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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第9期5卷 1220-1235页

作者： Kossi Adjonou Yaovi Nuto Paul P. Bosu Stephen Adu-Bredu Adzo Dzifa Kokutse Kouami kokou Département de Zoologie Faculté des Sciences Université de Lomé Lomé Togo Forest Research Institute of Ghana (FORIG) Kumasi Ghana Laboratoire de Botanique et Ecologie Végétale Faculté des Sciences Université de Lomé Lomé Togo

West African tropical forests spread from Senegal to Togo. They are considered as one of the world biodiversity hotspots. But these forests are disappearing very quickly because of human activities. In Togo, tropical forests degradation has been increased since 1980 because of improved coffee cultivation;about 67% of forests in the sub-humid mountains zone disappeared between 1978 and 2000. Facing this fast deterioration of the forests, populations begin to plant teak (an exotic species) that is the only choice proposed by local forest service. This survey consists in valuing the potentialities to restore the Togolese tropical forest using the local commercial species, recognized on the wood market. The first species retained is Nauclea diderrichii (De Wild. & Th. Dur.) Merrill, that spreads in the African tropical forest from the Sierra Leonne to Uganda and through the Congo basin. In Togo, this plant species colonises the plain of the Litimé. The objective of the present study is to analyze the distribution of the natural populations in the plain of Litimé forest but also natural and artificial regeneration of the species. The perspective is to repeat this experiment with other local species in other regions of Togo in order to diversify the plantations and to protect the local forest biodiversity.

关键词： Litimé Tropical Forests Degradation Biodiversity Nauclea diderrichii (De Wild. & Th. Dur.) Merrill

Influence of Leachate Recirculation on Landfill Degradation and Biogas Production

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Energy and Power Engineering 2023年第1期15卷 37-51页

作者： kokou N’wuitcha Komlan Déla Donald Aoukou Yawovi Nougbléga Magolmèèna Banna Xavier Chesneau Department of Physics Solar Energy Laboratory University of Lome Lome Togo Department of Physics Laboratory of Mathematics and Physics University of Perpignan Perpignan France

Population growth combined with the rising standard of living of people around the world is the reason for the ever-increasing production of waste which management is costing states a lot of money for its disposal. Among available waste treatment techniques, landfill is one of the most promoted waste management techniques with the emergence of the bioreactor concept. However, the control of biodegradation parameters in order to accelerate waste stabilization is an important issue. For environmental and economic reasons, the technique of leachate recirculation by injection into the waste is increasingly used to improve the degradation of landfilled waste. The injection of leachate is possible using vertical boreholes, horizontal pipes, infiltration ponds or a combination of these. Indeed, moisture is the main factor in waste degradation and biogas production. The migration of leachate to the bottom of the landfill creates low moisture in the upper areas of the landfill reducing the growth of microbial populations. This results in low or no biogas production. The main objective of the present work is to develop a numerical model of leachate recirculation by injection into the waste to rewet the waste and restart biological activity. The analysis of the results shows that the diffusion of the wet front increases with time and depth. The lateral widening of the wet front is slow in relation to the progression of the wet front towards the bottom of the waste cell. This indicates the predominance of gravity effects over diffusion phenomena. The results reveal that the distributed re-injection is the best mode of leachate recirculation because the moisture distribution on the whole waste mass is totally satisfactory and the biogas generation is more important. Leachate recirculation campaigns should be done periodically to rewet the waste, boost microbial activity and hope for a quicker stabilization of the landfill.

关键词： Moisture Leachate Recirculation Biogas Distributed Reinjection Landfill

East African Cassava Mosaic Virus and East African Cassava Mosaic Cameroon Virus: Two Species Emerging in Togo

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第8期15卷 864-876页

作者： Senya Sakina Allado Kossikouma Djodji Adjata Justin Simon Pita Kodjovi Atassé Dansou-Kodjo Assion Sétu Mivedor Koffi tozo Laboratoire de Virologie et de Biotechnologies Vgtales Ecole Suprieure dAgronomie (ESA) Universit de Lom Lom Togo Laboratory of Plant Virology Universit Flix Houphout-Boigny Ple Scientifique et dInnovation Bingerville Cte dIvoire Laboratoire de Physiologie et Biotechnologies Vgtales Facult des Sciences Universit de Lom Lom Togo

Cassava mosaic disease (CMD) caused by the whitefly-transmitted Begomoviruses (family Geminiviridae) is a major threat to production of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in Togo. Survey was conducted in 2020 in the 5 agroecological zones of Togo to assess the status of East African cassava mosaic virus (EACMV), East African cassava mosaic Cameroon virus (EACMCMV) and its distribution. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Sanger sequencing were used for the detection of cassava mosaic Begomoviruses (CMBs) in the sampled leaves. The incidence of EACMV was 47.93% (278/580) and varied between 41.30% (Zone V) and 62.29% (Zone IV) across the agroecological zone but no significant difference was observed. The EACMCMV incidence was 13.67% (38/278) and varied significantly (p ≤ 0.001) through the agroecological zone. Phylogenetic analysis of the viral isolates showed that they are closely related to those from Nigeria, Ghana, and Ivory coast. Nucleotide sequence analysis of CP revealed an overall genetic diversity (π) of around 3.4%. These results showed that EACMV was the predominant virus and that EACMCMV incidence could be more widespread in Togo.

关键词： Begomovirus PCR EACMV EACMCMV Togo Genetic Diversity

Multiplex PCR for Identification and Detection of Cassava Mosaic Begomoviruses in Togo

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Advances in Microbiology 2023年第11期13卷 517-525页

作者： Senya Sakina Allado Djodji Kossikouma Adjata Justin Simon Pita Assion Sétu Mivedor Kodjovi Atassé Dansou-Kodjo Koffi tozo Laboratoire de Virologie et de Biotechnologies Vé g&eacutetales Ecole Sup&eacuterieure d’Agronomie (ESA) Universit&eacute de Lom&eacute Lom&eacute Togo Laboratory of Plant Virology Universit&eacute F&eacutelix Houphou&eumlt-Boigny P&ocircle Scientifique et d’Innovation Bingerville C&ocircte d’Ivoire Laboratoire de Physiologie et Biotechnologies Vé g&eacutetales Facult&eacute des Sciences Universit&eacute de Lom&eacute Lom&eacute Togo

Cassava mosaic disease (CMD) caused by Cassava Mosaic Begomoviruses (CMBs) is one of the most devastating crop diseases and a major constraint for cassava production. In order to ensure surveillance for epidemic prevention, low-cost diagnostic tools are appropriate for large-scale testing of cassava viruses. Multiplex PCR diagnosis is one approach that can reduce diagnostic costs and delays. A multiplex PCR approach was developed for simultaneous detection of African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV), East African Cassava Mosaic Virus and East African cassava mosaic Cameroon virus (EACMV/CM) in Togo CMD-infected cassava leaves. Three primers pairs were used to target their respective viruses in a single tube PCR. Multiplex PCR detected ACMV, EACMV and EACMV/CM in plant DNA extracts prepared from cassava leaves infected with CMB. The primers amplified 783 bp specific to ACMV, 650 bp specific to EACMV and 560 bp specific to EACMCV/CM in both uniplex and multiplex formats. Multiplex PCR is an excellent tool for the effective control of cassava diseases. .

关键词： Cassava Begomovirus CMD CMB EACMV/CM PCR Multiplex

Games of Chance and Money of the Togolese National Lottery in Lomé

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2023年第3期13卷 175-186页

作者： Damega Wenkourama Saliou Salifou Ireti Nethania Elie Ataigba Sonia Kanekatoua Essozimna Pita Gnargogna Bawi Mensah kokou Soedje Kolou Simliwa Dassa Psychiatry Department Kara University Hospital Kara Togo Faculty of Health Sciences University of Kara Kara Togo Zébé Psychiatric Hospital in Aneho Aneho Togo Faculty of Health Sciences University of Lomé Lomé Togo Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Départemental du Borgou Alibor Parakou Bénin Faculty of Health Sciences University of Parakou Parakou Bénin University Hospital Center of the CHU Campus of Lomé Lomé Togo Department of Mental Health Tomdè Regional Hospital Center Kara Togo Medico-Psychological Clinic of Lomé Lomé Togo Department of Psychiatry Service CHU Sylvanus Olympio of Lomé Lomé Togo Department of Psychiatry Service Lomé Campus University Hospital Lomé Togo Department of Adult Psychiatry Faculty of Health Sciences University of Lomé Lomé Togo

Introduction: The addiction to games of chance and money is frequently encountered among some players. The general objective of this study was to describe the level of the gambling addiction among the players of the Togolese National Lottery (LONATO) in the city of Lomé. Method: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study through non-random sampling by convenience surveys, conducted on October 09, 2019 in 20 LONATO plying sites which affected 611 players. The screening was done using the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) questionnaire. Results: Of the 611 players surveyed, 55% were aged 18 to 35 years with an average age of 36 years and the extremes ranging from 14 to 78 years. The male gender was in the majority (84.26%). The prevalence of pathological gambling was 62.52%. Among the pathological gamblers, 16.89% had a family history of pathological gambling, 19.00% had a mood disorder, 28.50% had excessive alcoholism, and 17.15% consumed another psychoactive substance. Cannabis was the most consumed substance (6.87%) followed by tobacco (6.07%) and soporific (6.07%). More than half of players (62.03%) thought that pathological gambling is not a disease. Conclusion: The pathological gambling is a global phenomenon and a reality in Togo. Raising everyone’s awareness will reduce its negative impact on the players.

关键词： Pathological Gambling Addiction LONATO Lomé

Marjolin’s Ulcer at the Kara Teaching Hospital (Togo)

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Surgical Science 2022年第1期13卷 34-39页

作者： Tchaa Hodabalo Towoezim Tamegnon Dossouvi Yaovi Yanick Dellanh kokou Kanassoua Irokoura Kassegne Pio-Faré Gnandi Anani Abalo Ekoué David Dosseh Department of Traumatology Teaching Hospital of Kara University of Kara Kara Togo Department of General Surgery Teaching Hospital of Kara University of Kara Kara Togo Department of Traumatology Regional Hospital of Sokodé University of Lomé Lomé Togo Department of General Surgery Regional Hospital of Kara University of Kara Kara Togo Department of Traumatology Sylvanus Olympio Teaching Hospital of Lomé-Togo University of Lomé Lomé Togo Department of General Surgery Sylvanus Olympio Teaching Hospital of Lomé-Togo University of Lomé Lomé Togo

Marjolin’s ulcer is an aggressive tumor that occurs on a chronic non-healing wounds or burn scars. It’s a rare disease. Histologically, it is most often a squamous cell carcinoma. The real frequency is not known. Its incidence would be higher in developing countries where ancestral beliefs and financial difficulties cause consultation delays. Thus the diagnosis is delayed, due in part to the lack or insufficiency of diagnostic means. Our study aimed to describe the epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic particularities through three cases treated in our center. The delay in consultation resulted in the death of one patient, while for the other two, amputation prevented the extension of the tumor. Limb amputation is increasingly rare in the management of Marjolin’s ulcer, but in our difficult conditions it is still widely practiced when the tumor is localized at the extremity of the limb, without signs of remote invasion.

关键词： Ulcer Marjolin Cancer Squamous Cell Carcinoma Amputation

Physico-Chemical Characterization of Nine Agricultural Biomasses of the Togolese Flora

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International Journal of Geosciences 2023年第1期14卷 19-35页

作者： Adjo Cynthia Kouakou Agbekonyi kokou Agbodan Awèdéou Bakpo Moursalou Koriko Koffi Fiaty Simalou Oudjaniyobi Koffi Jondo Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et des Ressources Naturelles (LAGEPREN) Université de Lomé Lomé Togo Laboratoire Gestion Traitement et Valorisation des Déchets (GTVD) Université de Lomé Lomé Togo Laboratoire d’Automatique de Génie des Procédés et de Génie Pharmaceutique (LAGEPP) Batiment CPE Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Lyon France Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et des Substances Naturelles (Lab COSNat) Université de Lomé Lomé Togo

Green coal or bio-coal is coal produced with rich biodegradable materials, elaborated from agricultural and household residues with a high percentage of carbon. This green charcoal (fuel briquettes) is an alternative to charcoal. Well known for its contribution to greenhouse gas emissions, charcoal is one of the causes of tree felling. The valorization of waste by the manufacture of biofuels could be an alternative to the use of charcoal. The general objective of the present study is the valorization of nine biomasses from Togo as raw materials. Specifically, physico-chemical characteristics such as dehydration, acidity, and conductivity were determined. Information on the structure and composition of the biomass was found. These data on the nature of the biomass were found through the use of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Thermogravimetry (TGA). The promising results inform on the nature of the analyzed samples and allow the selection of the best biomass which would give an important thermal conductivity for the manufacture of the briquettes, but also of the binders to be used according to the physico-chemical characteristics like the pH.

关键词： Biomass Valorization Briquettes Material Fuels Physicochemical Characterization

Urogenital Trauma: Epidemiological and Diagnostic Aspects at the Borgou University and Departmental Hospital Center (Benin)

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Open Journal of Urology 2022年第10期12卷 509-518页

作者： Bio Tamou Sambo Montcho Adrien Hodonou Ayaovi Armel Hadonou kokou Isidore Gandaho Djifid Morel Seto Salako Alexandre Allode Department of Surgery and Surgical Specialties Faculty of Medicine Parakou University Parakou Benin

Objective: To study the epidemiological and diagnostic aspects of urogenital trauma at the Borgou University and Departmental Hospital Center. Material and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study that took place over a period of 4 years and 4 months (52 months) from January 1st 2017 to April 30th 2021. All cases of urogenital trauma treated in the General surgery department during the period were collected. Patient records, hospitalization registers and operating reports were used to collect information. Data entry was done using Epi data 3.1 software, French version. The analysis was performed using MedCalc software (version 19.4.1. Mariakerke, Belgium), and Epi info software version 7. Results: In 52 months, 75 cases of urogenital trauma were collected. The prevalence of urogenital trauma was 1.1% of admissions with an annual incidence of 17.3 cases. The modal age class was [20;40], i.e. 49.3%. Males accounted for 76.0% (n = 57) of cases. Urethral and kidney injuries were found in 33.3% and 21.3%, respectively. The external genitalia was involved in 24.0%. Road traffic accidents occupied the first place with 62.6%. Kidney lesions were revealed by lumbar pain in 62.5% (n = 10) and post traumatic hematuria in 25% (n = 4) of cases. Most of the patients (n = 8, i.e. 50%) were classified as grade I according to the AAST classification. Conclusion: Urogenital trauma is common in our environment and can be life-threatening. Knowledge of their epidemiology will allow for prevention and good management.

关键词： Urogenital Trauma Epidemiology Diagnosis Benin

轴向荷载作用下CFRP约束混凝土圆柱抗压强度的尺寸效应

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轴向荷载作用下CFRP约束混凝土圆柱抗压强度的尺寸效应

作者：艾德（AKOGBE kokou.M.T.ROMUALD）大连理工大学

学位级别：硕士

目前,纤维增强复合聚合物(简称FRP)被当作一种约束材料已经大规模地应用到建筑结构工程中。FRP材料具有高比强度(强度与重量之比)、高拉伸强度、良好的耐久性和易于施工等优点。对于既有建筑结构的加固和补强,FRP材料以显著提高已建成... 详细信息

目前,纤维增强复合聚合物(简称FRP)被当作一种约束材料已经大规模地应用到建筑结构工程中。FRP材料具有高比强度(强度与重量之比)、高拉伸强度、良好的耐久性和易于施工等优点。对于既有建筑结构的加固和补强,FRP材料以显著提高已建成的钢筋混凝土柱的受力性能而得到日益广泛的使用。经过FRP补强的钢筋混凝土柱(有时称为综合加强混凝土柱),在结构工程和桥梁工程中应用较广。本文的主要目的是研究轴向荷载作用下CFRP约束混凝土圆柱的尺寸对抗压强度的影响。试验包括24个不同尺寸的混凝土圆柱试件,小、中和大尺寸柱的直径分别为100、200和300mm,高径比都为2：1。其中,小尺寸、中等尺寸和大尺寸试件分别外包1、2和3层CFRP,以保证每个试件的径向约束力相同。试验结果表明,约束后的混凝土圆柱的抗压强度获得很大程度的提高,并且在约束力相同的条件下,CFRP约束混凝土圆柱单轴抗压强度无尺寸效应。

关键词：尺寸效应抗压强度 CFRP 圆柱体约束

Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Diabetic Patients on Ocular Complications of Diabetes in Lomé(Togo)

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Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases 2022年第9期12卷 197-210页

作者： kokou Vonor Kossi Kodjo Kwam Dodji Godwin Yaovi Tété Koffi Didier Ayéna Méba Banla Komi Patrice Balo Department of Ophthalmology Regional Hospital of Kara Kara Togo Departement of Ophthalmology Faculty of Health Sciences University of Lomé Togo Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital of Lomé Lomé Togo

Introduction: The frequency and severity of eye complications from diabetes make patient education essential, which is the basis for adequate management. What is the level of education of diabetic patients in Lomé? The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of diabetic patients on the ocular complications of diabetes in Lomé. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study by surveys on diabetic patients from April 1 to June 31, 2020, in 6 diabetes management centers in Lomé. The correct response rate was established for each component. Knowledge: poor (≤ 50%), low (50% - 65%), medium (65% - 85%) and good (≥ 85%). Attitudes: harmful (≤ 50%), erroneous (50% - 65%), approximate (65% - 85%) and fair (≥ 85%). Practice: harmful (≤ 50%), inadequate (50% - 65%) and adequate (>65%). Results: Over the study period, 150 patients were enrolled. The mean age was 56.98 ± 13.37 years with a sex ratio of 1.1 (79 men/71 women). The overall level of knowledge was insufficient (50.6%) with 65.5% for general knowledge about diabetes and 35.8% for ocular complications of diabetes. Attitudes were approximate (68.7%). In the case of hyperglycemia, 31.3% of patients would confide in a diabetologist and 22.0% in a general practitioner. If decrease in vision, 84.3% of patients would contact the ophthalmologist. The level of practice was harmful (20.4%). For diabetic follow-up, 36.7% of patients have already seen an ophthalmologist, 41.3% have performed a fundus examination, 17.3% retinal angiography, 4% laser retinal photocoagulation and 2.7% intravitreal injection (IVT). An awareness session on the ocular complications of diabetes was followed by 52.7% of patients and 50.7% of patients followed a therapeutic education session. Conclusion: This study has shown that the level of knowledge was poor, attitudes approximate and practices harmful. It is therefore important to raise awareness about diabetes and its ocular complications with the aim to change behavior.

关键词： Knowledge Attitudes Practices Eye Complications Diabetes Lomé