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Real-world gaseous emission characteristics of natural gas heavy-duty sanitation trucks

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第5期34卷 319-329页

作者： Jiguang Wang Huaqiao Gui Zhiwen Yang Tongzhu Yu Xiaowen Zhang Jianguo Liu Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026China China Automotive Technology and Research Center Co. LtdTianjin 300300China Innovation excellence center for urban atmospheric environment Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China

As compared to conventional diesel heavy-duty vehicles,natural gas vehicles have been proved to be more eco-friendly due to their lower production of greenhouse gas and pollu-tant emissions,which are causing enormous adverse effects on global warming and air pol-lution.However,natural gas vehicles were rarely studied before,especially through on-road measurements.In this study,a portable emission measurement system(PEMS)was em-ployed to investigate the real-world emissions of nitrogen oxides(NO_(x))(nitrogen monoxide(NO),nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2))),total hydrocarbons(THC),carbon monoxide(CO),and carbon dioxide(CO_(2))from two liquified natural gas(LNG)China V heavy-duty cleaning sanitation trucks with different weight.Associated with the more aggressive driving behaviors,the ve-hicle with lower weight exhibited higher CO_(2)(3%)but lower NO_(x)(48.3%)(NO_(2)(78.2%)and NO(29.4%)),CO(44.8%),and THC(3.7%)emission factors.Aggressive driving behaviors were also favorable to the production of THC,especially those in the medium-speed range but sig-nificantly negative to the production of CO and NO_(2),especially those in the low-speed range with high engine load.In particular,the emission rate ratio of NO_(2)/NO decreased with the increase of speed/scaled tractive power in different speed ranges.

关键词： Natural gas sanitation vehicle PEMS Gaseous pollutant emission

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Simulation of three-stage operating temperature for supersaturation water-based condensational growth tube

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第4期32卷 275-285页

作者： Jiejie Bian Huaqiao Gui Zhibo Xie Tongzhu Yu Xiuli Wei Wenyu Wang Jianguo Liu Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026China CAS Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

In order to realize accurate dynamic control of supersaturation and to study condensation growth characteristics of nanoparticles through different levels of super saturation,a series of parametric analyses and systematic comparisons between two-stage and three-stage operating temperature designs were simulated with COMSOL Multiphysics.The simulation results showed that the three-stage operating temperature did not change peak supersaturation compared with two operating temperatures,and the three-stage operating temperature was superior in decreasing the amount of water vapor and the temperature,thus lowering particle loss and variation in detection and collection.The peak supersaturation level increased by 0.3 as the flow rate increased from 0.6 to 2.0 L/min,but the supersaturation peak moved from 0.0027 z0 to 0.08 z0(i.e.,the growth time and the final size decreased by 40%).Peak supersaturation increased as the temperature difference increased or the temperature difference window was shifting left,and minimum activation size decreased.Shifting the 70℃temperature difference window from 9℃,79℃-1℃,71℃for the condenser and initiator temperatures resulted in peak supersaturation in the centerline being above 5.8,and the activation size changed as low as 1 nm.Experiments with flow rates varying by a factor of 2.5(from 0.6 to 1.5 L/min)resulted in a final size decrease of 43%(from 3.2 to 1.8μm),and experimental results of outlet particle size distributions were equivalent with theoretical analysis as the operating temperature was changed.

关键词： Operating temperature Supersaturation profile Flow rate Minimum activation size Temperature difference

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Development of a static test apparatus for evaluating the performance of three PM2.5 separators commonly used in China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第1期32卷 238-249页

作者： Peng Du Jianguo Liu Huaqiao Gui Jiaoshi Zhang Tongzhu Yu Jie Wang Yin Cheng Yihuai Lu Yawei Yao Qiang Fu ChihChieh Chen Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology AnhuiInstitute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy cf SciencesXiamen 361021China China National Environment Monitoring Centre Beijing 100012China Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene "National"Taituan UniversityChinese TaipeiTaiiuan

PM2.5 separator directly affects the accuracy of PM2.5 sampling.The specification testing and evaluation for PM2.5 separator is particularly important,especially under China’s wide variation of terrain and climate.In this study,first a static test apparatus based on polydisperse aerosol was established and calibrated to evaluate the performance of the PM2.5 separators.A uniform mixing chamber was developed to make particles mix completely.The aerosol concentration relative standard deviations of three test points at the same horizontal chamber position were less than 0.57%,and the particle size distribution obeyed logarithmic normal distribution with an R2 of 0.996.The flow rate deviation between the measurement and the set point flow rate agreed to within±1.0%in the range of-40 to 50℃.Secondly,the separation,flow and loading characteristics of three cyclone separators(VSCC-A,SCC-A and SCC112)were evaluated using this system.The results showed that the 50%cutoff sizes(D50)of the three cyclones were 2.48,2.47 and 2.44μm when worked at the manufacturer’s recommended flow rates,respectively.The geometric standard deviation(GSD)of the capture efficiency of VSCCA was 1.23,showed a slightly sharper than SCC-A(GSD=1.27),while the SCC112 did not meet the relevant indicator(GSD=1.2±0.1)with a GSD=1.44.The flow rate and loading test had a great effect on D50,while the GSD remained almost the same as before.In addition,the maintenance frequency under different air pollution conditions of the cyclones was summarized according to the loading test.

关键词： PM2.5 separator Performance assessment Separation characteristics Flow characteristics Loading test

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Identification of long-range transport pathways and potential sources of PM2.5 and PM10 in Beijing from 2014 to 2015

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第6期29卷 214-229页

作者： Deping Li Jianguo Liu Jiaoshi Zhang Huaqiao Gui Peng Du Tongzhu Yu Jie Wang Yihuai Lu Wenqing Liu Yin Cheng Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology AnhuiInstitute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026China Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China

Trajectory clustering, potential source contribution function （PSCF） and concentration-weighted trajectory （CWT） methods were applied to investigate the transport pathways and identify potential sources of PM2.s and PMIo in different seasons from June 2014 to May 2015 in Beijing. The cluster analyses showed that Beijing was affected by trajectories from the south and southeast in summer and autumn. In winter and spring, Beijing was not only affected by the trajectories from the south and southeast, but was also affected by trajectories from the north and northwest. In addition, the analyses of the pressure profile of backward trajectories showed that backward trajectories, which have important influence on Beijing, were mainly distributed above 970 hPa in summer and autumn and below 950 hPa in spring and winter. This indicates that PM2.s and PMIo were strongly affected by the near surface air masses in summer and autumn and by high altitude air masses in winter and spring. Results of PSCF and CV/T analyses showed that the largest potential source areas were identified in spring, followed by winter and autumn, then summer. In addition, potential source regions of PMIo were similar to those of PM2.5. There were a clear seasonal and spatial variation of the potential source areas of Beijing and the airflow in the horizontal and vertical directions. Therefore, more effective regional emission reduction measures in Beijing＇s surrounding provinces should be implemented to reduce emissions of regional sources in different seasons.

关键词： PM2.5 PM40 Cluster analyses PSCFCWT Beijing

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车用动力电池回收技术进展

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中国有色金属学报 2014年第2期24卷 448-460页

作者：余海军谢英豪张铜柱广东邦普循环科技有限公司佛山528244 中国汽车技术研究中心天津300300

近年来,作为高能汽车动力电池的镍氢电池和锂离子电池凭借其能量密度高、充放电速度快、循环寿命长以及无污染等优点得到快速发展。但经过数百至上千次的循环充放电后其容量下降并最终报废,从保护环境、节约自然资源角度看,回收电池再... 详细信息

近年来,作为高能汽车动力电池的镍氢电池和锂离子电池凭借其能量密度高、充放电速度快、循环寿命长以及无污染等优点得到快速发展。但经过数百至上千次的循环充放电后其容量下降并最终报废,从保护环境、节约自然资源角度看,回收电池再利用成为必然。作者总结了近年来国内外回收利用锂离子电池和镍氢电池的方法,包括湿法工艺、火法工艺和联合工艺等,并对各工艺作出了评价;概述了研究现状中存在的二次污染、安全性问题与解决方法和回收制备产物的种类,为中国未来动力电池回收利用奠定基础。

关键词：动力电池回收利用分离湿法冶金火法冶金

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Review on recent progress in on-line monitoring technology for atmospheric pollution source emissions in China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第1期123卷 367-386页

作者： Huanqin Wang Jitong Zhou Xue Li Qiang Ling Hongyuan Wei Lei Gao Ying He Ming Zhu Xiao Xiao Youjiang Liu Shan Li Chilai Chen Guotao Duan Zhimin Peng Peili Zhou yufeng Duan Jianbing Wang Tongzhu Yu Yixin Yang Jiguang Wang Zhen Zhou Huaqiao Gui Yanjun Ding State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology Institute of Intelligent MachinesHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632China Department of Automation University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China China Automotive Technology and Research Center Tianjin 300300China Institute of Solid State Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China School of Electronic Information and Communications Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China School of Optical and Electronic Information Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China State Key Laboratory of Power Systems Department of Energy and Power EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education School of Energy and EnvironmentSoutheast UniversityNanjing 210096China School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing)Beijing 100083China CAS Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China

Emissions from mobile sources and stationary sources contribute to atmospheric pollution in China,and its components,which include ultrafine particles(UFPs),volatile organic compounds(VOCs),and other reactive gases,such as NH3and NOx,are the most harmful to human health.China has released various regulations and standards to address pollution from mobile and stationary sources.Thus,it is urgent to develop online monitoring technology for atmospheric pollution source emissions.This study provides an overview of the main progress in mobile and stationary source monitoring technology in China and describes the comprehensive application of some typical instruments in vital areas in recent years.These instruments have been applied to monitor emissions from motor vehicles,ships,airports,the chemical industry,and electric power generation.Not only has the level of atmospheric environment monitoring technology and equipment been improving,but relevant regulations and standards have also been constantly updated.Meanwhile,the developed instruments can provide scientific assistance for the successful implementation of regulations.According to the potential problem areas in atmospheric pollution in China,some research hotspots and future trends of atmospheric online monitoring technology are summarized.Furthermore,more advanced atmospheric online monitoring technology will contribute to a comprehensive understanding of atmospheric pollution and improve environmental monitoring capacity.

关键词： Atmospheric pollution Mobile sources Stationary sources On-line monitoring technology

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国产化RISC V芯片的健康管理工程设计及实践

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单片机与嵌入式系统应用 2023年第11期23卷 25-28,62页

作者：王铜柱张宇罗云鹏中国电子科技集团第三十研究所成都610041

为了实现基于国产化RISC V芯片的低成本健康管理工程,提出了一种使用两颗低成本单片机的级联方案。将健康管理工程互为备份地实现在两颗芯片上,通过芯片间交互协议同步信息,同时主控芯片也可访问到单片机上的信息。实测结果表明,基于国... 详细信息

为了实现基于国产化RISC V芯片的低成本健康管理工程,提出了一种使用两颗低成本单片机的级联方案。将健康管理工程互为备份地实现在两颗芯片上,通过芯片间交互协议同步信息,同时主控芯片也可访问到单片机上的信息。实测结果表明,基于国产化RISC V芯片的健康管理工程能够实现稳定、可靠的数据传输,满足系统设计需求。

关键词： RISC V芯片健康管理 CAN接口 GD32VF103

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煤矿井下顺槽用破碎机生产能力计算研究与应用

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现代矿业 2020年第8期36卷 170-171,175页

作者：余铜柱王鹏兖州煤业股份有限公司设备管理中心山东邹城273500 宁夏天地奔牛实业集团有限公司

煤矿井下顺槽用破碎机的生产能力计算是井下顺槽设备选型和配置的基础。通过分析破碎机工作过程,将破碎机输出的物料分为破碎轴旋转输出部分和低于破碎刀齿齿顶圆而未破碎部分,采用理论分析法计算两部分质量和,推导出了破碎机生产能力... 详细信息

煤矿井下顺槽用破碎机的生产能力计算是井下顺槽设备选型和配置的基础。通过分析破碎机工作过程,将破碎机输出的物料分为破碎轴旋转输出部分和低于破碎刀齿齿顶圆而未破碎部分,采用理论分析法计算两部分质量和,推导出了破碎机生产能力计算公式,并通过分析转载机运煤及破碎机破碎过程,得到了刮板转载机最大链速计算方法。结果表明,破碎机生产能力与转载机链速、破碎机减速器速比以及破碎机结构尺寸等因素有关;转载机最大链速与刀齿齿顶圆半径、破碎刀齿数量以及破碎轴转速有关。同时,引入了富裕系数衡量破碎机生产能力富裕度,对煤矿常用PLM4500型破碎机的生产能力和富裕系数进行了实例验证。该计算方法科学合理,可行性好,值得推广。

关键词：顺槽用破碎机生产能力富裕系数

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工作面巷道无反复支撑超前支护研究现状及发展

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矿山机械 2020年第7期48卷 1-4页

作者：韩会军余铜柱天地科技股份有限公司开采设计事业部北京100013 兖州煤业股份有限公司山东邹城273500

目前常用的工作面超前支架组反复接顶支撑会对巷道顶板已有支护体系造成破坏。总结了无反复支撑技术研究现状,简述了工作面巷道超前应力分布规律及超前支架与围岩的耦合支护原则,阐述了无反复支护单元的结构型式及其在巷道中的移动方式... 详细信息

目前常用的工作面超前支架组反复接顶支撑会对巷道顶板已有支护体系造成破坏。总结了无反复支撑技术研究现状,简述了工作面巷道超前应力分布规律及超前支架与围岩的耦合支护原则,阐述了无反复支护单元的结构型式及其在巷道中的移动方式,并分析了不同类型支护结构及移动方式的使用条件和优缺点,在此基础上,指出提高支护单元的支护强度及移动效率是无反复支撑超前支护的发展趋势。

关键词：巷道支护超前支架无反复支撑研究现状

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新型缓冲吸能装置手性结构吸能特性对比分析

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煤炭科学技术 2023年第S01期51卷 396-403页

作者：杜明超张坤黄梁松李玉霞刘亚余铜柱张代祥山东科技大学电气与自动化工程学院山东青岛266590 兖州煤业设备管理中心山东济宁273500

为改善采掘扰动及冲击地压对超前液压支架的冲击破坏作用,有效提升支护设备服役寿命,设计了一种新型缓冲吸能装置,作为一种独立设计的模块化单元,该种吸能装置通过螺栓安装在超前液压支架顶梁上端面,能够有效缓冲来压峰值,为液压支架安... 详细信息

为改善采掘扰动及冲击地压对超前液压支架的冲击破坏作用,有效提升支护设备服役寿命,设计了一种新型缓冲吸能装置,作为一种独立设计的模块化单元,该种吸能装置通过螺栓安装在超前液压支架顶梁上端面,能够有效缓冲来压峰值,为液压支架安全阀的开启提供充足缓冲时间,极大程度地减少了液压支架立柱弯曲、断裂甚至爆缸现象的发生。文中重点对核心吸能体的结构参数及材质属性开展了相关研究,对比分析了6种不同材质手性蜂窝结构的变形响应特性、缓冲特性及吸能特性,结果表明:①相同冲击载荷工况下,橡胶材质三韧带结构压缩变形量最大,为172.1 mm,而尼龙材质六韧带结构压缩变形量最小,为5.83 mm;②经尼龙材质六韧带结构缓冲后的来压峰值最大,为2148 kN,缓冲时间为20 ms,而经橡胶材质六韧带结构缓冲后的来压峰值最小,为147 kN,缓冲时间为209 ms,远大于液压支架安全阀60 ms的动态响应时间,满足安全阀正常开启的基本要求;③橡胶材质和尼龙材质的吸能峰值近似,均为10^(4)J,相比其他工况而言,橡胶材质六韧带手性结构的吸能区间呈现为平缓的山峰状,有效吸能区间范围更大,吸能效果更佳,吸能缓冲时间更长。综合评估可知,橡胶材质六韧带手性结构具有较好的缓冲吸能效果,且结构变形较小,满足预期指标及煤矿现场的具体工况需求。

关键词：超前液压支架冲击地压手性蜂窝结构变形响应特性缓冲吸能特性

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