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Unsupervised Color Segmentation with Reconstructed Spatial Weighted Gaussian Mixture Model and Random Color Histogram

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 3323-3348页

作者： Umer Sadiq khan Zhen Liu Fang Xu Muhib Ullah khan Lerui Chen touseef ahmed khan Muhammad Kashif Khattak Yuquan Zhang School of Computer and Information Science Hubei Engineering UniversityXiaogan432000China Institute for AI Industrial Technology Research Hubei Engineering UniversityXiaogan432000China Key Lab of Mountain Hazards and Surface Processes Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu610041China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China College of Aviation Zhongyuan University of TechnologyZhengzhou451191China Research Center of Digital Mountain and Remote Sensing Application Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu610041China School of Computer Science University of PoonchAzad Jammu Kashmir12350Pakistan School of Computer Science and Information Engineering Hubei UniversityWuhan430062China

Image classification and unsupervised image segmentation can be achieved using the Gaussian mixture *** the Gaussian mixture model enhances the flexibility of image segmentation,it does not reflect spatial information and is sensitive to the segmentation *** this study,we first present an efficient algorithm that incorporates spatial information into the Gaussian mixture model(GMM)without parameter *** proposed model highlights the residual region with considerable information and constructs color ***,we incorporate the content-based color saliency as spatial information in the Gaussian mixture *** segmentation is performed by clustering each pixel into an appropriate component according to the expectation maximization and maximum ***,the random color histogram assigns a unique color to each cluster and creates an attractive color by default for segmentation.A random color histogram serves as an effective tool for data visualization and is instrumental in the creation of generative art,facilitating both analytical and aesthetic *** experiments,we have used the Berkeley segmentation dataset BSDS-500 and Microsoft Research in Cambridge *** the study,the proposed model showcases notable advancements in unsupervised image segmentation,with probabilistic rand index(PRI)values reaching 0.80,BDE scores as low as 12.25 and 12.02,compactness variations at 0.59 and 0.7,and variation of information(VI)reduced to 2.0 and 1.49 for the BSDS-500 and MSRC datasets,respectively,outperforming current leading-edge methods and yielding more precise segmentations.

关键词： Unsupervised segmentation color saliency spatial weighted GMM random color histogram

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Review of Techniques for Integrating Security in Software Development Lifecycle

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 139-172页

作者： Hassan Saeed Imran Shafi Jamil Ahmad Adnan ahmed khan Tahir Khurshaid Imran Ashraf College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering National University of Sciences and Technology(NUST)Rawalpindi46604Pakistan Department of Computer Science Abasyn University Islamabad CampusIslamabad45510Pakistan Military College of Signals National University of Sciences and Technology(NUST)Rawalpindi46600Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan38541Republic of Korea Department of Information and Communication Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan38541Republic of Korea

Software-related security aspects are a growing and legitimate concern,especially with 5G data available just at our *** conduct research in this field,periodic comparative analysis is needed with the new techniques coming up *** purpose of this study is to review the recent developments in the field of security integration in the software development lifecycle(SDLC)by analyzing the articles published in the last two decades and to propose a way *** review follows Kitchenham’s review *** review has been divided into three main stages including planning,execution,and *** the selected 100 articles,it becomes evident that need of a collaborative approach is necessary for addressing critical software security risks(CSSRs)through effective risk management/estimation *** risks using a numeric scale enables a comprehensive understanding of their severity,facilitating focused resource allocation and mitigation *** a comprehensive understanding of potential vulnerabilities and proactive mitigation efforts facilitated by protection poker,organizations can prioritize resources effectively to ensure the successful outcome of projects and initiatives in today’s dynamic threat *** review reveals that threat analysis and security testing are needed to develop automated tools for the *** estimation of effort required to prioritize potential security risks is a big challenge in software *** accuracy of effort estimation can be further improved by exploring new techniques,particularly those involving deep *** is also imperative to validate these effort estimation methods to ensure all potential security threats are *** challenge is selecting the right model for each specific security *** achieve a comprehensive evaluation,researchers should use well-known benchmark checklists.

关键词： Software development lifecycle systematic literature review critical software security risks national institute of standards and technology DevSecOps open web application security project McGraw’s touch points

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Nanosecond pulse and dual-wavelength Q-switched 1.5 μm fiber laser using MAX phase Cr2TiAlC2 saturable absorber

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Optoelectronics Letters 2025年第1期21卷 7-12页

作者： ahmed Shakir AL-HITI Hiba HASSAN Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Anbar Department of Laser and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Technology-Iraq

We demonstrated a new type of MAX phase material, chromium titanium aluminum carbide（Cr2TiAlC2） polymer film, to generate a passively Q-switched erbium-doped fiber laser（EDFL）. The film thickness was measured to be around 45 μm, which was fabricated using the embedding method with polyvinyl alcohol（PVA） polymer as hoster. The saturable absorber（SA） film demonstrates a dual-wavelength passively Q-switched EDFL which operates at 1 531 nm and 1 560.19 nm, respectively. The Q-switching pulse duration could be varied from 2.46 μs to 770 ns, while the repetition rate varied from 92.76 kHz to 106.6 kHz with an increasing input pumping range from 154 mW to 300 mW. The maximum output power and pulse energy of 15.05 mW and 141.18 nJ were obtained at the maximum input power of 300 mW, respectively.

关键词： Saturable absorbers

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Enhancing Solar Photovoltaic Efficiency:A Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis

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Energy Engineering 2025年第1期122卷 153-166页

作者： Rahool Rai Fareed HussainMangi Kashif ahmed Sudhakar Kumaramsay Faculty of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan AbdullahPekan26600PahangMalaysia Faculty of Engineering Science&Technology Hamdard UniversityKarachi74600Pakistan Electrical Engineering Department SUKKUR IBA UniversitySukkur65200Pakistan Berlin School of Business and Innovation BSBI Faculty of Computer Science and InformaticsBerlin12043Germany Automotive Engineering Centre University Malaysia Pahang Al Sultan AbdullahPekan26600PahangMalaysia Centre for Research in Advanced Fluid&Processes(Fluid Centre) Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah(UMPSA)Paya BesarKuantan26300PahangMalaysia

The growing need for sustainable energy solutions,driven by rising energy shortages,environmental concerns,and the depletion of conventional energy sources,has led to a significant focus on renewable *** energy,among the various renewable sources,is particularly appealing due to its abundant ***,the efficiency of commercial solar photovoltaic(PV)modules is hindered by several factors,notably their conversion efficiency,which averages around 19%.This efficiency can further decline to 10%–16%due to temperature increases during peak sunlight *** study investigates the cooling of PV modules by applying water to their front surface through Computational fluid dynamics(CFD).The study aimed to determine the optimal conditions for cooling the PV module by analyzing the interplay between water film thickness,Reynolds number,and their effects on temperature reduction and heat *** CFD analysis revealed that the most effective cooling condition occurred with a 5 mm thick water film and a Reynolds number of *** specific parameters were found to maximize the heat transfer and temperature reduction *** finding is crucial for the development of practical and efficient cooling systems for PV modules,potentially leading to improved performance and longevity of solar *** cooling fluids or advanced cooling techniques that might offer even better efficiency or practical benefits.

关键词： PV module efficiency water film thickness reynolds number CFD analysis PV/T renewable energy

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Vascular endothelial growth factor:a double-edged sword in the development of white matter lesions

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 191-192页

作者： Narek Manukjan Daniel Fulton Zubair ahmed WMatthijs Blankesteijn Sébastien Foulquier Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands CARIM-School for Cardiovascular Diseases Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands Neuroscience and Ophthalmology Institute of Inflammation and AgeingUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamUK Centre for Trauma Sciences Research University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamUK MHeNs-School for Mental Health and Neuroscience Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands Department of Neurology Maastricht University Medical CenterMaastrichtThe Netherlands

As the population ages,the burden of age-related diseases becomes ***,over 55 million people suffer from dementia worldwide,with Alzheimer’s disease being the most common ***,it is becoming clearer that underlying vascular pathology such as cerebral small vessel disease(cSVD)may be a more detrimental cause for dementia(Cuadrado-Godia et al.,2018).It is estimated that 10%-30%of the elderly population and 35%-90%of all dementia patients exhibit signs of *** term cSVD refers to pathology affecting the small vessels of the brain,which can lead to lacunar cerebral infarcts,enlarged perivascular spaces,and cortical hemorrhages(Cuadrado-Godia et al.,2018).CSVD is often associated with cognitive decline,gait problems,and dementia(Cuadrado-Godia et al.,2018).

关键词： pathology becoming white

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Dynamic Interaction Analysis of Coupled Axial-Torsional-Lateral Mechanical Vibrations in Rotary Drilling Systems

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Structural Durability & Health Monitoring 2025年第1期19卷 77-103页

作者： Sabrina Meddah Sid ahmed Tadjer Abdelhakim Idir Kong Fah Tee Mohamed Zinelabidine Doghmane Madjid Kidouche Applied Automation Laboratory Faculty of Hydrocarbons and ChemistryUniversity of BoumerdesBoumerdes35000Algeria Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering(IGEE) University of BoumerdesBoumerdes35000Algeria Laboratory of the Electrification of Industrial Enterprises University of BoumerdesBoumerdes35000Algeria Electrical Engineering Department Mohamed Boudiaf University of M’silaM’sila28000Algeria Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering King Fahd University of Petroleum&MineralsDhahran31261Saudi Arabia Interdisciplinary Research Center for Construction and Building Materials King Fahd University of Petroleum&Minerals(KFUPM)Dhahran31261Saudi Arabia

Maintaining the integrity and longevity of structures is essential in many industries,such as aerospace,nuclear,and *** achieve the cost-effectiveness of large-scale systems in petroleum drilling,a strong emphasis on structural durability and monitoring is *** study focuses on the mechanical vibrations that occur in rotary drilling systems,which have a substantial impact on the structural integrity of drilling *** study speciﬁcally investigates axial,torsional,and lateral vibrations,which might lead to negative consequences such as bit-bounce,chaotic whirling,and high-frequency *** events not only hinder the efﬁciency of drilling but also lead to exhaustion and harm to the system’s components since they are difﬁcult to be detected and controlled in real *** study investigates the dynamic interactions of these vibrations,speciﬁcally in their high-frequency modes,usingﬁeld data obtained from measurement while ***ﬁndings have demonstrated the effect of strong coupling between the high-frequency modes of these vibrations on drilling sys-tem *** obtained results highlight the importance of considering the interconnected impacts of these vibrations when designing and implementing robust control ***,integrating these compo-nents can increase the durability of drill bits and drill strings,as well as improve the ability to monitor and detect ***,by exploiting theseﬁndings,the assessment of structural resilience in rotary drilling systems can be ***,the study demonstrates the capacity of structural health monitoring to improve the quality,dependability,and efﬁciency of rotary drilling systems in the petroleum industry.

关键词： Rotary drilling systems mechanical vibrations structural durability dynamic interaction analysis ﬁeld data analysis

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Conservation Laws for Partially Conservative Variable Mass Systems via d＇Alembert＇s Principle

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Chinese Physics Letters 2008年第9期25卷 3181-3184页

作者： AFTAB ahmed NASEER ahmed QUDRAT khan Department of Mathematics Quaid-I-Azam University 45320 Islamabad 44000 Pakistan

Conservation laws for partially conservative variable mass dynamical systems under symmetric infinitesimal transformations are determined. A generalization of Lagrange-d ＇Alembert＇s principle for a variable mass system in terms of asynchronous virtual variation is presented. The generalized Killing equations are obtained such that their solution yields the transformations and the associated conservation laws. An example illusstrative of the theory is furnished at the end as well.

关键词： the power-law exponents precipitation durative abrupt precipitation change

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Transient flow of magnetized Maxwell nanofluid: Buongiorno model perspective of Cattaneo-Christov theory

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2020年第4期41卷 655-666页

作者： M.khan A.ahmed J.ahmed Department of Mathematics Quaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabad 44000Pakistan Department of Basic Sciences University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila 47050Pakistan

The present research article is devoted to studying the characteristics of Cattaneo-Christov heat and mass fluxes in the Maxwell nanofluid flow caused by a stretching sheet with the magnetic field *** Maxwell nanofluid is investigated with the impact of the Lorentz force to examine the consequence of a magnetic field on the flow characteristics and the transport of *** heat and mass transport mechanisms in the current physical model are analyzed with the modified versions of Fourier’s and Fick’s laws,***,the well-known Buongiorno model for the nanofluids is first introduced together with the Cattaneo-Christov heat and mass fluxes during the transient motion of the Maxwell *** governing partial differential equations(PDEs)for the flow and energy transport phenomena are obtained by using the Maxwell model and the Cattaneo-Christov theory in addition to the laws of *** transformations are used to convert the PDEs into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations(ODEs).The homotopic solution methodology is applied to the nonlinear differential system for an analytic *** results for the time relaxation parameter in the flow,thermal energy,and mass transport equations are discussed *** is noted that higher values of the thermal and solutal relaxation time parameters in the Cattaneo-Christov heat and mass fluxes decline the thermal and concentration fields of the ***,larger values of the thermophoretic force enhance the heat and mass transport in the ***,the Brownian motion of the nanoparticles declines the concentration field and increases the temperature *** validation of the results is assured with the help of numerical tabular data for the surface velocity gradient.

关键词： transient flow Cattaneo-Christov theory Maxwell nanofluid Buongiorno model homotopy analysis method (HAM) solution

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Thermal analysis in swirl motion of Maxwell nanofluid over a rotating circular cylinder

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2020年第9期41卷 1417-1430页

作者： A.ahmed M.khan J.ahmed Department of Mathematics Quaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabad 44000Pakistan Department of Basic Sciences University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila 47050Pakistan

In this paper,the mechanism of thermal energy transport in swirling flow of the Maxwell nanofluid induced by a stretchable rotating cylinder is *** rotation of the cylinder is kept constant in order to avoid the induced axially secondary ***,the novel features of heat generation/absorption,thermal radiation,and Joule heating are studied to control the rate of heat *** effects of Brownian and thermophoretic forces exerted by the Maxwell nanofluid to the transport of thermal energy are investigated by utilizing an effective model for the nanofluid proposed by *** whole physical problem of fluid flow and thermal energy transport is modelled in the form of partial differential equations(PDEs)and transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations(ODEs)with the help of the suitable flow *** acquired results through the technique bvp4c are reported graphically with physical *** analysis reveals that there is higher transport of heat energy in the Maxwell nanoliquid for a constant wall temperature(CWT)as compared with the prescribed surface temperature(PST).Both thermophoretic and Brownian forces enhance the thermal energy transport in the flowing Maxwell ***,the temperature distribution increases with increasing values of the radiation parameter and the Eckert *** is also noted that an increase in Reynolds number reduces the penetration depth,and as a result the flow and transport of energy occur only near the surface of the cylinder.

关键词： Maxwell nanofluid rotating cylinder heat source/sink Joule heating convective condition numerical solution

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Boundary layer flow of Maxwell fluid due to torsional motion of cylinder: modeling and simulation

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2020年第4期41卷 667-680页

作者： M.khan A.ahmed J.ahmed Department of Mathematics Quaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabad 44000Pakistan Department of Basic Sciences University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila 47050Pakistan

This paper investigates the boundary layer flow of the Maxwell fluid around a stretchable horizontal rotating cylinder under the influence of a transverse magnetic *** constitutive flow equations for the current physical problem are modeled and analyzed for the first time in the *** torsional motion of the cylinder is considered with the constant azimuthal velocity *** partial differential equations(PDEs)governing the torsional motion of the Maxwell fluid together with energy transport are simplified with the boundary layer *** current analysis is valid only for a certain range of the positive Reynolds ***,for very large Reynolds numbers,the flow becomes ***,the governing similarity equations are simplified through suitable transformations for the analysis of the large Reynolds *** numerical simulations for the flow,heat,and mass transport phenomena are carried out in view of the bvp4c scheme in *** outcomes reveal that the velocity decays exponentially faster and reduces for higher values of the Reynolds numbers and the flow penetrates shallower into the free stream *** is also noted that the phenomenon of stress relaxation,described by the Deborah number,causes to decline the flow fields and enhance the thermal and solutal energy transport during the fluid *** penetration depth decreases for the transport of heat and mass in the fluid with the higher Reynolds *** excellent validation of the numerical results is assured through tabular data with the existing literature.

关键词： torsional motion Maxwell fluid magnetic field stretchable rotating cylinder bvp4c scheme

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