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Geomorphological responses of rivers to active tectonics along the Karahay?t Fault, Western Türkiye

Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第5期21卷 1464-1474页

作者： Savaş topal Pamukkale University Department of Geological EngineeringKınıklıCampusDenizli 20160Türkiye

Understanding the topography in active tectonic areas and assessing the rates and models of active deformation in the upper crust are primary objectives in tectonic geomorphology studies. The drainage pattern of river systems is highly sensitive to tectonically induced changes, and it often preserves the records of the formation and progression of most tectono-geomorphic processes within its boundaries. Therefore, the evolution of landforms is a consequence of the evolution of individual drainage basins in which they are formed. Assessing the rates of tectonic deformation using geomorphic data is a traditionally adopted method to characterize the nature of active faults. Globally, the Digital Elevation Model(DEM) is widely used as a crucial tool to analyze the morphotectonic features of drainage basins. In this study, some geomorphic indices were applied to investigate the impact of tectonism on landscape along the Karahay?t Fault and its associated drainage areas. These geomorphic indices are mountain front sinuosity(Smf values between 1.17-1.52), valley floor width-to-height ratio(Vf values between 0.25-1.46), basin asymmetry factor(AF values between 15-72), drainage basin shape(Bs values between 3.18-6.01), hypsometric integral and curve(HI values between 0.32-047), channel sinuosity(S values between 1-1.6), normalized steepness index(Ksn values between 1-390) and Chi integral(χ values between 200-4400). The development of drainage areas on the hanging wall and footwall block of the Karahayit Fault differs depending on the uplift. The drainage areas developed on the hanging wall present different patterns depending on the regional uplift caused by the fault. This reveals that the fault contributed significantly to the development of drainage areas and regional uplift in the region. In addition, the maximum earthquake magnitude that may occur in the future on the Karahayit Fault, whose activity is supported by geomorphic indices, is calculated as 6.23. Since an earthquake of this magnitude may cause loss of lif

关键词： Drainage basins Geomorphic indices Normalized steepness index(Ksn) Chi integral(χ) Morphotectonic features Karahayıt Fault

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Illumination of parameter contributions on uneven break： phenomenon in underground stoping mines

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2016年第6期26卷 1095-1100页

作者： Jang Hyongdoo topal erkan Kawamura Youhei Department of Mining Engineering and Metallurgical Engineering Western Australian School of Mines Curtin University Perth 6102 Australia Division of Intelligent Interaction Technologies Faculty of Engineering Information and Systems University of Tsukuba Tsukuba 3058555 Japan

One of the most serious conundrum facing the stope production in underground metalliferous mining is uneven break(UB: unplanned dilution and ore-loss). Although the UB has a huge economic fallout to the entire mining process, it is practically unavoidable due to the complex causing mechanism. In this study,the contribution of ten major UB causative parameters has been scrutinised based on a published UB predicting artificial neuron network(ANN) model to put UB under the engineering management. Two typical ANN sensitivity analysis methods, i.e., connection weight algorithm(CWA) and profile method(PM) have been applied. As a result of CWA and PM applications, adjusted Q rate(AQ) revealed as the most influential parameter to UB with contribution of 22.40% in CWA and 20.48% in PM respectively. The findings of this study can be used as an important reference in stope design, production, and reconciliation stages on underground stoping mine.

关键词：地下金属矿山地下开采均匀照明人工神经网络破碎采场设计灵敏度分析 CWA

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Designing an optimal stope layout for underground mining based on a heuristic algorithm

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2015年第5期25卷 767-772页

作者： Sandanayake Don Suneth Sameera topal erkan Asad Mohammad Waqar Ali Mining Engineering Western Australian School of MinesCurtin University

An optimal layout or three-dimensional spatial distribution of stopes guarantees the maximum profitability over life span of an underground mining operation.Thus,stope optimization is one of the key areas in underground mine planning practice.However,the computational complexity in developing an optimal stope layout has been a reason for limited availability of the algorithms offering solution to this problem.This article shares a new and efficient heuristic algorithm that considers a three-dimensional ore body model as an input,maximizes the economic value,and satisfies the physical mining and geotechnical constraints for generating an optimal stope layout.An implementation at a copper deposit demonstrates the applicability and robustness of the algorithm.A parallel processing based modification improving the performance of the original algorithm in terms of enormous computational time saving is also presented.

关键词：启发式算法采场布局地下开采布局设计三维矿体模型计算复杂性空间分布规划实践

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A new algorithm for stope boundary optimization

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Journal of Coal Science & Engineering(China) 2010年第2期16卷 113-119页

作者： topal erkan SENS Jeroen Western Australia School of Mines Curtin University of Technology The University of Queensland Delft University of Technology

Stopes can be simply defined as an underground opening from which ore has been excavated.Selection of the best combination of available stope boundary will directly affect the profitability of the operation.While a few attempts has been initiated to generate the optimum stope boundary for underground mining, they fail to guarantee a true optimality in three-dimension block models.This paper proposed a new methodology which can find optimum stope layout for a given resource model in three-dimensions.The paper initially critically reviewed important stope boundary optimisation studies thus far, then proposed a new methodology in order to find the best stope layout for a given deposit.Subsequently it applied the proposed methodology into a block model to test its ability of producing optimum results and demonstrated its applicability in a number of different scenarios.In the last section, further analysis on strategies to find the optimum stope boundaries were demonstrated.The results prove that the proposed algorithm can find optimum stope boundaries and layouts in three-dimension for different stope sizes and stope selections trategies.

关键词：采场布局模型优化边界算法最优模型经营利润最佳组合地下采矿

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A new generic open pit mine planning process with risk assessment ability

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2016年第4期3卷 407-417页

作者： Ngoc Luan Mai Oktay Erten erkan topal Westem Australian School of Mines Curtin University of Technology Bentley WA 6102 Australia Nazarbayev University Astana Kazakhstan

Conventionally, mining industry relies on a deterministic view, where a unique mine plan is determined based on a single resource model. A major shortfall of this approach is the inability to assess the risk caused by the well-known geological uncertainty, i.e. the in situ grade and tonnage variability of the mineral deposit. Despite some recent attempts in developing stochastic mine planning models which have demonstrated promising results, the industry still remains sceptical about this innovative idea. With respect to unbiased linear estimation, kriging is the most popular and reliable deterministic interpolation technique for resource estimation and it appears to remain its popularity in the near future. This paper presents a new systematic framework to quantify the risk of kriging-based mining projects due to the geological uncertainties. Firstly, conditional simulation is implemented to generate a series of equally-probable orebody realisations and these realisations are then compared with the kriged resource model to analyse its geological uncertainty. Secondly, a production schedule over the life of mine is determined based on the kriged resource model. Finally, risk profiles of that production schedule, namely ore and waste tonnage production, blending grade and Net Present Value (NPV), are constructed using the orebody realisations. The proposed model was applied on a multi-element deposit and the result demonstrates that that the kriging-based mine plan is unlikely to meet the production targets. Especially, the kriging-based mine plan overestimated the expected NPV at a magnitude of 6.70% to 7.34% (135 M$ to 151 M$). A new multivariate conditional simulation framework was also introduced in this paper to cope with the multivariate nature of the deposit. Although an iron ore deposit is used to prove the concepts, the method can easily be adapted to other kinds of mineral deposits, including surface coal mine.

关键词：风险评估规划模型露天矿 Kriging 资源模型克里格法生产计划通用

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Mining truck scheduling with stochastic maintenance cost

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Journal of Coal Science & Engineering(China) 2012年第3期18卷 313-319页

作者： erkan topal Salih RAMAZAN Mining Engineering Department Western Australia School of MinesCurtin University of TechnologyKalgoorlieWA 6433Australia Anglogold Ashanti 44 St George's TerracePerthWA 6000Australia

Open pit mining operations utilize large scale and expensive equipment. For the mines implementing shovel and truck operation system, trucks constitute a large portion of these equipment and are used for hauling the mined materials. In order to have sustainable and viable operation, these equipment need to be utilized efficiently with minimum operating cost. Maintenance cost is a significant proportion of the overall operating costs. The maintenance cost of a truck changes non-linearly depending on the type, age and truck types. A new approach based on stochastic integer programming (SIP) techniques is used for annually scheduling a fixed fleet of mining trucks in a given operation, over the life of mine (multi-year time horizon) to minimize maintenance cost. The maintenance cost data in mining usually has uncertainty caused from the variability of the operational conditions at mines. To estimate the cost, usually historic data from different operations for new mines, and/or the historic data at the operating mines are used. However, maintenance cost varies depending on road conditions, age of equipment and many other local conditions at an operation. Traditional models aim to estimate the maintenance cost as a deterministic single value and financial evaluations are based on the estimated value. However, it does not provide a confidence on the estimate. The proposed model in this study assumes the truck maintenance cost is a stochastic parameter due to the significant level of uncertainty in the data and schedules the available fleet to meet the annual production targets. The scheduling has been performed by applying both the proposed stochastic and deterministic approaches. The approach provides a distribution for the maintenance cost of the optimized equipment schedule minimizing the cost.

关键词：维护成本卡车调度随机参数矿用卡车操作条件露天开采经营成本不确定性

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Evolution of Structural and Magnetic Properties of BaFe12O19 with B2O3 Addition

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Chinese Physics Letters 2010年第11期27卷 177-180页

作者： Ugur topal Nationai Metrology Institute Tubitak UME P.K. 54 Gebze 41470-Kocaeli Turkey

我们调查 B2O3 增加的效果在上结构并且努力磁性的 BaFe12O19 粒子的磁性。常规稳固的州的反应方法被用作合成线路。单个阶段 BaFe12O19 能在低温度与 B2O3 增加的很小的数量并且与锻烧被综合(850 ?????? 慭湧瑥 '

关键词： B2O3 钡铁氧体磁性质结构 BaFe12O19 比饱和磁化强度演化剩余磁化强度

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Evaluation of relative tectonic activity along the Priene-Sazli Fault(Soke Basin,southwest Anatolia):Insights from geomorphic indices and drainage analysis

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第4期16卷 909-923页

作者： Savas topal Pamukkale University Department of Geological EngineeringKinikli Campus

The West Anatolia Extensional Zone, which has a width of about 300 km, is located within the Alpine-Himalayan belt and is one of the regions with intense seismic activity in the world. The most important geomorphological structures in this area are three main graben structures resulting from regional N-S extension since the Early Miocene. These structures are the E-W trending Büyük Menderes, Kü?ük Menderes, and Gediz grabens. S?ke Basin is located at the SW end of the Büyük Menderes graben. The lineaments which control the NW of S?ke Basin have a length of approximately 40 km and have been defined as the Priene-Sazl? Fault(PSF). The PSF is seismically active, and the last large earthquake(the S?ke-Balat earthquake; Ms: 6.8) was produced on July 16 th of 1955. The ancient city of Priene, which was located in the study area, suffered from destructive earthquakes(in the 4 th century and 2 nd century BC, in the 2 nd century AD, during the Byzantine period and after the 12 th century BC). This study aims to reveal the effect of the PSF on the morphotectonic evolution of the region and the relative tectonic activity of the fault. To this end, it was the first time the stream length gradient index(SL: 130-1303), mountain-front sinuosity(Smf: 1.15-1.96), valley floor height and valley width ratio(Vf: 0.27-1.66), drainage basin asymmetry(AF: 0.15-0.76), hypsometric curve(HC) and hypsometric integral(HI: 0.22-0.86) and basin shape index(Bs: 1.04-5.75) along the mountain front that is formed by the PSF. Using a combination of the mountain-front sinuosity(Smf), valley floor height and valley width ratio(Vf), it is found that the uplift ratio in the region is not less than 0.05 mm/yr and the relative tectonic activity of PSF is high. According to the relative tectonic activity index(Iat) obtained from geomorphic indices, the southwest part of the PSF is relatively more active than the northeast part. As a result, I posit that the PSF has the potential to produce earthquakes in the future similarly to those that were produced

关键词： Geomorphic indices Tectonic activity Earthquake Priene-Sazli Fault Soke basin Western Anatolia

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Using Sieve of Eratosthenes for the Factor Analysis of Neutrosophic Form of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire as an Alternative Confirmatory Factor Analysis

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2021年第11期129卷 953-971页

作者： Volkan Duran Selcuk topal Florentin Smarandache Said Broumi Igdır University CampusIgdır76000Turkey Department of Mathematics Arts and Sciences FacultyBitlis Eren UniversityBitlisTurkey Department of Mathematics University of New MexicoGallup87301NMUSA Laboratory of Information Processing Faculty of Science Ben M’SikUniversity Hassan IICasablancaMorocco

In this study,the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire which was adapted from the short form of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire was evaluated and this scale into neutrosophic form was converted and the results of the scale were compared for proposing new type confirmatory analysis procedure as well as developing neutrosophic scales.The exploratory factor analysis was used in the analysis of the data.Besides,test results were analyzed for Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin and Bartlett values,common factor variance values,scree plot graphs,and the principal component analysis results.The sample of the study consists of 194 students in mathematics departments at Bitlis Eren University and Igdır University in Turkey by convenience sampling method.A convenience sampling is a kind˘of non-probability sampling procedure in which the sample is obtained from a group of individuals easily accessible or reachable.The convenience sampling method was chosen in this study because the study aims to examine the structure of the measurement tool rather than the psychological characteristics of a particular population.First of all,it is observed that if any classical scale can be converted into a neutrosophic one.It is observed that the sub-dimensions of a neutrosophic scale as agree,disagree,and undecided might not have a similar factor structure to the classical one.Interestingly,in the factor analysis of the neutrosophic scale,both classical and the agreement part of the neutrosophic scales have the same factors,implying that the one-dimensional classical scale measures the agreement degree of the participants.When the factor analysis was conducted to disagreement and vagueness dimensions,it seemed that some factors were eliminated and even some new factors emerged,indicating that in human cognition those three dimensions can be taken as independent of each other,just as assumed by neutrosophic logic.The another important implication of the factor analysis is that the neutrosophic forms of any questionnaire can be used for the validit

关键词： Neutrosophic scales factor analysis scale development explanatory analysis reliability analysis

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Increased levels of homocysteine in patients with ulcerative colitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第19期16卷 2411-2416页

作者： Sabiye Akbulut Emin Altiparmak Firdevs topal Ersan Ozaslan Metin Kucukazman Ozlem Yonem Department of Gastroenterology Kartal Kosuyolu High Specialty Education and Research Hospital 34846 Istanbul Turkey Department of Gastroenterology Ankara Numune Training and Education Hospital 06443 Ankara Turkey Department of Gastroenterology ankiri State Hospital 18200 Cankiri Turkey Department of Gastroenterology Kecioren Teaching and Research Hospital 06380 Ankara Turkey Department of Gastroenterology Cumhuriyet University Cumhuriyet Universitesi Hastanesi 58140 Sivas Turkey

AIM: To investigate serum levels of homocysteine (Hcys) and the risk that altered levels carry for thrombosis development in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. METHODS: 55 UC patients and 45 healthy adults were included. Hcys, vitamin B12 and folic acid levels were measured in both groups. Clinical history and thrombo- embolic events were investigated. RESULTS: The average Hcys level in the UC patients was 13.3 ± 1.93 μmmol/L (range 4.60-87) and was higher than the average Hcys level of the control group which was 11.2 ± 3.58 μmmol/L (range 4.00-20.8) (P < 0.001). Vitamin B12 and folic acid average values were also lower in the UC group (P < 0.001). Whenmultivariate regression analysis was performed, it was seen that folic acid deficiency was the only risk factor for hyperhomocysteinemia. Frequencies of thromboembolic complications were not statistically significantly different in UC and control groups. When those with and without a thrombosis history in the UC group were compared according to Hcys levels, it was seen that there were no statistically significant differences. A negative linear relationship was found between folic acid levels and Hcys. CONCLUSION: We could not find any correlations between Hcys levels and history of prior thromboembolic events.

关键词： Ulcerative colitis Homocysteine Folate Vitamin B12

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