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Developing More Effective Enhanced Biochar Fertilisers for Improvement of Pepper Yield and Quality

Pedosphere 2015年第5期25卷 703-712页

作者： YAO Chunxue Stephen JOSEPH LI Lianqing PAN Genxing Yun LIN Paul MUNROE Ben PACE Sarasadat TAHERYMOOSAVI Lukas VAN ZWIETEN torsten thomas Shaun NIELSEN Jun YE Scott DONNE Institute of Resources Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture Nanjing Agricultural University Discipline of Chemistry University of Newcastle School of Materials Science and Engineering University of New South Wales New South Wales Department of Primary Industries School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences & Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation University of New South Wales

Utilization of biochar at high application rates can increase soil C and crop yields, decrease greenhouse gas emissions and reduce nutrient run-off from soils. However, the high application rate of 10 t ha-1 may not return a profit to the farmer due to the high cost of biochar. In this study biochar was modified through pre-treating the biomass and post-treating with phosphoric acid, minerals and different chemical fertilisers to study the effects of two new enhanced biochar fertilisers on the yield and quality of green pepper in a field experiment with 5 fertilisation treatments and 3 replications. The two new biochar fertilisers significantly （P 〈 0.05） increased the yield of green pepper （11.33-11.47 t ha-l）, compared with the conventional chemical fertiliser （9.72 t ha-l）. The biochar fertiliser treatments improved the vitamin C content of green pepper from 236.99 to 278.28 mg kg-1, and also significantly （P 〈 0.05） reduced the nitrate content from 132.32 to 101.92 mg kg-1, compared with chemical fertiliser. This study indicated that, compared to the use of conventional chemical fertiliser, all of the biochar fertiliser treatments could significantly improve the yield and quality of green pepper.

关键词： bentonite clay chemical fertiliser nitrate content phosphoric acid vitamin C content wheat straw

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Feeding Biochar to Cows:An Innovative Solution for Improving Soil Fertility and Farm Productivity

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Pedosphere 2015年第5期25卷 666-679页

作者： Stephen JOSEPH Doug POW Kathy DAWSON David R.G.MITCHELL Aditya RAWAL James HOOK Sarasadat TAHERYMOOSAVI Lukas VAN ZWIETEN Joshua RUST Scott DONNE Paul MUNROE Ben PACE Ellen GRABER torsten thomas Shaun NIELSEN Jun YE Yun LIN PAN Genxing LI Lianqing Zakaria M.SOLAIMAN Discipline of Chemistry University of Newcastle School of Materials Science and Engineering University of New South Wales Electron Microscopy Center AIIMUniversity of Wollongong Institute of Resources Ecosystem and Environment of AgricultureNanjing Agricultural University Marron Brook Farm Warren Catchments Council 52 Bath StManjimup 6258 (Australia) Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre University of New South Wales Wollongbar Primary Industries Institute NSW Department of Primary Industries Institute of Soil Water and Environmental SciencesThe Volcani CenterAgricultural Research Organization Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular SciencesThe University of New South Wales Soil Biology and Molecular Ecology Group School of Earth and Environment (M087)The University of Western Australia

Addition of biochar produced through thermal decomposition of biomass has been seen as a strategy to improve soils and to sequester carbon （C）, but wide scale implementation of the technology requires to devise innovative profitable solutions. To develop biochar utilisation with an integrated system approach, an innovative program was implemented in 2012 on a 53-ha farm in Western Australia to determine the costs and benefits of integrating biochar with animal husbandry and improvement of pastures. Biochar was mixed with molasses and fed directly to cows. The dung-biochar mixture was incorporated into the soft profile by dung beetles. We studied the changes in soil properties over 3 years. Biochar extracted from fresh dung and from the soil to a depth of 40 cm was characterised. A preliminary financial analysis of the costs and benefits of this integrated approach was also undertaken. The preliminary investigation results suggested that this strategy was effective in improving soil properties and increasing returns to the farmer. It was also concluded that the biochar adsorbed nutrients from the cow＇s gut and from the dung. Dung beetles could transport this nutrient-rich biochar into the soil profile. There was little evidence that the recalcitrant component of the biochar was reduced through reactions inside the gut or on/in the soil. Further research is required to quantify the long-term impact of integrating biochar and dung beetles into the rearing of cows.

关键词： animal husbandry biochar C sequestration dung beetles financial benefit pasture

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Composite particles with magnetic properties,near-infrared excitation,and far-red emission for luminescence-based oxygen sensing

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2015年第1期1卷 59-63页

作者： Elisabeth Scheucher Stefan Wilhelm Otto SWolfbeis thomas Hirsch torsten Mayr Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry Graz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 98010 GrazAustria Institute of Analytical Chemistry Chemo-and BiosensorsUniversity of Regensburg93040 RegensburgGermany

Oxygen sensing,magnetic,and upconversion luminescence properties are combined in multi-functional composite particles prepared herein by a simple mixing,baking,and grinding *** nanocrystals are used as an excitation source and an oxygen indicator with far-red *** composite particles are excited with near infrared(NIR)laser light(980 nm).The visible upconversion emission is converted into an oxygen concentration-dependent far-red emission(<750 nm)using an inert mediator dye and a platinated benzoporphyrin *** concept combines the advantages of NIR excitation and far-red emissive indicator dyes,offering minimized auto-fluorescence and enhanced membrane *** functionality is obtained by incorporating magnetic nanoparticles into the composite particles,which enables easy manipulation and separation of the particles by the application of an external magnetic field.

关键词： magnetic particles optical sensor oxygen sensor upconverting nanoparticles

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Prospective observational multicenter study to define a diagnostic algorithm for biliary candidiasis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第34期20卷 12260-12268页

作者： Philipp Lenz Franziska Eckelskemper thomas Erichsen Tim Lankisch Alexander Dechêne Gabriele Lubritz Frank Lenze torsten Beyna Hansjorg Ullerich Andre Schmedt Dirk Domagk Department of Medicine B University of MuensterD-48149 MuensterGermany Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and EndocrinologyHannover Medical School30625 HannoverGermany Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Hospital Essen45147 EssenGermany Institute of Medical Microbiology University Hospital MuensterD-48149 MuensterGermany

AIM:To develop an algorithm to improve the diagnosis and treatment of patients with biliary ***:We performed a prospective study of 127patients who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,for various biliary disorders,at 3 tertiary referral centers in Germany from July 2011through July 2012(***:NCT01109550).Bile,buccal,and stool samples were *** indicated,endoscopic transpapillary bile duct biopsies were performed to clarify the etiology of bile duct strictures and to prove invasive fungal ***:Candida species were detected in 38 of the 127 bile samples(29.9%).By multivariate analysis patients’age and previous endoscopic sphincterotomy were independent risk factors for biliary candidiasis(P7 d)(P=0.089)tend to be at risk for biliary *** patient was negative in mycological culture of bile fluid but invasive biliary candidiasis was diagnosed *** Candida subspecies detected,36.7%were azole-resistant,such as C *** patients received anti-mycotic therapy,based on our *** these,3 had cancer with biliary tract involvement,2had secondary sclerosing cholangitis,1 had retroperitoneal fibrosis,and 5 had *** all patients contamination was ruled out by smears of the endoscope ***:Gastroenterologists should be aware of frequent candida colonization in patients with cholangitis and biliary *** suggested algorithm facilitates the further clinical management.

关键词： Cholangitis Biliary candidiasis Invasive fungal infection Biliary obstruction

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Resolution of Crohn's disease and complex regional pain syndrome following treatment of paratuberculosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第13期21卷 4048-4062页

作者： J Todd Kuenstner William Chamberlin Saleh A Naser Michael T Collins Coad thomas Dow John M Aitken Stuart Weg Grzegorz Telega Kuruvilla John David Haas torsten M Eckstein Maher Kali Christine Welch thomas Petrie Department of Pathology Charleston Area Medical CenterCharlestonWV 25304United States Department of Gastroenterology Mountain View Regional HospitalLas CrucesNM 88011United States Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences UCF College of MedicineOrlandoFL 32816United States Department of Pathobiological Sciences the University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary MedicineMadisonWI 53706United States 5 Damon Street Eau ClaireWI 54701United States Otakaro Pathways Ltd. 63 Bibiana StreetChristchurch 8011New Zealand Patients Medical Alternative Pain Management800 Second Avenue Suite 900New York CityNY 10017United States Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin 8915 W.Connell Ave.MilwaukeeWI 53226United States Department of Neurosciences Charleston Area Medical CenterCharlestonWV 25304United States Department of Chemistry University of CharlestonCharlestonWV 25304United States Department of Microbiology Colorado State UniversityImmunology and PathologyCO 80523United States CAMC Clinical Trials Center 3100 Mac Corkle Avenue S.E.Suite 806CharlestonWV 25304United States CAMC Clinical Trials Center CharlestonWV 25304United States AVIcure Bioscience LLC Superior Quartz ProductsBethlehemPA 18020United States

A cohort of family members with various chronic diseases including Crohn's disease, asthma, complex regional pain syndrome, hypothyroidism, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and lymphangiomatosis and/or evidence of infection by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis(MAP) are described in this series of case reports. MAP was cultured from the blood of three members affected by the first five diseases and there was accompanying elevated anti-MAP Ig G in two members. The patient affected by the sixth disease has a markedly elevated anti-MAP titer. The two patients affected by the first four diseases have been treated with a combination of anti-MAP antibiotics and ultraviolet blood irradiation therapy with resolution of the disease symptomatology and inability to culture MAP in post treatment blood samples. These case reports of patients with MAP infections provide supportive evidence of a pathogenic role of MAP in humans.

关键词： Crohn’s disease Complex regional pain syndrome Lym

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P2-type layered high-entropy oxides as sodium-ion cathode materials

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Materials Futures 2022年第3期1卷 171-184页

作者： Junbo Wang Sören L Dreyer Kai Wang Ziming Ding thomas Diemant Guruprakash Karkera Yanjiao Ma Abhishek Sarkar Bei Zhou Mikhail V Gorbunov Ahmad Omar Daria Mikhailova Volker Presser Maximilian Fichtner Horst Hahn torsten Brezesinski Ben Breitung Qingsong Wang Institute of Nanotechnology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344 Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany Helmholtz Institute Ulm(HIU)Electrochemical Energy Storage Helmholtzstrasse 1189081 UlmGermany Joint Research Laboratory Nanomaterials-Technische Universität Darmstadt and Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT) Otto-Berndt-Strasse 364206 DarmstadtGermany Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research(IFW)Dresden Helmholtzstrasse 2001069 DresdenGermany INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials Campus D2266123 SaarbrückenGermany Department for Materials Science and Engineering Saarland UniversityCampus D2266123 SaarbrückenGermany Saarene Saarland Center for Energy Materials and SustainabilityCampus C4266123 SaarbrückenGermany Bavarian Center for Battery Technology(BayBatt) University of BayreuthUniversitätsstrasse 3095447 BayreuthGermany Department of Chemistry University of BayreuthUniversitätsstrasse 3095447 BayreuthGermany

P2-type layered oxides with the general Na-deficient composition Na_(x)TMO_(2)(x<1,TM:transition metal)are a promising class of cathode materials for sodium-ion *** open Na+transport pathways present in the structure lead to low diffusion barriers and enable high charge/discharge ***,a phase transition from P2 to O2 structure occurring above 4.2 V and metal dissolution at low potentials upon discharge results in rapid capacity *** this work,we demonstrate the positive effect of configurational entropy on the stability of the crystal structure during battery *** different compositions of layered P2-type oxides were synthesized by solid-state chemistry,Na_(0.67)(Mn_(0.55)Ni_(0.21)Co_(0.24))O_(2),Na_(0.67)(Mn_(0.45)Ni_(0.18)Co_(0.24)Ti_(0.1)Mg_(0.03))O_(2) and Na_(0.67)(Mn_(0.45)Ni_(0.18)Co_(0.18)Ti_(0.1)Mg_(0.03)Al_(0.04)Fe_(0.02))O_(2) with low,medium and high configurational entropy,*** high-entropy cathode material shows lower structural transformation and Mn dissolution upon cycling in a wide voltage range from 1.5 to 4.6 *** operando techniques and post-mortem analysis were used to probe the underlying reaction mechanism ***,the high-entropy strategy is a promising route for improving the electrochemical performance of P2 layered oxide cathodes for advanced sodium-ion battery applications.

关键词： P2-type layered cathode high-entropy oxides sodium-ion battery gassing behavior manganese leaching

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氮和磷改性的溶胶-凝胶基阻燃化合物

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国际纺织导报 2022年第2期50卷 16-19页

作者： W.Ali V.Shabani J.S.Gutmann T.Mayer-Gall O.Etemad-Parishanadeh A.Salma T.Textor 何鹏飞(译) 罗艳(校) 德国纺织业西北公司(德国) 杜伊斯堡-埃森大学和纳米整合中心(CENIDE)(德国) Hochschule大学(德国) 不详

在德国促进联合工业研究发展计划(IGF)的19617 N号研究项目中,制备了氮和磷取代的烷氧基硅烷,并对其抑制织物火势生长和蔓延的能力进行了研究。为此,采用不同的策略合成了一系列阻燃剂,包括用氨基三烷氧基硅烷和/或三聚氰胺对有机磷化... 详细信息

在德国促进联合工业研究发展计划(IGF)的19617 N号研究项目中,制备了氮和磷取代的烷氧基硅烷,并对其抑制织物火势生长和蔓延的能力进行了研究。为此,采用不同的策略合成了一系列阻燃剂,包括用氨基三烷氧基硅烷和/或三聚氰胺对有机磷化合物进行点击化学和亲核取代。采用轧-烘-焙工艺和溶胶-凝胶法,将新型无卤、无醛阻燃剂应用于棉(CO)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚酰胺(PA)及其混纺织物上。阻燃效率通过EN ISO 15025测试方法评估。此外,通过附着在磷原子上的官能团或焙烘温度的优化,可控制阻燃剂的水溶性和耐洗性。总体而言,该项研究表明,N-P-硅烷是良好的纺织品耐久性阻燃剂。

关键词：聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET) 聚酰胺(PA) 棉轧-烘-焙工艺溶胶-凝胶法阻燃剂

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Observatory science with eXTP

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2019年第2期62卷 97-138页

作者： Jean J.M.in 't Zand Enrico Bozzo JinLu Qu Xiang-Dong Li Lorenzo Amati Yang Chen Immacolata Donnarumma Victor Doroshenko Stephen A.Drake Margarita Hernanz Peter A.Jenke thomas J.Maccarone Simin Mahmoodifar Domitilla de Martino Alessandra De Rosa Elena M.Rossi Antonia Rowlinson Gloria Sala Giulia Stratta thomas M.Tauris Joern Wilms XueFeng Wu Ping Zhou Iván Agudo Diego Altamirano Jean-Luc Atteia Nils A.andersson M.Cristina Baglio David R.Ballantyne Altan Baykal Ehud Behar Tomaso Belloni Sudip Bhattacharyya Stefano Bianchi Anna Bilous Pere Blay Joao Braga Sφren Brandt Edward F.Brown Niccolo Bucciantini Luciano Burderi Edward M.Cackett Riccardo Campana Sergio Campana Piergiorgio Casella Yuri Cavecchi Frank Chambers Liang Chen Yu-Peng Chen Jér?me Chenevez Maria Chernyakova ChiChuan Jin Riccardo Ciolfi Elisa Costantini Andrew Cumming Antonino D'Aì Zi-Gao Dai Filippo D'Ammando Massimiliano De Pasquale Nathalie Degenaar Melania Del Santo Valerio D'Elia Tiziana Di Salvo Gerry Doyle Maurizio Falanga XiLong Fan Robert D.Ferdman Marco Feroci Federico Fraschetti Duncan K.Galloway Angelo F.Gambino Poshak Gandhi MingYu Ge Bruce Gendre Ramandeep Gill Diego G?tz Christian Gouiffès Paola Grandi Jonathan Granot Manuel Güdel Alexander Heger Craig O.Heinke Jeroen Homan Rosario Iaria Kazushi Iwasawa Luca Izzo Long Ji Peter G.Jonker Jordi José Jelle S.Kaastra Emrah Kalemci Oleg Kargaltsev Nobuyuki Kawai Laurens Keek Stefanie Komossa Ingo Kreykenbohm Lucien Kuiper Devaky Kunneriath Gang Li En-Wei Liang Manuel Linares Francesco Longo FangJun Lu Alexander A.Lutovinov Denys Malyshev Julien Malzac Antonios Manousakis Ian McHardy Missagh Mehdipour YunPeng Men Mariano Méndez Roberto P.Mignani Romana Mikusincova M.Coleman Miller Giovanni Miniutti Christian Motch Joonas Nättilä Emanuele Nardini torsten Neubert Paul T.O'Brien Mauro Orlandini Julian P.Osborne Luigi Pacciani Stéphane Paltani Maurizio Paolillo Iossif E.Papadakis Biswajit Paul Alberto Pellizzoni Uria Peretz Miguel A.Pérez Torres Emanuele Perinati Chanda Prescod-Weinstein Pablo Reig SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research Department of Astronomy University of Geneva Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing University INAF-IASF Bologna ASI Via del Politecnico snc INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologie Spaziali Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik Tübingen Universit?t Tübingen NASA Goddard Space Flight Center ICREA&Institute of Space Sciences(IEEC-CSIC) Campus UABCarrer de Can Magrans CSPAR SPA University of Alabama in Huntsville Department of Physics Texas Tech University INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte Leiden Observatory Leiden University Anton Pannekoek Institute University of Amsterdam ASTRON Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya(UPC-IEEC) Universitádegli Studi di Urbino‘Carlo Bo’ Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Dr.Karl-Remeis-Sternwarte and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics(ECAP) Friedrich Alexander Universit?t Erlangen-Nurnberg Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Instituto de Astrofysíca de Andalucia-CSIC Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Southampton IRAP Universitéde ToulouseCNRSUPSCNES Mathematical Sciences and STAG Research Centre University of Southampton New York University Abu Dhabi Center for Relativistic Astrophysics School of PhysicsGeorgia Institute of Technology Physics Department Middle East Technical University Department of Physics Technion-Israel Institute of Technology INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica Universitàdegli Studi Roma Tre Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais-INPE National Space Institute Technical University of Denmark(DTU Space) Department of Physics and Astronomy Michigan State University INAF Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri Dipartimento di Fisica Universitádegli Studi di Cagliari Department of Physics and A

In this White Paper we present the potential of the enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry(eXTP) mission for studies related to Observatory Science targets. These include flaring stars, supernova remnants, accreting white dwarfs, low and high mass X-ray binaries, radio quiet and radio loud active galactic nuclei, tidal disruption events, and gamma-ray bursts. eXTP will be excellently suited to study one common aspect of these objects: their often transient nature. Developed by an international Consortium led by the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Science, the eXTP mission is expected to be launched in the mid 2020s.

关键词： space research in struments nuclear astrophysics flare stars accretion and accretion disks mass loss and stellar winds cataclysmic binaries X-ray binaries supernova remnants active galactic nuclei X-ray bursts gamma-ray bursts gravitational waves

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