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Effect of assay conditions on the measurement of dehydrogenase activity of <i>Streptomyces venezuelae</i>using triphenyl tetrazolium chloride

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2011年第4期2卷 214-225页

作者： tracey burdock Marianne Brooks Abdel Ghaly Deepika Dave Marianne S Brooks Associate Professor Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada B3J 2X4.

Jadomycin is an antibiotic that has shown activities against bacteria, yeasts and fungi as well as cytotoxic properties to cancer cells. Because of the wide range of its inhibitory actions, jadomycin shows promise as a novel antibiotic and cancer treatment drug. Streptomyces venezuelae are aerobic bacteria that produce jadomycin and the size of bacterial population can significantly affect the yield of jadomycin. Therefore, the bacterial population must be accurately measured in order to standardize the reproducibility of jadomycin production process. In this study, a dehydrogenase activity measurement test, using triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC), was used to measure the dehydrogenase activity of Streptomyces venezuelae during growth in maltose-yeast extract-malt extract (MYM) broth. The aims were to evaluate the effectiveness of the test for measuring microbial growth and to study the effects of the test conditions (incubation time, incubation temperature and medium pH) on triphenyl formazan (TF) yield. The results showed that the TF yield was highly correlated to the optical density. The highest TF yield was observed at a pH of 6 at all incubation times and temperature. Lower TF yields were obtained at higher temperature (40 and 50oC) compared to those obtained at lower temperatures (22 and 30oC). The difference between the yields obtained at 22oC and 30oC were not significant. The differences between incubation time were also not significant. The recommended test conditions are an incubation time of 1 hour at a temperature of 30oC and a pH of 6 followed by three extractions using methanol.

关键词： Dehydrogenase Activity Growth Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride (TTC) Triphenyl Formazan Jadomycin Streptomyces Venezuelae Temperature pH Incubation Time

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No evidence demonstrating hepatotoxicity associated with hydroxycitric acid

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第32期15卷 4087-4089页

作者： Sidney J Stohs Harry G Preuss Sunny E Ohia Gilbert R Kaats Carl L Keen Lonnie D Williams George A burdock School of Pharmacy and Health Professions Creighton University Medical Center4967 Stillwater TrailFriscoTX 75034United States

Although a number of cases of hepatotoxicity are associated with the use of Hydroxycut weight management products, it has been alleged that their effects are primarily due to the presence of hydroxycitric acid (HCA, as Super CitriMax) in the formulations. However, while these products contain up to 20 different ingredients, some do not contain HCA. Case studies reported to date have not considered in depth the literature on the numerous animal and human studies that have been conducted on the safety and effi cacy of HCA. No HCA-associated hepatotoxicity or treatment-related adverse effects have been reported in these studies, and thus it is premature to make the assumptions presented in the recent case studies regarding Hydroxycut. If it is established in well controlled studies that the use of these formulations with and/or without HCA can result in the occurrence or progression of hepatotoxicity, additional studies should be conducted to characterize the causative factor(s).

关键词： Hydroxycitric acid Super CitriMax Hydroxycitric acid-SX Garcinia cambogia Hydroxycut Liver failure Hepatotoxicity Safety and efficacy

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