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尼可地尔在日本冠状动脉疾病研究(JCAD)中对冠状动脉疾病患者心血管事件的影响

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首都食品与医药 2016年第4期23卷 80-80页

作者： Shigeo Horinaka Akihisa Yabe Hiroshi Yagi toshihiko ishimitsu Tsutomu Yamazaki Shinya Suzuki Takahide Kohro Ryozo Nagai 陈浩(译）不详北京四环科宝制药有限公司 100079

（接1月下）在观察研究中,对照组和治疗组之间的协变量不能进行调整,因此药物作用结果可能存在偏差。不过,采用包含药物使用情况的协变量作为条件概率的倾向得分分析,可在2实验组间形成良好的协变量平衡,并减少这种类型的偏差。对每个... 详细信息

（接1月下）在观察研究中,对照组和治疗组之间的协变量不能进行调整,因此药物作用结果可能存在偏差。不过,采用包含药物使用情况的协变量作为条件概率的倾向得分分析,可在2实验组间形成良好的协变量平衡,并减少这种类型的偏差。对每个病人的倾向评分可表明服药的可能性,使用多重逻辑回归分析方法进行计算。所有的临床特征和除尼可地尔以外的药物都用到本计算中。

关键词：尼可地尔 JCAD 协变量倾向评分心血管事件逻辑回归分析药物作用心性死亡磺酰脲类药物稳定性心绞痛

尼可地尔在日本冠状动脉疾病研究(JCAD)中对冠状动脉疾病患者心血管事件的影响

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首都食品与医药 2016年第6期23卷 96-96页

作者： Shigeo Horinaka Akihisa Yabe Hiroshi Yagi toshihiko ishimitsu Tsutomu Yamazaki Shinya Suzuki Takahide Kohro RyozoNagai 陈浩(译) 不详 100079 北京四环科宝制药有限公司

（接2月下）此外,JCAD研究的平均随访期较IONA研究更长,两者分别为2.7和1.6年;I O N A中安慰剂组及J C A D中对照组的全因死亡率分别是129/2561例（5.0%）和156/2,558例（6.1%）。JCAD研究较IONA研究更高死亡率,其原因可能是IHD研究更... 详细信息

（接2月下）此外,JCAD研究的平均随访期较IONA研究更长,两者分别为2.7和1.6年;I O N A中安慰剂组及J C A D中对照组的全因死亡率分别是129/2561例（5.0%）和156/2,558例（6.1%）。JCAD研究较IONA研究更高死亡率,其原因可能是IHD研究更加严格以及观测时间更长。IONA研究的亚组分析也表明,尼可地尔对治疗服用更多抗心绞痛药物的高危患者,或是对更高的加拿大心血管协会（CCS）功能状态评分患者,能起到最大降低绝对风险的作用。

关键词：尼可地尔 JCAD 抗心绞痛药物心血管事件亚组分析观测时间全因死亡率安慰剂心性死亡急性冠脉综合征

Potentials of GHG reductions from wastewater treatment for the CDM

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2011年第7期54卷 1649-1654页

作者： Takaaki FURUBAYASHI toshihiko NAKATA Department of Management Science & Technology Graduate school of Engineering Tohoku University

The study aims to evaluate the potential of GHG （greenhouse gas） reductions by installing an anaerobic digester in a wastewater treatment facility in Southeast Asia. Then the break-even point of additional investment to reduce GHG is obtained by exchanging carbon price as emissions credits. In the project scenario, the wastewater treatment system has the digester, where methane （biogas） is produced and recovered. Compared with the baseline scenario, the biogas has calorific value to produce heat and electricity, and can substitute fossil fuels for power generation. The objective of the study is to define the relationship between CERs （certified emission reductions） and investment costs, and the beak-even point, finding out the dominant pa- rameters in the system. Financial parameters such as capital costs and operating costs are considered to evaluate the investmerit costs. The result shows that the methane recovery reduces 54% of GHG emissions. Although the substitution of the biogas for the fossil fuels reduces only 6% of the GHG emissions, the electricity output can satisfy the electricity consumption. The results also show that the maximum CER credit is 73000 t-COEe/a, and the GHG reduction cost is 14 USD/t-CO2e.

关键词： wastewater treatment system anaerobic digestion GHG reductions developing countries CDM

Floating Type Ocean Wave Power Station Equipped with Hydroelectric Unit

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Journal of Thermal Science 2013年第5期22卷 467-471页

作者： Shun Okamoto Toshiaki Kanemoto toshihiko Umekage Kyushu Institute of Technology Sensui 1-1 Tobata Kitakyushu 804-8550 Japan

The authors have invented the unique ocean wave power station,which is composed of the floating type platform with a pair of the floats lining up at the interval of one wave pitch and the counter-rotating type wave power unit,its runners are submerged in the seawater at the middle position of the *** profiles make the flow velocity at the runner is twice faster than that of the traditional fixed/caisson type OWC,on the ideal flow ***,the runners counter-rotate the inner and the outer armatures of the peculiar generator,respectively,and the relative rotational speed is also twice faster than the speed of the single runner/*** characteristics make the runner diameter large,namely the output higher,as requested,because the torque of the power unit never act on the floating type *** the preliminary reseach,this paper verifies to get the power using a Wells type single runner installed in the model *** runner takes the output which is affected by the oscillating amplitude of the platform,the rotational speed and the inertia force of the runner,etc.

关键词： Renewable energy Ocean wave Float Platform Counter-rotation Power unit

Internal structures and high-velocity frictional properties of a bedding-parallel carbonate fault at Xiaojiaqiao outcrop activated by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake

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Earthquake Science 2012年第3期25卷 197-217页

作者： toshihiko Shimamoto State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics Institute of GeologyChina Earthquake Administration

This paper reports internal structures of a bedding-parallel fault in Permian limestone at Xiaoji-aqiao outcrop that was moved by about 0.5 m during the 2008 MW7.9 Wenchuan earthquake. The fault is located about 3 km to the south from the middle part of Yingxiu-Beichuan fault, a major fault in the Longmenshan fault system that was moved during the earthquake. The outcrop is also located at Anxian transfer zone between the northern and central segments of Yingxiu-Beichuan fault where fault system is complex. Thus the fault is an example of subsidiary faults activated by Wenchuan earthquake. The fault has a strike of 243°or N63°E and a dip of 38°NW and is nearly optimally oriented for thrust motion, in contrast to high-angle coseismic faults at most places. Surface outcrop and two shallow drilling studies reveal that the fault zone is several centimeters wide at most and that the coseismic slip zone during Wenchuan earthquake is about 1 mm thick. Fault zone contains foliated cataclasite, fault breccia, black gouge and yellowish gouge. Many clasts of foliated cataclasite and black gouge contained in fault breccia indicate multiple slip events along this fault. But fossils on both sides of fault do not indicate clear age difference and overall displacement along this fault should not be large. We also report results from high-velocity friction experiments conducted on yellowish gouge from the fault zone using a rotary shear low to high-velocity frictional testing apparatus. Dry experiments at normal stresses of 0.4 to 1.8 MPa and at slip rates of 0.08 to 1.35 m/s reveal dramatic slip weakening from the peak friction coeffcient of around 0.6 to very low steady-state friction coeffcient of 0.1–0.2. Slip weakening parameters of this carbonate fault zone are similar to those of clayey fault gouge from Yingxiu-Beichuan fault at Hongkou outcrop and from Pingxi fault zone. Our experimental result will provide a condition for triggering movement of subsidiary faults or off-faul

关键词： Wenchuan earthquake Longmenshan fault system carbonate fault rock high velocity friction dynamic weakening of fault

Evaluation of interfacial strength by an instrumented indentation method and its application to an actual TBC vane

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2011年第2期24卷 109-117页

作者： Yasuhiro YAMAZAKI Shin-ichiro KUGA toshihiko YOSHIDA Department of Mechanical and Control Engineering Department of Advanced Production Systems Engineering Niigata Institute of Technology Graduate School Ryodensya Co.

The thermal fatigue behaviour of an air plasma sprayed thermal barrier coating was investigated. And also the interfacial strengths of thermal barrier coated specimens subjected to thermal fatigue, as well as a retired TBC vane were also evaluated by means of an instrumented indentation machine. The results indicated that, （1） the TGO grew at the interface during thermal fatigue cycle as a function of the exposure time at elevated temperature; （2） the microcracks were initiated in the top coating and at the interface after thermal cycle tests; （3） the interfacial strength of TBC, which was evaluated by the indentation method, increased with the thermal cycles; （4） the interfacial strength of the retired TBC vane was almost equal with that of the as-sprayed TBC specimen.

关键词： Thermal barrier coating Interfacial fracture toughness Indentation method

Interaction between hepatitis C virus and metabolic factors

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第11期20卷 2888-2901页

作者： Yasunori Kawaguchi toshihiko Mizuta Department of Internal Medicine Saga Medical SchoolSaga 849-8501Japan

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection disrupts the normal metabolism processes, but is also influenced by several of the host’s metabolic factors. An obvious and significantly detrimental pathophysiological feature of HCV infection is insulin resistance in hepatic and peripheral tissues. Substantial research efforts have been put forth recently to elucidate the molecular mechanism of HCV-induced insulin resistance, and several cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, have been identified as important contributors to the development of insulin resistance in the distant peripheral tissues of HCV-infected patients and animal models. The demonstrated etiologies of HCV-induced whole-body insulin resistance include oxidative stress, lipid metabolism abnormalities, hepatic steatosis and iron overload. In addition, myriad effects of this condition have been characterized, including glucose intolerance, resistance to antiviral therapy, progression of hepatic fibrosis, development of hepatocellular carcinoma, and general decrease in quality of life. Metabolic-related conditions and disorders, such as visceral obesity and diabetes mellitus, have been shown to synergistically enhance HCV-induced metabolic disturbance, and are associated with worse prognosis. Yet, the molecular interactions between HCV-induced metabolic disturbance and host-associated metabolic factors remain largely unknown. The diet and lifestyle recommendations for chronic hepatitis C are basically the same as those for obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Specifically, patients are suggested to restrict their dietary iron intake, abstain from alcohol and tobacco, and increase their intake of green tea and coffee (to attain the beneficial effects of caffeine and polyphenols). While successful clinical management of HCV-infected patients with metabolic disorders has also been achieved with some anti-diabetic (i.e., metformin) and anti-lipid (i.e., statins) medications, it is recommended th

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Insulin resistance Diabetes Lipid metabolism abnormality Hepatic steatosis Iron overload Oxidative stress Visceral obesity

Leptin transiently antagonizes ghrelin and long-lastingly orexin in regulation of Ca^(2+) signaling in neuropeptide Y neurons of the arcuate nucleus

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第41期14卷 6347-6354页

作者： Daisuke Kohno Shigetomo Suyama toshihiko Yada Division of Integrative Physiology Department of Physiology Jichi Medical University School of Medicine Yakushiji 3311-1 Shimotsuke

AIM： To explore the mechanism for interactions of leptin with ghrelin and orexin in the arcuate nucleus （ARC） activating neuropeptide Y （NPY） neurons during physiological regulation of feeding, METHODS： Single neurons from ARC of adult rats with matured feeding function were isolated. [Ca2＋]i was measured to monitore their activities. The time course of leptin effects on ghrelin-induced versus orexin-induced [Ca2＋]i increases in NPY neurons was studied. RESULTS： Administration of ghrelin or orexin-A at 101~ mol/L increased cytosolic Ca2~ concentration （[Ca2＋]~） in NPY neurons isolated from the ARC of adult rats. Upon administration of leptin at 10^-14-10^-12 mol/L, ghrelin-induced [Ca2＋]i increases were initially （〈 10 min） inhibited but later restored, exhibiting a transient pattern of inhibition. In contrast, orexin-induced [Ca2＋]i increases were inhibited by leptin in a long- lasting manner. Furthermore, a prior administration of leptin inhibited orexin action but not ghrelin action to increase ICa 2＋li, CONCLUSION： Leptin counteracted ghrelin effects transiently and orexin effects long-lastingly in NPY neurons. The transient property with which leptin counteracts ghrelin action in NPY neurons may allow the fasting-associated increase in ghrelin levels to activate NPY neurons in the presence of physiological leptin and to stimulate feeding.

关键词： Leptin Ghrelin Orexin Arcuate nucleus Neuropeptide Y Ca2+ Feeding Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase Phosphodiesterase 3 Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3

Considerations in Applying the General Equilibrium Approach to Environmental Health Assessment

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2005年第5期18卷 356-361页

作者： YUE WAN HONG-WEI YANG AND toshihiko MASUI Department of Social Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology Japan Center for Energy Environment ＆ Climate Change Energy Research Institute National Development ＆ Reform Commission China Social ＆ Environmental Systems Division National Institute for Environmental Studies Japan

There are currently two commonly used approaches to assessing economic impacts of health damage resulting from environmental pollution： human capital approach （HCA） and willingness-to-pay （WTP）. WTP can be further divided into averted expenditure approach （AEA）, hedonlc wage approach （HWA）, contingent valuation approach （CVA） and hedonlc price approach （HPA）. A general review of the principles behind these approaches by the authors indicates that these methods are incapable of unveiling the mechanism of health impact from the point of view of national economy. On a basis of economic system, the shocks brought about by health effects of environmental pollution change the labor supply and medical expenditure, which in turn affects the level of production activity in each sector and the total final consumption pattern of the society. The general equilibrium approach within the framework of macroeconomic theory is able to estimate the health impact on national economy comprehensively and objectively. Its mechanism and applicability are discussed in detail by the authors.

关键词： Human capital approach Willingness-to-pay General equilibrium approach