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Conservation genomic investigation of an endangered conifer,Thuja sutchuenensis,reveals low genetic diversity but also low genetic load

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Plant Diversity 2024年第1期46卷 78-90页

作者： tongzhou Tao Richard IMilne Jialiang Li Heng Yang Shiyang wang Sihan Chen Kangshan Mao Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education&Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station College of Life ScienceSichuan UniversityChengduChina Institute of Molecular Plant Science School of Biological ScienceUniversity of EdinburghEdinburgh EH93BFUK College of Science Tibet UniversityLhasa 850000Xizang Autonomous RegionPR China

Endangered species generally have small populations with low genetic diversity and a high genetic load.Thuja sutchuenensis is an endangered conifer endemic to southwestern China.It was once considered extinct in the wild,but in 1999 was rediscovered.However,little is known about its genetic load.We collected 67 individuals from five wild,isolated T.sutchuenensis populations,and used 636,151 SNPs to analyze the level of genetic diversity and genetic load in T.sutchuenensis to delineate the conservation units of T.sutchuenensis,based on whole transcriptome sequencing data,as well as target capture sequencing data.We found that populations of T.sutchuenensis could be divided into three groups.These groups had low levels genetic diversity and were moderately genetically differentiated.Our findings also indicate that T.sutchuenensis suffered two severe bottlenecks around the Last Glaciation Period and Last Glacial Maximum.Among Thuja species,T.sutchuenensis presented the lowest genetic load and hence might have purged deleterious mutations efficiently through purifying selection.However,distribution of fitness effects analysis indicated a high extinction risk for T.sutchuenensis.Multiple lines of evidence identified three management units for T.sutchuenensis.Although T.sutchuenensis possesses a low genetic load,low genetic diversity,suboptimal fitness,and anthropogenic pressures all present an extinction risk for this rare conifer.This might also hold true for many endangered plant species in the mountains all over the world.

关键词： Sichuan Arborvitae Genetic load Deleterious mutations Demographic history Conservation genomics

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Electron modulation of cobalt carbonate hydroxide by Mo doping for urea-assisted hydrogen production

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第7期31卷 258-265,I0007页

作者： Siyu Zheng Hongye Qin Xuejie Cao tongzhou wang Wenbo Lu Lifang Jiao Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry(Ministry of Education) Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center(Re Cast)College of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin 300071China Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials(Ministry of Education) School of Chemistry and Material ScienceShanxi Normal UniversityTaiyuan 030035ShanxiChina Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations Tianjin 300192China

Combining urea oxidation reaction(UOR) with hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) is an effective method for energy saving and highly efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen production. Herein, molybdenumincorporated cobalt carbonate hydroxide nanoarrays(CoxMoyCH) are designed and synthesized as a bifunctional catalyst towards UOR and HER. Benefiting from the Mo doping, the dispersed nanoarray structure and redistributed electron density, the CoxMoyCH catalyst display outstanding catalytic performance and durability for both HER and UOR, affording the overpotential of 82 m V for HER and delivering a low potential of the 1.33 V for UOR(vs. reversible hydrogen electrode, RHE) to attain a current density of 10 m A cm^(-2), respectively. Remarkably, when CoxMoyCH was applied as bifunctional catalyst in a twoelectrode electrolyzer, a working voltage of 1.40 V is needed in urea-assisted water electrolysis at10 m A cm^(-2) and without apparent decline for 40 h, outperforming the working voltage of 1.51 V in conventional water electrolysis.

关键词： Urea-assisted water electrolysis Bifunctional catalyst Molybdenum doping Cobalt carbonate hydroxides Hydrogen evolution reaction

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Crystalline-amorphous interfaces of NiO-CrO_(x)electrocatalysts for boosting the urea oxidation reaction

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Nano Research 2023年第3期16卷 3665-3671页

作者： Xuejie Cao tongzhou wang Hongye Qin Guangliang Lin Lihua Zhao Lifang Jiao Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry(Ministry of Education) Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center(RECAST)College of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin 300071China Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations Tianjin 300192China Tianjin Renai College Tianjin 301636China

The overall energy efficiency of electrochemical systems is severely hindered by the traditional anodic oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Utilizing urea oxidation reaction(UOR)with lower thermodynamic potential to replace OER provides a promising strategy to enhance the energy efficiency.Amorphous and heterojunctions electrocatalysts have been aroused extensive studies owing to their unique physicochemical properties and outperformed activity.Herein,we report a simple method to construct a novel crystalline-amorphous NiO-CrO_(x)heterojunction grown on Ni foam for UOR electrocatalyst.The NiO-CrO_(x)electrocatalyst displays excellent UOR performance with an ultralow working potential of 1.32 V at 10 mA·cm^(−2)and ultra-long stability about 5 days even at 100 mA·cm^(−2).In-situ Raman analysis and temperature-programmed desorption(TPD)measurement verify that the presence of the amorphous CrO_(x)phase can boost the reconstruction from NiO to active NiOOH species and enhance adsorption ability of urea molecule.Besides,the unique crystalline-amorphous interfaces are also benefit to improving the UOR performance.

关键词： NiO-CrO_(x) crystalline-amorphous interfaces electrochemical reconstruction urea oxidation reaction

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PEM water electrolysis for hydrogen production:fundamentals,advances,and prospects

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碳中和(英文) 2022年第1期1卷 323-341页

作者： tongzhou wang Xuejie Cao Lifang Jiao Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry(Ministry of Education) Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center(RECAST)College of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin 300071China Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations Tianjin 300192China

Hydrogen,as a clean energy carrier,is of great potential to be an alternative fuel in the future.Proton exchange membrane(PEM)water electrolysis is hailed as the most desired technology for high purity hydrogen production and self-consistent with volatility of renewable energies,has ignited much attention in the past decades based on the high current density,greater energy efficiency,small mass-volume characteristic,easy handling and maintenance.To date,substantial efforts have been devoted to the development of advanced electrocatalysts to improve electrolytic efficiency and reduce the cost of PEM electrolyser.In this review,we firstly compare the alkaline water electrolysis(AWE),solid oxide electrolysis(SOE),and PEM water electrolysis and highlight the advantages of PEM water electrolysis.Furthermore,we summarize the recent progress in PEM water electrolysis including hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)electrocatalysts in the acidic electrolyte.We also introduce other PEM cell components(including membrane electrode assembly,current collector,and bipolar plate).Finally,the current challenges and an outlook for the future development of PEM water electrolysis technology for application in future hydrogen production are provided.

关键词： PEM water electrolysis Hydrogen production hydrogen evolution reaction Oxygen evolution reaction

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N-doped ZrO_(2) nanoparticles embedded in a N-doped carbon matrix as a highly active and durable electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction

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Fundamental Research 2022年第4期2卷 604-610页

作者： Xuejie Cao Siyu Zheng tongzhou wang Fei Lin Jinhong Li Lifang Jiao Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemisty(Ministry of Education) Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center(RECAST)College of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin 300071China

Fabricating highly efficient and robust oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)electrocatalysts is challenging but desirable for practical Zn-air batteries.As an early transition-metal oxide,zirconium dioxide(ZrO_(2))has emerged as an interesting catalyst owing to its unique characteristics of high stability,anti-toxicity,good catalytic activity,and small oxygen adsorption enthalpies.However,its intrinsically poor electrical conductivity makes it difficult to serve as an ORR electrocatalyst.Herein,we report ultrafine N-doped ZrO_(2) nanoparticles embedded in an N-doped porous carbon matrix as an ORR electrocatalyst(N-ZrO_(2)/NC).The N-ZrO_(2)/NC catalyst displays four-electron reduction of oxygen in O.1 M KOH,Upon employment in a Zn-air battery,N-ZrO,/NC presented an exellent activity and long-term durability with a half-wave potential(E,v2)of 0.84 V and a selectivity for the intriguing powerdensity of 185.9 mwcm^(-2).anda high secific capacity of 797.9 mA h gzni,exceeding those of commercial Pt/C(122.1 mw cm^(-2) and 782.5 mA h gzn),This excellent performance is mainly ttributed to the ultrafine ZrO_(2) nanoparticles the conductive carbon substrate,and the modifed electronic band structure of ZrO_(2) after N-doping.Density functional theory calculations demonstrated that N-doping can reduce the band-gap of ZrO_(2) from 3.96 eV to 3.33 eV through the hybridization of the p state of the N atom with the 2p state of the oxygen atom;this provides enhanced electrical conductivity and results in faster electron-transfer kinetics.This work provides a new approach for the design of other enhanced semiconductor and insulator materials.

关键词： Oxygen reduction reaction Zirconium dioxide Zn-air batteries Nitrogen doping Band-gap structure

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Electrochemical reconstruction of non-noble metal-based heterostructure nanorod arrays electrodes for highly stable anion exchange membrane seawater electrolysis

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第4期91卷 370-382页

作者： Jingchen Na Hongmei Yu Senyuan Jia Jun Chi Kaiqiu Lv tongzhou Li Yun Zhao Yutong Zhao Haitao Zhang Zhigang Shao Fuel Cell System and Engineering Laboratory Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023LiaoningChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Direct seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production has been regarded as a viable route to utilize surplus renewable energy and address the climate crisis.However,the harsh electrochemical environment of seawater,particularly the presence of aggressive Cl^(-),has been proven to be prone to parasitic chloride ion oxidation and corrosion reactions,thus restricting seawater electrolyzer lifetime.Herein,hierarchical structure(Ni,Fe)O(OH)@NiCoS nanorod arrays(NAs)catalysts with heterointerfaces and localized oxygen vacancies were synthesized at nickel foam substrates via the combination of hydrothermal and annealing methods to boost seawater dissociation.The hiera rchical nanostructure of NiCoS NAs enhanced electrode charge transfer rate and active surface area to accelerate oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and generated sulfate gradient layers to repulsive aggressive Cl^(-).The fabricated heterostructure and vacancies of(Ni,Fe)O(OH)tuned catalyst electronic structure into an electrophilic state to enhance the binding affinity of hydroxyl intermediates and facilitate the structural transformation into amorphousγ-NiFeOOH for promoting OER.Furthermore,through operando electrochemistry techniques,we found that theγ-NiFeOOH possessing an unsaturated coordination environment and lattice-oxygen-participated OER mechanism can minimize electrode Cl^(-)corrosion enabled by stabilizing the adsorption of OH*intermediates,making it one of the best OER catalysts in the seawater medium reported to date.Consequently,these catalysts can deliver current densities of 100 and 500 mA cm-2for boosting OER at minimal overpotentials of 245and 316 mV,respectively,and thus prevent chloride ion oxidation simultaneously.Impressively,a highly stable anion exchange membrane(AEM)seawater electrolyzer based on the non-noble metal heterostructure electrodes reached a record low degradation rate under 100μV h-1at constant industrial current densities of 400 and 600 mA cm-2over 300 h,which exhibits a promising future for the nonprecious and stable AEMWE

关键词： Direct seawater electrolysis Anion exchange membrane water electrolysis Oxygen evolution reaction Oxygen vacancies Operando electrochemistry techniques

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Transition-Metal(Fe,Co,and Ni)-Based Nanofiber Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting

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Advanced Fiber Materials 2021年第4期3卷 210-228页

作者： Xuejie Cao tongzhou wang Lifang Jiao Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry(Ministry of Education) Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center(ReCast)College of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin 300071China

Electrochemical water splitting is a fascinating technology for sustainable hydrogen production,and electrocatalysts are essential to accelerate the sluggish hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions(HER and OER).Transition-metal-based electrocatalysts have attracted enormous interests due to the abundant resources,low cost,and comparable catalytic performance to noble metals.Among these studies,fibrous materials possess distinct advantages,such as unique structure,high active surface area,and fast electron transport.Herein,the most recent progress of nanofiber electrocatalysts on synthesis and application in HER and OER is summarized,with emphasis on iron-,cobalt-,and nickel-based materials.Moreover,the challenge and prospects of fibrous-structured electrocatalysts on water splitting is provided.

关键词： Nanofibers Transition metals Electrocatalysts Hydrogen evolution reaction Oxygen evolution reaction

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Ni_(2)P/NiMoP heterostructure as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for energy-saving hydrogen production

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eScience 2021年第1期1卷 69-74页

Electrochemical water splitting is a sustainable and feasible strategy for hydrogen production but is hampered by the sluggish anodic oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Herein,an effective approach is introduced to significantly decrease the cell voltage by replacing the anodic OER with a urea oxidation reaction(UOR).A Ni_(2)P/NiMoP nanosheet catalyst with a hierarchical architecture is uniformly grown on a nickel foam(NF)substrate through a simple hydrothermal and phosphorization method.The Ni_(2)P/NiMoP achieves impressive HER activity,with a low overpotential of only 22 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2)and a low Tafel slope of 34.5 mV dec^(−1).In addition,the oxidation voltage is significantly reduced from 1.49 V to 1.33 V after the introduction of 0.33 M urea.Notably,a two-electrode electrolyzer employing Ni_(2)P/NiMoP as a bifunctional catalyst exhibits a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2)at a cell voltage of 1.35 V and excellent long-term durability after 80 h.

关键词： Hydrogen production Hierarchical architecture Urea oxidation reaction Bifunctional catalyst

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NbC对激光熔覆316L不锈钢组织及性能的影响

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应用激光 2024年第4期44卷 59-66页

作者：王天煜张岳许桐舟上海电子信息职业技术学院机械与能源工程学院上海201411 山东大学电气工程学院山东济南250100 沈阳工业大学材料科学与工程学院辽宁沈阳110870

为提高316L激光熔覆层的硬度及耐磨性,采用激光熔覆技术在车用304不锈钢表面制备10%(质量分数)NbC/316L不锈钢复合涂层。分别研究复合涂层的组织形貌、相组成、元素分布、硬度及磨损行为。结果表明,复合涂层表面无裂纹、气孔等缺陷,组... 详细信息

为提高316L激光熔覆层的硬度及耐磨性,采用激光熔覆技术在车用304不锈钢表面制备10%(质量分数)NbC/316L不锈钢复合涂层。分别研究复合涂层的组织形貌、相组成、元素分布、硬度及磨损行为。结果表明,复合涂层表面无裂纹、气孔等缺陷,组织均匀致密。涂层由γ-Fe和NbC组成,其中NbC均匀弥散地分布在涂层中。结合涂层微观组织及元素分布,NbC在涂层中起到了细晶强化和第二相强化作用,复合涂层的显微硬度约为354 HV,显著高于316L涂层的显微硬度(233 HV)。由于显微硬度的提高,复合涂层的摩擦系数和磨损率均有降低,复合涂层的平均摩擦系数约为0.387,磨损率为1.41×10^(-5) N·m,约为316L涂层的50%。添加NbC可显著提升316L涂层的硬度和耐磨性。

关键词：激光熔覆 316L不锈钢硬度耐磨性碳化铌

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Identifying the Hydrochemical Characteristics,Genetic Mechanisms and Potential Human Health Risks of Fluoride and Nitrate Enriched Groundwater in the tongzhou District,Beijing,North China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第2期98卷 468-476页

作者： ZHANG Shouchuan LIU Kai MA Yan wang Luyao SUN Junliang Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037China School of Water Resources and Environment China University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China

Fluoride and nitrate enriched groundwater are potential threats to the safety of the groundwater supply that may cause significant effects on human health and public safety,especially in aggregated population areas and economic hubs.This study focuses on the high F^(−)and NO_(3)^(−)concentration groundwater in tongzhou District,Beijing,North China.A total of 36 groundwater samples were collected to analyze the hydrochemical characteristics,elucidate genetic mechanisms and evaluate the potential human health risks.The results of the analysis indicate:Firstly,most of the groundwater samples are characterized by Mg-HCO_(3) and Na-HCO_(3) with the pH ranging from 7.19 to 8.28 and TDS with a large variation across the range 471-2337 mg/L.The NO_(3)^(−)concentration in 38.89%groundwater samples and the F^(−)concentration in 66.67%groundwater samples exceed the permissible limited value.Secondly,F^(−)in groundwater originates predominantly from water-rock interactions and the fluorite dissolution,which is also regulated by cation exchange,competitive adsorption of HCO_(3)−and an alkaline environment.Thirdly,the effect of sewage disposal and agricultural activities have a significant effect on high NO3-concentration,while the high F^(−)concentration is less influenced by anthropogenic activity.The alkaline environment favors nitrification,thus being conducive to the production of NO_(3)^(−).Finally,the health risk assessment is evaluated for different population groups.The results indicate that high NO_(3)^(−)and F^(−)concentration in groundwater would have the largest threat to children’s health.The findings of this study could contribute to the provision of a scientific basis for groundwater supply policy formulation relating to public health in tongzhou District.

关键词： fluoride concentration nitrate pollution genetic mechanism health risk assessment tongzhou District

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