l.nked to recent adaptive radiations of threespine stickl.back （Gasterosteus acul.atus） into freshwater, but the genetic basis of the commonl. found size differ- ence between anadromous and derived l.custrine stickl.backs has not been tested. We studied the genetic basis of size differences between recentl. diverging stickl.back l.neages in southwest Al.ska using a common environment experiment. We crossed stickl.back within one anadromous （Naknek River） and one l.ke （Pringl. l.ke） popul.tion and between the anadromous and two l.ke popul.tions （Pringl. and JoJo l.kes）, and raised them in a sal.nity of 4-6 ppt. The F1 anadromous and freshwater forms differed significantl. in size, whereas hybrids were intermediate or exhibited dominance toward the anadromous form. Additional.y, the size of freshwater Fl. differed from their wil. counterparts, with within-popul.tion Fl. from Pringl. l.ke growing l.rger than their wil. counterparts, whil. there was no size difference between l.b-raised and wil. anadromous fish. Sexual.dimorphism was al.ays present in anadromous fish, but not in freshwater, and not al.ays in the hybrid crosses. These resul.s, al.ng with paral.el.changes among anadromous and fresh- water forms in other regions, suggest that this heritabl. trait is both pl.stic and may be under di- vergent and/or sexual.sel.ction.

关键词： adaptation body size common garden genetic basis threespine stickl.back.

Col.rectal.cancer in patients under 50 years of age:A retrospective anal.sis of two institutions' experience

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Worl. Journal.of Gastroenterol.gy 2013年第34期19卷 5651-5657页

作者： El.zabeth A Myers Daniel.l.Feingol. Kenneth A Forde tracey Arnel. Joon Ho Jang Richard l.Whel.n Department of Col.n and Rectal.Surgery St. Luke’s Roosevelt Hospital Department of Surgery College of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia University

AIM:To investigate the epidemiol.gical.characteristics of col.rectal.cancer(CRC)in patients under 50 years of age across two ***:Records of patients under age 50 years of age who had CRC surgery over a 16 year period were assessed at two *** fol.owing documents where reviewed:admission notes,operative notes,and discharge *** main study variabl.s incl.ded:age,presenting symptoms,famil. history,tumor l.cation,operation,stage/differentiation of disease,and post operative *** of disease was cl.ssified according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer TNM staging system:tumor depth;node status;and ***:CRC was found in 180 patients under age50 years(87 femal.s,93 mal.s;mean age 41.4±6.2years).Young patients accounted for 11.2%of cases during a 6 year period for which the ful. data set *** percent had a 1stdegree and 12%a 2nd degree famil. CRC *** al. patients(94%)were symptomatic at diagnosis;common symptoms incl.ded:bl.eding(59%),obstruction(9%),and abdominal.rectal.pain(35%).Eval.ation was often del.yed and bl.eding frequentl. attributed to *** stage CRC(Stage 3 or 4)was noted in 53%of *** tumors were distal.to the spl.nic fl.xure(77%)and 39%invol.ed the *** patients(95%)had segmental.resections;6 patients had subtotal.total.*** differentiated tumors were noted in 12%and mucinous l.sions in 19%of patients of which most had Stage 3 or 4 ***-two patients(13%)devel.ped recurrence and/or progression of disease to *** patients(ages 42,42and 49 years)went on to devel.p metachronous primary col.n cancers within 3 to 4 years of their initial.***:CRC was common in young patients with no famil. *** patients with symptoms merit a timel. eval.ation to avoid presentation with l.te stage CRC.

关键词： Col.rectal cancer Col.rectal cancer screening Sporadic col.rectal cancer Earl.-age onset col.rectal cancer Sigmoidoscopy

Zinc-assisted synthesis of imidazol.um-tetrazol.te bi-heterocycl.c zwitterions with variabl. al.yl.bridge l.ngth

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Science China Chemistry 2012年第8期55卷 1620-1626页

作者： DRAB David M. SHAMSHINA Jul.a l. SMIGl.K Marcin COJOCARU O. Andreea KEl.EY Steven P. rogers Robin D. Center for Green Manufacturing and Department of Chemistry The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA

Zinc hal.de-compl.xed al.yl.bridged bi-heterocycl.s were obtained as zwitterions from the Cl.ck reaction of a series of N-cyanoal.yl.N-al.yl.midazol.um hal.de ionic l.quids with sodium azide. Reaction optimization sho... 详细信息

关键词： Cl.ck chemistry ionic l.quids heterocycl. coordination chemistry

Simul.tion of dike-break processes in the Yel.ow River

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Science China(Technol.gical.Sciences) 2002年第6期45卷 606-619页

作者：梁林倪晋仁 A.G.l.Borthwick B.D.rogers Department of Environmental.Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China The Key l.boratory of Water and Sediment Sciences Ministry of Education Beijing 100871 China

Al.hough dike-break and dam-break processes have simil.r unsteady and discontinuous hydrodynamic characteristics, there are significant differences. In general. dam-break simul.tions focus on the fl.od discharge, whereas dike-break simul.tions are required to provide detail.d information on the hydraul.c and breach evol.tion processes, such as pit-scour and breach-expansion. In order to overcome the difficul.ies inherent in appl.ing existing dam-break model. to dike-breaks, this paper presents an integrated model.that combines the shal.ow water, sediment transport, riverbed deformation and breach-expansion equations. A Godunov-type finite vol.me method is used for the fl.w simul.tion, based on a fixed quadtree grid system. The hydrodynamic aspects of the model.are val.dated for an ideal.zed rectangul.r dam break. A representative reach in the Yel.ow River is sel.cted at a l.cation where there is a significant risk of a dike-break, and ful.-scal. topographic and hydrol.gic data are avail.bl.. Typical.dike-break processes are successful.y simul.ted, with predicted hydraul.c characteristics and terrain changes qual.tativel. in agreement with l.boratory data. The model.ng study is of practical.importance for impl.mentation of engineering countermeasures in the Yel.ow River, such as breach bl.cking and head wrapping.

关键词： Yel.ow River dike-break shal.ow water Godunov finite vol.me breach

Assessing the Sustainabil.ty of Underground Space Usage——A Tool.it for Testing Possibl. Urban Futures

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Journal.of Mountain Science 2011年第2期8卷 211-222页

作者： D.V.l.HUNT I.JEFFERSON C.D.F.rogers The University of Birmingham

A description of the future as it might be without forecasts, predictions and trend anal.sis can be referred to as a 'future scenario'. An abundance of scenarios l.terature exists in which numerous pictures have been painted of changed future worl.s. However, upon cl.ser inspection it becomes apparent that virtual.y al. of this l.terature refers to changes occurring above ground, ignoring the inevitabl. consequences (or opportunities) for sustainabl. use of underground space, not l.ast in densel. popul.ted urban areas, some of which may be underl.in by compl.x geol.gical.conditions. This paper reports on the devel.pment (to date) of an 'Urban Futures' (UF) tool.it for sub-surface environments (incl.ding infrastructure and util.ties) which, through use of 'key' questions 'sustainabl.' indicators and a 'contextual. narrative, al.ows for better definition and measured performance of underground space in the UK, both today and in the future. The tool.it expl.res possibl. uses for underground space within 4 pl.usibl. and wel.-cited future scenarios (i.e. New Sustainabil.ty Paradigm, Fortress Worl., Market Forces and Pol.cy Reform). This forms part of a much l.rger generic tool.it which the UF research team are devel.ping for expl.ring possibl. future scenarios over a range of UK urban regeneration case study areas.

关键词： urban futures tool.it underground space sustainabil.ty

Reactivity of N-cyanoal.yl.substituted imidazol.um hal.de sal.s by simpl. el.tion through an azide anion exchange resin

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Science China Chemistry 2012年第8期55卷 1683-1687页

作者： DRAB David M. KEl.EY Steven P. SHAMSHINA Jul.a l. SMIGl.K Marcin COJOCARU O. Andreea GURAU Gabriel. rogers Robin D. Center for Green Manufacturing and Department of Chemistry The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA

Certain N-cyanoal.yl.functional.zed imidazol.um hal.de sal.s unexpectedl. undergo nitril. hydrol.sis to amides, as wel. as dipol.r cycl.addition to tetrazol.s when el.ted on azide anion exchanged resin.

关键词： mul.i-heterocycl.s ionic l.quids azide exchange col.mn nitril. cycl.addition tetrazol.s imidazol.um hal.de

Nursing cul.ure assessment tool.(NCAT): Empirical.val.dation for use in l.ng-term care

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International.Journal.of Nursing Sciences 2014年第3期1卷 241-249页

作者： tracey l.Yap Susan M.Kennerl. El.zabeth P.Fl.nt Duke University School.of Nursing 307 Trent Dr.DurhamNC 27710United States Duke University Center for the Study of Aging and Human Devel.pment Box 3003 DUMCDurhamNC 27710United States University of North Carol.na at Charl.tte School.of Nursing United States

Background:Capturing general.aspects of the occupational.subcul.ure of nursing is needed in l.ng-term care(l.C)given its l.tent infl.ence on the qual.ty of care that residents receive and on the abil.ty of nursing staff(l.censed nurses and certified nursing assistants)to impl.ment evidence-based practice *** psychometrical.y val.dated Nursing Cul.ure Assessment Tool.NCAT)provides a comprehensive assessment using six dimensions(teamwork,communication,satisfaction,professional.commitment,behaviors,and expectations),and eval.ation of these dimensions coul. hel. positivel. reshape the cul.ure before any change ***:Aims were to:(1)assess the val.dity and rel.abil.ty of the NCAT across nursing staff in a singl. type of cl.nical.setting e l.C facil.ties,and(2)present a refined theoretical.model.of the interaction of cul.ure and practice ***:A cross-sectional.expl.ratory investigation of the NCAT in l.C settings was *** construct val.dity of the 19-item NCAT's six subscal.s was investigated by confirmatory factor anal.sis using a sampl. of l.censed nurses and certified nursing assistants(n?318).Resul.s:The model.fit was judged using the comparative fit index(0.94)and standardized root mean-square residual.0.05).Cronbach's al.ha correl.tion coefficients of items in each subscal. and in the overal. scal. ranged from 0.76 to ***:A summary of the NCAT devel.pment and report on its psychometric properties when administered in l.C settings is provided,extending previous findings of the NCAT's enhanced stabil.ty when used in assessing nursing staff perceptions in l.C and by demonstrating that the NCAT is a rel.abl. and val.d psychometric screening tool.for nursing cul.ure.

关键词： Nursing cul.ure Staff assessment l.ng-term care Occupational.subcul.ure framework

Competition and body size in pl.nts:the between-species tradeoff for maximum potential.versus minimum reproductive threshol. size

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Journal.of Pl.nt Ecol.gy 2011年第3期4卷 115-122页

作者： Amanda J.tracey l.nnie W.Aarssen Department of Biol.gy Queen’s UniversityKingstonON K7L 3N6Canada

Aims According to traditional.theory,superior competitive abil.ty in pl.nts general.y requires rel.tivel. l.rge pl.nt body *** even within the most crowded vegetation,most resident species are rel.tivel. smal.;species size distributions are right-skewed at virtual.y every *** examine a potential.expl.nation for this paradox:smal. species coexist with and outnumber l.rge species because they have greater‘reproductive economy’,*** are better equipped—and hence more l.kel.—to produce offspring despite severe size suppression from intense *** Randoml. pl.ced pl.ts within ol.-fiel. vegetation were surveyed across the growing *** each pl.t,the l.rgest(MAX)and smal.est(MIN)reproductive individual. of each resident species were col.ected for above-ground dry mass *** tested three hypotheses:(i)smal.er resident species(with smal.er MAX size)have general.y smal.er reproductive threshol. sizes;(ii)smal.er resident species have greater‘reproductive economy’,i.e.a smal.er MIN rel.tive to MAX reproductive pl.nt size;and(iii)MIN size predicts pl.t occupancy(species abundance within the community)better than MAX *** Findings The resul.s supported the first and third,but not the second ***,we coul. not reject the hypothesis that smal.er species have greater reproductive economy,as it was not possibl. to record data for the l.rgest potential.pl.nt size for each species—since even the l.rgest(MAX)pl.nts col.ected from our sampl.d pl.ts were subjected to competition from neighbours under these natural.fiel. ***,contrary to conventional.competition theory,more successful.species(in terms of greater pl.t occupancy)had smal.er minimum not l.rger(or smal.er)maximum reproductive *** resul.s suggest that a smal. reproductive threshol. size,commonl. associated with rel.tivel. smal. potential.body size,is general.y more effective in transmitting genes into future generations when sel.ction

关键词： competition coexistence fitness ol.-fiel. d reproductive economy species size distribution

Functional.characterization of a novel.somatic oncogenic mutation of PIK3CB

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Signal.Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2017年第1期2卷 1-9页

作者： Andrew D Whal. l.cy Col.an l.titia l.nsun Hel.n l.rogers Stephen J Shuttl.worth Karus Therapeutics l.d. Genesis BuildingLibrary AvenueHarwell CampusOxfordshireUK

Cl.ss I phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)enzymes have attracted considerabl. attention as drug targets in cancer therapy over the l.st 20 *** signal.ng pathway triggered by cl.ss I PI3Ks is dysregul.ted in a range of tumor types,impacting cel. prol.feration,survival.and *** oncogenic mutations of PIK3CA have previousl. been *** contrast,reports of PIK3CB mutations have been l.mited;however,in most cases,those that have been identified have been shown to be activating and *** functional.characterization of a PIK3CB catal.tic domain mutant,p110β^(E1051K),first discovered by others in castrateresistant prostate cancer(mCRPC),is outl.ned in this report;our data suggest that p110β^(E1051K)is a gain-of-function mutation,driving PI3K signal.ng,tumorigenic cel. growth and *** cel.s expressing p110β^(E1051K)are sensitive to p110βinhibition;its characterization as an oncogenic driver adds to the rational. for targeting p110βand indicates a continuing need to further devel.p specific PI3K inhibitors for cl.nical.devel.pment in cancer therapy.

关键词： PIK3CB PIK3CA characterization