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Geographic expansion of the cabbage butterfly （Pieris rapae） and the evolution of highly UV-reflecting females

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Insect Science 2012年第2期19卷 239-246页

作者： Yuya Fukano toshiyuki Satoh Tadao Hirota Yudai Nishide Yoshiaki Obara Behavioural Biology Department of Animal Life Science Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Fuchu Tokyo Department of Biology Faculty of Science Yamagata University Kojirakawa-machi 1-4-2 Yamagata Japan

Reflection of ultraviolet （UV） light by the wings of the female Eurasian cabbage butterfly, Pieris rapae, shows a large geographic variation. The wings of the female of the European subspecies, P. rapae rapae, reflect little UV light, while butterflies of the Asian subspecies, P. rapae crucivora, may reflect it strongly or at only intermediate levels. The geographic region where P. rapae originated remains to be determined, Moreover, it is not clear if females with wings that reflect little UV light are ancestral to females with wings that reflect UV strongly or vice versa. In the present study, we aimed to determine the geographic origin and ancestral UV pattern of cabbage butterflies through mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA） sequence analysis and amplified fragment length polymorphism （AFLP） analysis. The results of these investigations suggest that P. rapae is of European origin and that it has expanded its distribution eastward to Asia. It follows that the ancestral subspecies is the type with UV-absorbing wings. Lower nucleotide diversities and haplotype network patterns ofmtDNA derived from East Asian populations suggest that population expansion from Europe to East Asia probably occurred fairly recently and at a rapid rate.

关键词： dispersal geographical origin geographical variation UV reflection

Pathological response measured using virtual microscopic slides for gastric cancer patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第35期25卷 5334-5343页

作者： Sadayuki Kawai Tadakazu Shimoda Takashi Nakajima Masanori Terashima Katsuhiro Omae Nozomu Machida Hirofumi yasui Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology Shizuoka Cancer Center Sunto-gun 411-8777 Shizuoka Japan Division of Pathology Shizuoka Cancer Center Suntogun 411-8777 Shizuoka Japan Division of Gastric Surgery Shizuoka Cancer Center Nagaizumi 411- 0932 Shizuoka Japan Clinical Research Center Shizuoka Cancer Center Sunto-gun 411-8777 Shizuoka Japan Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology Shizuoka Cancer Center Suntogun 411-8777 Shizuoka Japan

BACKGROUND Although pathological response is a common endpoint used to assess the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for gastric cancer, the problem of a low rate of concordance from evaluations among pathologists remains unresolved. Moreover, there is no globally accepted consensus regarding the optimal evaluation. A previous study based on a clinical trial suggested that pathological response measured using digitally captured virtual microscopic slides predicted patients’ survival well. However, the pathological concordance rate of this approach and its usefulness in clinical practice were unknown. AIM To investigate the prognostic utility of pathological response measured using digital microscopic slides in clinical practice. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated pathological specimens of gastric cancer patients who underwent NAC followed by surgery and achieved R0 resection between March 2009 and May 2015. Residual tumor area and primary tumor beds were measured in one captured image slide, which contained the largest diameter of the resected specimens. We classified patients with < 10% residual tumor relative to the primary tumorous area as responders, and the rest as non-responders;we then compared overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) between these two groups. Next, we compared the prognostic utility of this method using conventional Japanese criteria. RESULTS Fifty-four patients were evaluated. The concordance rate between two evaluators was 96.2%. Median RFS of 25 responders and 29 non-responders was not reached (NR) vs 18.2 mo [hazard ratio (HR)= 0.35, P = 0.023], and median OS was NR vs 40.7 mo (HR = 0.3, P = 0.016), respectively. This prognostic value was statistically significant even after adjustment for age, eastern cooperative oncology group performance status, macroscopic type, reason for NAC, and T- and Nclassification (HR = 0.23, P = 0.018). This result was also observed even in subgroup analyses for different macroscopic ty

关键词： Stomach neoplasm Neoadjuvant therapy Drug therapy Pathology Prognostic factor

Control Pathways from the Subcortical Limbic Structures to the Trigeminal Motor System in the Lower Brainstem: A Hodological Review

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Neuroscience & Medicine 2015年第1期6卷 24-34页

作者： Yukihiko yasui Department of Anatomy and Morphological Neuroscience Shimane University School of Medicine Izumo Japan

The organization of the emotion-related somatic motor behavior, including jaw movements, is governed not only by the cortical limbic system but also by the subcortical limbic system including the amygdala and hypothalamus. GABAergic neurons in the central amygdaloid nucleus (CeA) and glutamatergic neurons in the posterior lateral hypothalamus (PLH) exert inhibitory and excitatory influences, respectively, upon premotor neurons for the motor trigeminal nucleus (Vm) in the parvicellular reticular formation (RFp) of the medulla oblongata. The CeA also has an inhibitory influence on non-dopaminergic (probably GABAergic) neurons in the retrorubral field of the midbrain that send their axons to the RFp. Furthermore, the CeA and lateral hypothalamus including the PLH may also modulate Vm neurons via projections to the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus which contains the cell bodies of primary afferent neurons conveying inputs from the masticatory muscle spindles or the periodontal ligament receptors to jaw closing motoneurons within the Vm. These pathways from the subcortical limbic structures to the trigeminal motor system in the lower brainstem underlie the regulation of emotional jaw movements.

关键词： Amygdala Hypothalamus Motor Trigeminal Nucleus Jaw Movement Emotion

Relationship between lattice mismatch and ionic conduction of grain boundary in YSZ

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2014年第1期24卷 83-86页

作者： Fei Ye Chunyu Yin Dingrong Ou toshiyuki Mori School of Materials Science and Engineering Dalian University of Technology Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser Ion and Electron BeamsDalian University of TechnologyMinistry of Education Laboratory of Fuel Cells Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Fuel Cell Materials Group Battery Materials UnitNational Institute for Materials Science

The grain boundary plays an important role in the electrical behaviors of solid oxide electrolytes for solid state fuel cells. To reveal the relationship between the structure and the ionic conductivity of grain boundary,the conductive properties of {1 1 1} and {1 1 0} twist grain boundaries in 8 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia have been examined. These boundaries have a series of Σ values defined by the coincident site lattice model. It has been found that the activation energy of {1 1 1} twist grain boundary increases and then decreases with the Σ value,while that of the {1 1 0} boundary shows an opposite trend. It is suggested that the properties can reflect the balance of the effects of lattice mismatch on the diffusion ability of oxygen vacancies and the segregation of oxygen vacancies and Y3 tions. Therefore,the properties in polycrystalline electrolyte can be adjusted by controlling the grain boundary structures.

关键词： Yttria-stabilized zirconia Grain boundary Ionic conduction Mismatch

Present status and future prospect of design of Pt-cerium oxide electrodes for fuel cell applications

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2012年第6期22卷 561-571页

作者： toshiyuki Mori Ding Rong Ou Jin Zou John Drennan Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering.Hokkaido University Kita13Nishi8Kita-ku.Sapporo.Hokkaido 060-8628.Japan Hetero interface design group.Global Research Center for Environment and Energy based on Nanomaterials Science(GREEN).National Institute for Materials Science.1-1 Namiki Tsukuba.Ibaraki 305-0044.Japan Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis The University of QueenslandSt.LuciaBrisbaneQld 4072Australia Laboratory of Fuel Cells Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences457 Zhongshan RoadDalian

In the research field of proton exchange membrane fuel cells,the design of electrocatalytic activities on Pt-oxide promoter in the anode side has attracted attention for improvement of CO tolerance of Pt in anode side and a lowering of large over-potential loss of the oxygen reduction reaction on the cathode in the fuel *** the Pt-oxide promoter series,Pt-CeOx/C is one of the unique *** is because the unique behavior of CeOxsuch as electrochemical redox reaction between Ce3+and Ce4+in the anodic and cathodic reactions of fuel cell is *** present short review gives an overview of the recent works for improvement of the CO tolerance of Pt in the Pt-CeOx/C anodes and enhancement of the oxygen reduction reaction activity on Pt in the Pt-CeOx/C cathodes for fuel cell *** show the design paradigm for fabrication of high quality Pt-CeOx/C electrodes,the authors re-introduced parts of our research results to highlight the important role of interface structure of Pt-CeOxbased on the ultimate analysis results. The usefulness of the combined approach of microanalysis and the processing route design is presented.

关键词： Pt-CeO_x electrode CO tolerance of Pt Oxygen reduction reaction Interface of Pt and cerium oxide Microanalysis

Development of nickel based cermet anode materials in solid oxide fuel cells–Now and future

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Materials Reports(Energy) 2021年第1期1卷 101-126页

作者： Yu Liu Zongping Shao toshiyuki Mori San Ping Jiang WA School of Mines:Minerals Energy and Chemical EngineeringCurtin UniversityPerthWA6102Australia Centre for Green Research in Energy and Environmental Materials National Institute of Materials ScienceTsukubaIbaraki305-0044Japan Department of Physics and Astronomy Fuels and Energy Technology InstituteCurtin UniversityGPO Box U1987PerthWA6845Australia

High temperature solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC)is the most efficient and clean energy conversion technology to electrochemically convert the chemical energy of fuels such as hydrogen,natural gas and hydrocarbons to electricity,and also the most viable alternative to the traditional thermal power ***,the power output of a SOFC critically depends on the characteristics and performance of its key components:anode,electrolyte and *** to the highly reducing environment and strict requirements in electrical conductivity and catalytic activity,there are limited choices in the anode materials of SOFCs,particularly for operation in the intermediate temperature range of 500–800*** them,Ni-based cermets are the most common and popular anode materials of *** objective of this paper is to review the development of Ni-based anode materials in SOFC from the viewpoints of materials microstructure,performance and industrial scalability associated with the fabrication and optimization *** latest advancement in nano-structure architecture,contaminant tolerance and interface optimization of Ni-based cermet anodes is *** at the end of this paper,we propose and appeal for the collaborative work of scientists from different disciplines that enable the inter-fusion research of fabrication,microanalysis and modelling,aiming at the challenges in the development of Ni-based cermet anodes for commercially viable intermediate temperature SOFC or IT-SOFC technologies.

关键词： Ni-based cermet anode Intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell Activity Interface optimization Carbon deposition Sulfur poisoning Multidisciplinary collaborative work

Ankle arthrodesis:A systematic approach and review of the literature

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2016年第11期7卷 700-708页

作者： Youichi yasui Charles P Hannon Dexter Seow John G Kennedy Hospital for Special Surgery Department of Orthopaedic Surgery 2~(nd) Teikyo University School of Medicine

Ankle arthrodesis is a common treatment used for patients with end-stage ankle arthritis(ESAA). The surgical goal of ankle arthrodesis is to obtain bony union between the tibia and talus with adequate alignment [slight valgus(0°-5°)], neutral dorsiflexion, and slight external rotation positions) in order to provide a pain-free plantigrade foot for weightbearing activities. There are many variations in operative technique including deferring approaches(open or arthroscopic) and differing fixation methods(internal or external fixation). Each technique has its advantage and disadvantages. Success of ankle arthrodesis can be dependent on several factors, including patient selection, surgeons' skills, patient comorbidities, operative care, etc. However, from our experience, the majority of ESAA patients obtain successful clinical outcomes. This review aims to outline the indications and goals of arthrodesis for treatment of ESAA and discuss both open and arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis. A systematic step by step operative technique guide is presented for both the arthroscopic and open approaches including a postoperative protocol. We review the current evidence supporting each approach. The review finishes with a report of the most recent evidence of outcomes after both approaches and concerns regarding the development of hindfoot arthritis.

关键词： Ankle Osteoarthritis Arthrodesis Review Ankle fusion

Regulation of the growth of sprouting roots of black locust seedlings using root barrier panels

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第3期34卷 655-664页

作者： Satoshi Kitaoka Shiro Matsunami Yannan Wang Saki Fujita Kobayashi Makoto toshiyuki Hirata Takayoshi Koike Graduate School of Agriculture Hokkaido UniversitySapporo 060-8589Japan The Robust Greenhouse Project of Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-8589Japan Present Address:Oyo Cooperation Ltd Sumitomo BuildingTokyo 101-8486Japan Jiangxi Academy of Forestry Nanchang 330029People’s Republic of China Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute Tsukuba 305-8687Japan Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere Hokkaido UniversitySapporo 060-0809Japan Research Faculty of Agriculture Hokkaido UniversitySapporo 060-8589Japan

How can we regulate an invasive alien species of high commercial value?Black locust(Robinia pseudoacacia L.)has a unique capacity for seed dispersal and high *** surveys indicate that black locust increases its growing area with sprouting roots and the elongation of horizontal roots at a soil depth of 10 ***,a method to regulate the development of horizontal roots could be eff ective in slowing the invasiveness of black *** this study,root barrier panels were tested to inhibit the growth of horizontal *** it is labor intensive to observe the growth of roots in the fi eld,it was investigated in a nursery *** decrease in secondary fl ush,an increase in yellowed leafl ets,and the height in the seedlings were *** root barrier panels to a depth of 30 cm eff ectively inhibit the growth of horizontal roots of young black locust.

关键词： Black locust Horizontal roots Nutrients Root barrier panel Sprouting roots

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SYNTHESES AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A NEW TYPE OF LIQUID CRYSTALLINE POLYESTERS

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 1994年第3期12卷 221-227页

作者：白如科吴承佩邹应芳孙武潘才元 toshiyuki Uryu Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 Institute of Industrial Science Faculty of Engineering University of Tokyo Roppongi Minato-ku Tokyo 106 Japan

A new type of liquid crystalline polyesters with resorcin as one part of the mesogenic unitconnected together by polymethylene, or phenylene group, and lateral groups consisting of arigid azobenzene as another part of the mesogenic unit were synthesized by interfacialpolymerization of diacyl chlorides in 1, 2-dichloroethane and 2, 4-dihydroxy-4'-nitroazobenzen inaqueous alkaline solution. The polyester structures were confirmed by proton NMR and IRspectra. Their phase transition behavior and texture were studied by polarizing microscopy andDSC.

关键词： New liquid crystalline polyesters Synthesis Interfacial polymerization Phase transition temperature Texture of liquid crystalline polymers

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