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Oxalic acid in ginger specifically denatures the acrid raphides in the unprocessed dried tuber of Pinellia ternata

Acupuncture and Herbal Medicine 2022年第1期2卷 33-40页

作者： Tsukasa Fueki Itsuki Nose Yan Liu Koichiro Tanaka Takao Namiki toshiaki makino Matsuya Pharmacy NiigataJapan Department of Pharmacognosy Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesNagoya City UniversityNagoyaJapan Department of Traditional Medicine Toho University School of MedicineTokyoJapan Department of Japanese-Oriental(Kampo)Medicine Graduate School of MedicineChiba UniversityChibaJapan

Objective:Pinellia Tuber,the dried tuber of Pinellia ternata,is widely used in Japanese Kampo medicines and traditional Chinese *** unprocessed Pinellia Tuber is known to cause very strong acrid irritation at oral and laryngopharynx *** studies have shown that the sharp needle-like crystals called raphides,that are composed of calcium oxalate and proteins,are the main causative substances of the ***,the rhizome of Zingiber officinale,has been used in the processing to reduce the acridity of Pinellia Tuber since before the sixth century,however,the mechanisms of reducing acridity have not been scientifically proved ***:We developed the raphides denaturation assay(RDA)to quantify the degree of denaturation in the raphides to cause *** their lipophilic characters,the raphides could be extracted in petroleum ether(PE)layer from powdered Pinellia Tuber suspended in water,and the contents of the raphides in PE layer were measured by the *** this assay,we conducted the activity-guided fractionation from the boiling water extract of ginger to find the ingredients to denature the *** also conducted the gustatory tests to detect the change of the irritation of the denatured ***:The treatment of powdered Pinellia Tuber suspension with ginger extract reduced the distribution of raphides in PE layer in RDA in a concentration-dependent *** activity-guided fractionation using RDA revealed that oxalic acid was the main active ingredient in ginger extract to denature the raphides of Pinellia *** acid reduced the lipophilicity of the raphides in the thermo-,time-,and concentration-dependent manners,and its activity was affected by *** treatment of powdered Pinellia Tuber suspension with oxalic acid significantly reduced its acrid irritation in gustatory test in ***:We found that oxalic acid is the main active ingredient in ginger to reduce the acrid irritation of Pinell

关键词： Acridity Ginger Pinellia ternata Pinellia Tuber Processing Raphide

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α-淀粉和甘草甜素在半夏传统炮制中对刺激性针晶的变性作用

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Acupuncture and Herbal Medicine 2023年第1期3卷 38-45页

作者：笛木司能瀬逸紀刘艳田中耕一郎並木隆雄牧野利明松屋药局新潟日本名古屋市立大学大学院药学研究科愛知日本東邦大学医学部漢方医学東京日本千葉大学医学部漢方医学千葉日本

目的:生半夏,植物半夏的干燥块茎,当以生的形式吞食时,会对口腔和喉咙造成严重的辛辣刺激。根据中医理论,通过加热或使用生姜、甘草、明矾或石灰进行处理后可以减轻这种辛辣感。尽管这些解毒方法自古为人所知,但人们对其解毒半夏块茎的... 详细信息

目的:生半夏,植物半夏的干燥块茎,当以生的形式吞食时,会对口腔和喉咙造成严重的辛辣刺激。根据中医理论,通过加热或使用生姜、甘草、明矾或石灰进行处理后可以减轻这种辛辣感。尽管这些解毒方法自古为人所知,但人们对其解毒半夏块茎的机制知之甚少。在本研究中,我们旨在揭示α-淀粉和甘草中的甘草甜素对半夏块茎解毒的有效性。方法:之前,我们发现生半夏的完整针晶具有亲脂性,而针晶变性会降低其亲油性和辛辣性。因此,我们开发了一种针晶变性测定方法(RDA),通过测量包含针晶石油醚(PE)层的吸光度来量化针晶的变性程度。然后使用该测定法测定α-淀粉或甘草(植物甘草的根和匍匐茎)煎剂对针晶变性的影响。结果:α-淀粉处理针晶显著增强了针晶的热变性。甘草煎剂、甘草酸和甘草次酸在高pH值下以钙依赖的方式显著变性针晶。甘草酸和甘草次酸也附着在变性针晶上。结论:半夏块茎中的α-淀粉在加热后有助于解毒。在传统的用甘草和石灰炮制半夏块茎的方法中,甘草中的甘草酸和钙离子对针晶的变性起着重要作用。

关键词：半夏针晶炮制 α-淀粉甘草次酸

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Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis mimicking gallbladder carcinoma with a false-positive result on fluorodeoxyglucose PET

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第29期15卷 3691-3693页

作者： Isamu makino Takahiro Yamaguchi Nariatsu Sato toshiaki Yasui Ichiro Kita Department of Surgery Kanazawa Social Insurance Hospital Kanazawa Ishikawa 920-8610 Japan

Recently, several reports have demonstrated that fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is useful in differentiating between benign and malignant lesions in the gallbladder. However, there is a limitation in the ability of FDG-PET to differentiate between inflammatory and malignant lesions. We herein present a case of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis misdiagnosed as gallbladder carcinoma by ultrasonography and computed tomography. FDG-PET also showed increased activity. In this case, FDG-PET findings resulted in a false-positive for the diagnosis of gallbladder ***, several reports have demonstrated that fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is useful in differentiating between benign and malignant lesions in the gallbladder. However, there is a limitation in the ability of FDG-PET to differentiate between inflammatory and malignant lesions. We herein present a case of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis misdiagnosed as gallbladder carcinoma by ultrasonography and computed tomography. FDG-PET also showed increased activity. In this case, FDG-PET findings resulted in a false-positive for the diagnosis of gallbladder carcinoma.

关键词：胆囊炎肉芽肿阳性 FDG PET 断层扫描黄色癌

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HPLC法同时测定野葛花中4种异黄酮成分的含量

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沈阳药科大学学报 2009年第1期26卷 40-44页

作者：张国峰吴瑕白雪鹿野美弘宇野敏夫袁丹沈阳药科大学中药学院辽宁沈阳110016 富山大学和汉药研究所日本富山930-0194 日本Kracie药品株式会社汉方药研究所日本高岗933-0856

目的建立野葛花中葛花苷、尼泊尔鸢尾异黄酮、鸢尾黄素-7-O-木糖葡萄糖苷、鹰嘴豆芽素A4种异黄酮成分含量测定方法。方法采用HPLC法。色谱柱为KromasilC18柱（200mm×4．6mm，5μm），以体积分数为1％的乙酸水溶液-甲醇-乙腈为流动相，... 详细信息

目的建立野葛花中葛花苷、尼泊尔鸢尾异黄酮、鸢尾黄素-7-O-木糖葡萄糖苷、鹰嘴豆芽素A4种异黄酮成分含量测定方法。方法采用HPLC法。色谱柱为KromasilC18柱（200mm×4．6mm，5μm），以体积分数为1％的乙酸水溶液-甲醇-乙腈为流动相，线性梯度洗脱，流速为0．8mL·min^-1，检测波长为254nnq，柱温35℃。结果葛花苷、尼泊尔鸢尾异黄酮、鸢尾黄素-7-O-木糖葡萄糖苷、鹰嘴豆芽素A质量浓度分别在42．8—856mg·L^-1、9．12～182．4mg·L^-1、13．2-264mg·L^-1、4．20—840mg·L^-1内呈良好线性关系，相关系数分别为0．9999、0．9999、0．9991、0．9993，平均回收率分别为100．7％（RSD=2．2％，n=9）、99．1％（RSD：2．4％，n=9）、98．6％（RSD=1．6％，n=9）和98．3％（RSD=1．5％，n=9）。结论该方法简便、准确、重现性好，可用于野葛花的质量控制。不同花期和不同药用部位的野葛花中4种指标成分的含量差异较大。

关键词：野葛葛花苷尼泊尔鸢尾异黄酮鸢尾黄素-7-O-木糖葡萄糖苷鹰嘴豆芽素A 高效液相色谱法

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Structural origin of magnetic softening in a Fe-based amorphous alloy upon annealing

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第1期96卷 233-240页

作者： Xing Tong Yan Zhang Yaocen Wang Xiaoyu Liang Kai Zhang Fan Zhang Yuanfei Cai Haibo Ke Gang Wang Jun Shen Akihiro makino Weihua Wang Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan 523808China Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of ScienceNingbo 315201China New Industry Creation Hatchery Center(NICHe) Tohoku UniversitySendai 980-8577Japan Institute for Materials Research Tohoku UniversitySendai 980-8577Japan School of Physical Science and Technology Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials Tohoku UniversitySendai 980-8577Japan Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research(HPSTAR) Shanghai 201203China Advanced Institute for Materials Research Tohoku UniversitySendai 980-8577Japan Laboratory for Microstructures Institute of MaterialsShanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China College of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 201804China

The underlying structural origin of magnetic properties is still elusive in Fe-based amorphous *** this study,distinctive soft magnetic properties were developed in Fe_(76)Si_(9)B_(10)P_(5)amorphous ribbons through systematic design of annealing *** with synchrotron radiation,high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and first principle ab initio molecular dynamic simulation,it is found that the atomic structural evolution both in short range order and medium range order is responsible for the magnetic softness at proper annealing *** short range,formation of separated and densely coordinated Fe-metalloid clusters is instigated to adapt energy minimization,resulting in strengthening of ferromagnetic exchange interaction *** medium range,a homogeneous exchangecoupling from the uniformly strong and weak ferromagnetic regions is generated,which significantly weakens magnetic heterogeneity and leads to the excellent magnetic *** findings may provide an effective/promising pathway to modulate the magnetic properties for Fe-based amorphous alloys,and give a comprehensive and quantitative understanding of the structure-properties relationship in amorphous materials.

关键词： Amorphous alloy Soft magnetic properties Synchrotron radiation Atomic structure

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Effects of Cu,Fe and Co addition on the glass-forming ability and mechanical properties of Zr-Al-Ni bulk metallic glasses

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2012年第12期55卷 2367-2371页

作者： LI YanHui ZHANG Wei DONG Chuang AKIHIRO makino School of Materials Science and Engineering Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China Institute for Materials Research Tohoku UniversitySendai 980-8577Japan

The thermal stability,glass-forming ability(GFA) and mechanical properties of Zr60Al15Ni25xTMx(TM = Cu,Fe and Co,x = 0-10) bulk metallic glasses(BMGs) were systematically *** 5-10 at.% Cu greatly enhances the thermal stability and GFA of the base ***60Al15Ni15Cu10 BMG exhibits the largest supercooled liquid region of 104 K and critical diameter of 18 ***,addition of 5-10 at.% Fe or Co decrease the thermal stability and *** addition,the plasticity of the BMG can be improved by adding of Cu,while the strength is decreased ***60Al15Ni20Cu5 BMG has the largest plastic strain of 5.5% with a yield stress of 1755 MPa and Young's modulus of 83 *** of Co brings an increase of strength but a lower of plasticity,and additional Fe reduces the strength and plasticity simultaneously.

关键词：玻璃形成能力块体非晶合金力学性能 Cu基合金热稳定性大块金属玻璃铁建筑面积

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Roles of rare earth oxide additives in millimeter-wave sintering of AlN

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Journal of Rare Earths 2008年第2期26卷 141-145页

作者： Yukio makino Takashi Yoshioka Hiromi Nakano Toshiyuki Ueno Shoji Miyake Osaka University 11-1 Mihogaoka IbarakiOsaka 567-0047 Japan Shimane Institute for Industrial Technology 1 Hokuryo-cho Matsue Simane 690-0816 Japan Ryukoku University Seta Otsu Shiga 520-2194 Japan Kinki University 3-4-1 Kowakae Higashi-OsakaOsaka 577-8502 Japan

Roles of rare earth oxide （RE2O3） additives in millimeter-wave（MM） sintering of AIN were investigated from the standpoints of phase diagram, heating characteristics of rare earth oxides, and morphology of intergranular oxide phase. In the millimeter-wave sintering of AIN, densification temperature decreased with the decrease of the ionic radius of rare earth ion and was closely related with the eutectic temperature in the RE2Oa-Al2O3 binary system. The lowest densification temperature in the millimeter-wave sintering of AIN with Yb2O3 additive was attributed to the largest heating rate of Yb2O3-Al2O3 binary oxide under millimeter-wave radiation. Furthermore, the lowest densification temperature could be attained while selecting the Yb2O3 content so as to form the intergranular phase with the eutectic composition in the Yb2O3-Al2O3 binary system. The result showed good agreement with the above mentioned during the sintering of Si3N4 with Yb2O3-Al2O3 additive. From TEM observation, it was verified that film-like intergranular oxide phase formed under millimeter-wave radiation was favorable for attaining high thermal conductivity in the Yb2O3 added AINs.

关键词： millimeter-wave rare earth oxide AIN, Si3N4 rapid densification selective heating heating rate thermal conductivity morphology

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Selection of Suitable Maximum-heart-rate Formulas for Use with Karvonen Formula to Calculate Exercise Intensity

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2015年第1期12卷 62-69页

作者： Jinhua She Hitoshi Nakamura Koji makino Yasuhiro Ohyama Hiroshi Hashimoto Graduate School of Bionics Computer and Media Sciences Tokyo University of Technology 1404-1 KatakuraHachioji Tokyo 192-0982 Japan Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medical and Engineering University of Yamanashi4-3-11 Takeda Kofu 400-8511 Japan Master Program of Innovation for Design and Engineering Advanced Institute of Industrial Technology 1-10-40 HigashiooiShinagawa-ku Tokyo 140-0011 Japan

The Karvonen formula, which is widely used to estimate exercise intensity, contains maximum heart rate, H Rmax, as a variable. This study employed pedaling experiments to assess which of the proposed formulas for calculating H Rmaxwas the most suitable for use with the Karvonen formula. First, two kinds of experiments involving an ergometer were performed: an all-in-one-day experiment that tested eight pedaling loads in one day, and a one-load-per-day experiment that tested one load per day for eight days.A comparison of the data on 7 subjects showed that the all-in-one-day type of experiment was better for assessing H Rmaxformulas,at least for the load levels tested in our experiments. A statistical analysis of the experimental data on 47 subjects showed two of the H Rmaxformulas to be suitable for use in the Karvonen formula to estimate exercise intensity for males in their 20 s. In addition, the physical characteristics of a person having the greatest impact on exercise intensity were determined.

关键词： Borg CR10 scale Karvonen formula exercise intensity maximum heart rate pedaling statistical analysis

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Correlation between the glass-forming ability and activation energy of crystallization for Zr_(75-x)Ni_(25)Al_x metallic glasses

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2013年第5期20卷 445-449页

作者： Yan-hui Li Wei Zhang Chuang Dong Jian-bing Qiang Akihiro makino School of Materials Science and Engineering Dalian University of Technology Institute for Materials Research Tohoku University

The thermal stability and the kinetics of glass transition and crystallization for Zr75-xNi25Alx （x = 8-15） metallic glasses were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） under continuous heating conditions. The apparent activation energy of glass transition rises monotonously with the A1 content increasing; the activation energy of crystallization increases with A1 changing from 8at% to 15at%, and then decreases with A1 further up to 24at%, which exhibits a good correlation to the thermal stability and the glass-forming ability （GFA）. The Zr60Ni25A115 metallic glass with the largest supercooled liquid region and GFA possesses the highest activation energy of crystallization. The relation between the thermal stability, GFA and activation energy of crystallization was discussed in terms of the primary precipitated phases.

关键词： metallic glass thermal stability glass-forming ability crystallization kinetics activation energy

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A new numerical simulation model for high pressure squeezing moulding

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China Foundry 2011年第1期8卷 25-29页

作者： Li Hua Wu Junjiao Huang Tianyou makino Hiroyasu Department of Mechanical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China SINTOKOGIO Ltd. Toyokawa Aichi Pref 4430021 Japan

High pressure squeeze is the most popular moulding process applied in modern moulding *** of the unique characters of moulding sand and nonlinearity of squeezing process,the mechanical model is of key importance for computer ***-Prager/Cap is a typical soil mechanical theory model and it was used to simulate the squeezing process in this study,while ABAQUS software is used to simulate dynamic stress/strain evolution during the *** simulation agrees well with the experimental *** conclude that Drucker-Prager/Cap is an appropriate model for the squeezing compaction of moulding sand,and that the associated nonlinearity can be solved well with ABAQUS software.

关键词： high pressure squeeze Drucker-Prager/Cap ABAQUS numerical simulation green sand moulding

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