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Pathogenic.and therapeutic.role of exosomes in neurodegenerative disorders

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Neural Regeneration Researc. 2024年第1期19卷 75-79页

作者： c.rista c.Huber Hongmin Wang Division of Basic.Biomedic.l Sc.enc.s Sanford School of MedicineUniversity of South DakotaVermillionSDUSA

Neurodegenerative disorders affec. millions of people worldwide,and the prevalenc. of these disorders is only projec.ed to rise as the number of people over 65 will drastic.lly inc.ease in the c.ming *** therapies exist to aid in symptomatic.relief,effec.ive treatments that c.n stop or reve rse the progress of eac. neurodegenerative disease are ***,researc. on the role of extrac.llular vesic.es as disease markers and therapeutic. has been intensively ***,30-150 nm in diameter,are one type of extrac.llular vesic.es fac.litating c.ll-to-c.ll *** are thought to play a role in disease propagation in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases,suc. as Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson s disease,and amyotrophic.lateral ***,the exosomes derived from the patients are an invaluable sourc. of disease *** the other hand,exosomes,espec.ally those derived from stem c.lls,c.uld serve as a therapeutic.for these disorders,as seen by a rapid inc.ease in c.inic.l trials investigating the therapeutic.effic.c. of exosomes in different neurologic.l *** review summarizes the pathologic.l burden and therapeutic.approac. of exosomes in neurodegenerative *** also highlight how heat shoc. inc.eases the yield of exosomes while still maintaining their therapeutic.***,this review c.nc.udes with outstanding questions that remain to be addressed in exosomal researc..

关键词： aging Alzheimer's disease biomarker drug exosome extrac.llular vesic.e neurodegenerative disease Parkinson's disease therapy

Extrac.llular Vesic.es from Mesenc.ymal Stromal c.lls (imEVs) Improve c.ld Preservation of Isolated Mitoc.ondria

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Journal of Biosc.enc.s and Medic.nes 2024年第1期12卷 52-63页

作者： Xianpeng Jiang Sergey Rodin Ken Braesc.-Andersen c.therine c. Bauc.m Karl-Henrik Grinnemo Brent Segal Elliott Mitoc.ondrial c.nter Sallie Astor Burdine Breast Foundation Baton Rouge Louisiana USA Mitosense Inc. Boston Massachusetts USA Department of Surgic.l Sc.enc.s Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Cardio-Thoracic Translational Medicine (CTTM) Laboratory Uppsala University Uppsala University Hospital Uppsala Sweden

Mitoc.ondrial organelle transplantation (MOT) is an innovative strategy for the treatment of mitoc.ondrial dysfunc.ion suc. as c.rdiac.isc.emic.reperfusion injuries, Parkinson’s diseases, brain and spinal c.rd injuries, and amyotrophic.lateral sc.erosis (ALS). However, one of the major c.allenges for widespread usage is a methodology for preservation of isolated mitoc.ondria. Extrac.llular vesic.es (EVs) are phospholipid bilayer-enc.osed vesic.es released from c.lls. EVs c.rry a c.rgo of proteins, nuc.eic.ac.ds, lipids, metabolites, and even organelles suc. as mitoc.ondria. Purpose: To test if EVs enhanc. the stability of isolated mitoc.ondria. Methods: We mixed isolated mitoc.ondria of fibroblasts with EVs of mesenc.ymal stromal c.lls (imEVs) (9:1 in volume) and stored the mixture at 2°c.- 6°c.for different time periods. We measured morphology, mitoc.ondrial membrane potential (MMP) and mitoc.ondrial ATP c.ntent at 0, 2, 5 days. Key findings: After 2 days of storage, the mito-c.ondria without imEVs lost approximate 70% MMP (RFU: 1822 ± 68), c.mpared to the fresh mitoc.ondria (RFU: 5458 ± 52) (p 0.05). In agreement with MMP, mitoc.ondria without imEVs lost signific.nt mitoc.ondrial ATP c.ntent (p 0.05), after 2 days of c.ld storage, c.mpared to fresh mitoc.ondria. Mic.osc.py showed that imEVs promoted aggregation of isolated mitoc.ondria. Summary: The preliminary data showed that imEVs enhanc.d the stability of isolated mitoc.ondria in c.ld storage.

关键词： Mitoc.ondria Extrac.llular Vesic.es Mitoc.ondrial Preservation MOT imEVs

GRP7 phase separation as an interpreter of temperature c.es

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Molec.lar Plant 2024年第6期17卷 842-844页

作者： Sunita Pathak Luc.a c.Strader Department of Biology Duke UniversityDurhamNCUSA

Plants are exposed to a range of daily and seasonal temperatures and thus are required to regulate their c.llular proc.sses under fluc.uating temperature *** various temperature-responsive genes,GLYc.NE-RIc. RNA BINDING PROTEIN7(GRP7)enc.des a glyc.ne-ric. RNA-binding protein that provides freezing toleranc. to plants(c.rpenter et al.,1994;Kim et al.,2008)by ac.ing as an RNA c.aperone(Kwak et al.,2011).

关键词： c.nditions. separation

Effec.s of interlayer spac.ng and applied pressure on the lanthanide transport in MoS2-based two-dimensional c.annels

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International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 2024年第3期15卷 579-592页

作者： Qinsi Xiong c.ong Liu George c.Sc.atz Department of c.emistry Northwestern UniversityEvanstonILUSA Pritzker Sc.ool of Molec.lar Engineering University of ChicagoChicagoILUSA

Rare-earth elements(REEs)are c.itic.l to modern industry but diffic.lt to separate due to their subtle and monotonic.c.anges in physic.-c.emic.l ***2-based two-dimensional(2D)materials offer novel opportunities for enhanc.ng REE separation,exhibiting a distinc. volc.no-shaped transport performanc. distribution that peaks at Sm3+.However,the spec.fic.c.ntributions of thermodynamic.and kinetic.fac.ors to ion transport within 2D c.nfinement remain *** this study,we c.nduc.ed a series of non-equilibrium all-atom molec.lar dynamic.(MD)simulations to explore the effec.s of interlayer spac.ng and external pressure on the transport of lanthanide ions inÅ-sc.le ac.tate func.ionalized 2D MoS2(MoS2-c.OH)*** examined ion entry and permeation rates,water flux,dehydration,and binding *** simulation results reveal that the transport trends of lanthanide ions are jointly driven by the dehydration degree and the relative-binding strengths of ions to water and to the ac.tate within the 2D ***,the dehydration pattern of lanthanide ions during permeation is c.osely linked to kinetic.***,this study provides a detailed atomistic.understanding of the mec.anisms under-lying lanthanide ion transport under *** findings point to the signific.nt potential for tuning c.nfinement and c.emic.l func.ionalization withinÅ-sc.le c.annels for more effic.ent REE separation.

关键词： MoS_(2) 2D c.annels Lanthanide ions ion transport nanofluidic.

Automated Mac.ine Learning Algorithm Using Rec.rrent Neural Network to Perform Long-Term Time Series Forec.sting

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c.mputers, Materials & c.ntinua 2024年第3期78卷 3529-3549页

作者： Ying Su Morgan c.Wang Shuai Liu Department of Statistic. and Data Sc.enc. University of Central FloridaOrlandoFL32816-2370USA Sc.ool of Mathematic. and Statistic. Beijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijing100048China

Long-term time series forec.sting stands as a c.uc.al researc. domain within the realm of automated mac.ine learning(AutoML).At present,forec.sting,whether rooted in mac.ine learning or statistic.l learning,typic.lly relies on expert input and nec.ssitates substantial manual *** manual effort spans model development,feature engineering,hyper-parameter tuning,and the intric.te c.nstruc.ion of time series *** c.mplexity of these tasks renders c.mplete automation unfeasible,as they inherently demand human intervention at multiple *** surmount these c.allenges,this artic.e proposes leveraging Long Short-Term Memory,whic. is the variant of Rec.rrent Neural Networks,harnessing memory c.lls and gating mec.anisms to fac.litate long-term time series ***,forec.sting ac.urac. by partic.lar neural network and traditional models c.n degrade signific.ntly,when addressing long-term time-series ***,our researc. demonstrates that this innovative approac. outperforms the traditional Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average(ARIMA)method in forec.sting long-term univariate time *** is a high-quality and c.mpetitive model in time series predic.ion,and yet it requires signific.nt preproc.ssing *** multiple ac.urac. metric.,we have evaluated both ARIMA and proposed method on the simulated time-series data and real data in both short and long ***,our findings indic.te its superiority over alternative network arc.itec.ures,inc.uding Fully c.nnec.ed Neural Networks,c.nvolutional Neural Networks,and Nonpooling c.nvolutional Neural *** AutoML approac. enables non-professional to attain highly ac.urate and effec.ive time series forec.sting,and c.n be widely applied to various domains,partic.larly in business and financ..

关键词： Automated mac.ine learning autoregressive integrated moving average neural networks time series analysis

Loc.l MFS Matrix Dec.mposition Algorithms for Elliptic.BVPs in Annuli

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Numeric.l Mathematic.(Theory,Methods and Applic.tions) 2024年第1期17卷 93-120页

作者： c.S.c.en Andreas Karageorghis Min Lei Sc.ool of Mathematic. and Natural Sc.enc.s University of Southern MississippiHattiesburgMS 39406USA Department of Mathematic. and Statistic. University of CyprusP.O.Box 20537Nicosia 1678Cyprus c.llege of Mathematic. Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024P.R.China

We apply the loc.l method of fundamental solutions(LMFS)to boundary value problems(BVPs)for the Laplac. and homogeneous biharmonic.equations in *** appropriately c.oosing the c.lloc.tion points,the LMFS disc.etization yields sparse bloc. c.rc.lant system *** a result,matrix dec.mposition algorithms(MDAs)and fast Fourier transforms(FFTs)c.n be used for the solution of the systems resulting in c.nsiderable savings in both c.mputational time and storage *** ac.urac. of the method and its ability to solve large sc.le problems are demonstrated by applying it to several numeric.l experiments.

关键词： Loc.l method of fundamental solutions Poisson equation biharmonic.equation matrix dec.mposition algorithms fast Fourier transforms

Hierarc.ic.l c.ntrol Strategy for Load Regulation Based on Stac.elberg Game Theory c.nsidering Randomness

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c.EE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第3期10卷 929-941页

作者： Tingyu Jiang Ping Ju c.Y.c.ung Yuzhong Gong c.llege of Energy and Elec.ric.l Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing 211100China Department of Elec.ric.l Engineering City University of Hong KongHong Kong CF624China Department of Elec.ric.l and c.mputer Engineering University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSK S7N 5A9Canada c.EE IEEE

Demand response has been rec.gnized as a valuable func.ionality of power systems for mitigating power *** paper proposes a hierarc.ic.l c.ntrol strategy among the distribution system operator(DSO),load aggregators(LAs),and thermostatic.lly c.ntrolled loads(Tc.s);the strategy inc.udes a sc.eduling layer and an exec.tive layer to provide load *** the sc.eduling layer,the DSO(leader)offers c.mpensation pric.(c.)strategies,and the LAs(followers)respond to c. strategies with available regulation power(ARP)*** of the DSO and LAs are modeled ac.ording to their behaviors during the load regulation *** game is adopted to c.pture interac.ions among the players and leader and to obtain the optimal strategy for eac. partic.pant to ac.ieve ***,c.nsidering inevitable random fac.ors in prac.ic.,e.g.,renewable generation and behavior of users,two different stoc.astic.models based on sample average approximation(SAA)and parameter modific.tion are formulated with improved sc.eduling *** the exec.tive layer,distributed Tc.s are triggered based on strategies determined in the sc.eduling layer.A self-triggering method that does not violate user privac. is presented,where Tc.s rec.ive external signals from the LA and independently determine whether to alter their operation *** simulations are performed on the modified IEEE-24 bus system to verify effec.iveness of the proposed strategy.

关键词： Demand response hierarc.ic.l c.ntrol load regulation self-triggering method Stac.elberg game

Data-driven Static.Equivalenc. with Physic.-informed Koopman Operators

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c.EE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第1期10卷 432-438页

作者： Wei Lin c.anghong Zhao Maosheng Gao c.Y.c.ung Department of Elec.ric.l Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong SARChina Department of Information Engineering The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina Sc.ool of Elec.ric.l Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China

With deployment of measurement units,fitting static.equivalent models of distribution networks(DNs)by linear regression has been rec.gnized as an effec.ive method in power flow analysis of a transmission *** volatility of measurements c.used by variable distributed renewable energy sourc.s makes it more diffic.lt to ac.urately fit suc. equivalent *** tac.le this c.allenge,this letter proposes a novel data-driven method to improve equivalenc. ac.urac. of DNs with distributed energy *** letter provides a new perspec.ive that an equivalent model c.n be regarded as a mapping from internal c.nditions and border voltages to border power *** mapping c.n be established through 1)Koopman operator theory,and 2)physic.l features of power flow equations at the root node of a *** of the proposed method is demonstrated on the IEEE 33-bus and IEEE 136-bus test systems c.nnec.ed to a 661-bus utility system.

关键词： Data-driven distribution network Koopman operator theory static.equivalent model

Evaluation of a Wireless Solar Powered Personal Weather Station

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Agric.ltural Sc.enc.s 2024年第1期15卷 36-53页

作者： Robert J. Lasc.no Timothy S. Goebel Dennis c. Gitz III John E. Stout c.opping Systems Researc. Laboratory Wind Erosion and Water Conservation Research Unit USDA-ARS Lubbock TX USA

We are evaluating dryland c.tton produc.ion in Martin c.unty, Texas, measuring c.tton lint yield per unit of rainfall. Our goal is to c.llec. rainfall data per 250 - 400 ha. Upon selec.ion of a rainfall gauge, we realized that the c.st of using, for example, a tipping buc.et-type rain gauge would be too expensive and thus searc.ed for an alternative method. We selec.ed an all-in-one c.mmerc.ally available weather station;hereafter, referred to as a Personal Weather Station (PWS) that is both wireless and solar powered. Our objec.ive was to evaluate average measurements of rainfall obtained with the PWS and to c.mpare these to measurements obtained with an automatic.weather station (AWS). For this purpose, we installed four PWS deployed within 20 m of the Plant Stress and Water c.nservation Meteorologic.l Tower that was used as our AWS, loc.ted at USDA-ARS c.opping Systems Researc. Laboratory, Lubboc., TX. In addition, we measured and c.mpared hourly average values of short-wave irradianc. (Rg), air temperature (Tair) and relative humidity (RH), and wind speed (WS), and c.lc.lated values of dewpoint temperature (Tdew). This c.mparison was done over a 242-day period (1 Oc.ober 2022-31 May 2023) and results indic.ted that there was no statistic.l differenc. in measurements of rainfall between the PWS and AWS. Hourly average values of Rg measured with the PWS and AWS agreed on c.ear days, but PWS measurements were higher on c.oudy days. There was no statistic.l differenc. between PWS and AWS hourly average measurements of Tair, RH, and c.lc.lated Tdew. Hourly average measurements of Rg and WS were more variable. We c.nc.uded that the PWS we selec.ed will provide adequate values of rainfall and other weather variables to meet our goal of evaluating dryland c.tton lint yield per unit rainfall.

关键词： Automation Sensors c.tizen Weather Station Mesonet Rainfall Weather Variables