检索结果-南通市图书馆

Research on 2041 Cases of High Inpatient Expenditure and Influence Factors during 3 Years in a Single Center

Chinese Medical Journal 2016年第19期129卷 2325-2330页

作者： Suo-Wei Wu Qi Pan Chao Li Qin Wang Jing-chen Song tong chen Department of Medical Administration Beijing Hospital Beijing 100730 China

Background：The study was to explore the causes of high inpatient expenditure through analyzing the distribution characteristics as well as the influence factors of high inpatient expenditure cases during 3 years within a Grade-A tertiary hospital through various aspects and multiple angles,thus identifying the major influence factors for high medical expenditure to develop further research.Methods：We retrospectively studied 204l inpatient cases which cost more than RMB 100,000 Yuan per case in a Grade-A tertiary hospital from 2013 to 2015.We analyzed the compositions of the medical cost to evaluate the major factors that cause the high inpatient expenditure.All the data and materials were collected from medical record system,and the statistical methods included t-test,variance of analysis,and multivariate linear regression.Results：The average cost of the 2,041 cases was RMB 152,173 Yuan for medicines and materials of medical costs,which respectively accounted for 33.03% and 32.32% of the total cost;and the average length of hospital stay was 28.39 days/person.Diseases of skeletal and muscular system,circulatory system,and tumor were the top three disease categories of high inpatient expenditure,which accounted for 39.00%,33.46%,and 18.03%,respectively.Complications,criticality of the disease,gender of the patients,the occurrence of death,and the excessive length of hospital stay all had great impacts on average medical expenditure,while age,hospital infection,and surgery showed no significant impact on average medical cost.Conclusions：The main factors for high inpatient expenditure included the inadequate use of high-value medicines and materials,lacking cost control measures within the hospital,the excessive length of hospital stay for inpatients,and the unnecessary treatment for the patients.

关键词： High Inpatient Expenditure Influence Factors Medical Cost

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Publishing clinical prActice GuidelinEs(PAGE):Recommendations from editors and reviewers

引用

Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2022年第6期25卷 312-316页

作者： Nan Yang Wei Zhao Wen-An Qi chen Yao Chong-Ya Dong Zhen-Guo Zhai tong chen En-Mei Liu Guo-Bao Li You-Lin Long Xin-Yi Wang Zi-Jun Wang Ruo-Bing Lei Qi Zhou Yao-Long chen Liang Du on behalf of TERM working group Evidence-Based Medicine Center School of Basic Medical SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China Editor-in-Chief Office Chinese Medical Association Publishing HouseBeijing100052China Editorial Department British Medical Journal(Chinese Edition)Chinese Medical Association Publishing HouseBeijing100052China Department of Biostatistics Peking University First HospitalBeijing100034China Clinical Research Institute Peking UniversityBeijing100191China Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Center of Respiratory MedicineChina-Japan Friendship HospitalBeijing100029China Institute of Respiratory Medicine Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing100029China National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases Beijing100029China Department of Hematology Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200040China Institute of Medicine Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200040China Department of Respiratory Medicine Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400014China National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders Chongqing400014China Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing400014China National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease The Third People's Hospital of ShenzhenShenzhen518112China Medical Device Regulatory Research and Evaluation Center West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041China Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041China Chevidence Lab of Child&Adolescent Health Department of Pediatric Research InstituteChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400014China Research Unit of Evidence-Based Evaluation and Guidelines(2021RU017) Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesSchool of Basic Medical SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China Guidelines and Standards Research Center Chinese Medical Association Publishing HouseBeijing100052China W

Transparency Ecosystem for Research and Journals in Medicine(TERM)working group summarized the essential recommendations that should be considered to review and publish a high-quality guideline.These recommendations from editors and reviewers included 10 components of essential requirements:systematic review of existing relevant guidelines,guideline registration,guideline protocol,stakeholders,conflicts of interest,clinical questions,systematic reviews,recommendation consensus,guideline reporting and external review.TERM working group abbreviates them as PAGE(essential requirements for Publishing clinical prActice GuidelinEs),and recommends guideline authors,editors,and peer reviewers to use them for high-quality guidelines.

关键词： Guidelines Recommendations Editor Peer review Transparency

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Adversarial attack and defense in reinforcement learning-from AI security view

引用

Cybersecurity 2019年第1期2卷 167-188页

作者： tong chen Jiqiang Liu Yingxiao Xiang Wenjia Niu Endong tong Zhen Han Beijing Key Laboratory of Security and Privacy in Intelligent Transportation Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijingChina

Reinforcement learning is a core technology for modern artificial intelligence,and it has become a workhorse for AI applications ranging from Atrai Game to Connected and Automated Vehicle System(CAV).Therefore,a reliable RL system is the foundation for the security critical applications in AI,which has attracted a concern that is more critical than ever.However,recent studies discover that the interesting attack mode adversarial attack also be effective when targeting neural network policies in the context of reinforcement learning,which has inspired innovative researches in this direction.Hence,in this paper,we give the very first attempt to conduct a comprehensive survey on adversarial attacks in reinforcement learning under AI security.Moreover,we give briefly introduction on the most representative defense technologies against existing adversarial attacks.

关键词： Reinforcement learning Artificial intelligence Security Adversarial attack Adversarial example Defense

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

社会资本参与EOD项目的应对策略研究

引用

财经问题研究 2024年第4期 71-80页

作者：贾康陈通邓金丽中国财政科学研究院北京100091 中国科学院大学现代产业研究院北京100145 华夏新供给经济学研究院北京100085

生态环境导向的开发(EOD)模式是将生态环境治理项目搭配资源、产业开发项目一体化实施,统筹推进,将生态环境治理带来的经济价值内部化,是“两山”理念在项目运作和实操层面的具体应用,是推进生态产品价值实现的重要探索,是加强环保投融... 详细信息

生态环境导向的开发(EOD)模式是将生态环境治理项目搭配资源、产业开发项目一体化实施,统筹推进,将生态环境治理带来的经济价值内部化,是“两山”理念在项目运作和实操层面的具体应用,是推进生态产品价值实现的重要探索,是加强环保投融资的重要渠道。EOD项目不新增政府隐性债务,通过关联产业开发收益弥补生态环境治理成本,在力求财政资金“零投入”的前提下,实现项目资金自平衡和生态环境治理的双重目标,符合生态文明建设与国民经济协同发展的要求。EOD项目投融资规模大、涉及行业多、专业性强,对社会资本方的综合实力尤其是生态环境治理能力和产业运营能力要求较高,因而社会资本参与EOD项目面临很多挑战。为了更好地吸引社会资本参与EOD项目,破解社会资本参与EOD项目可能存在的难题,本文总结了EOD项目的优势,梳理了我国EOD项目的投融资模式并对其进行比较,在此基础上分析了当前社会资本参与EOD项目面临的挑战,并基于政府和社会资本合作新机制,从社会资本方角度提出应对策略,以期为生态文明建设与国民经济协同发展提供决策依据。

关键词：社会资本 EOD项目生态环境治理关联产业开发政府和社会资本合作新机制

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

PCDD/Fs in soil around a hospital waste incinerator:comparison after three years of operation

引用

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第4期24卷 699-703页

作者： Xiaodong Li Mi Yan Jie Yang tong chen Shengyong Lu Jianhua Yan State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Zhefiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans （PCDD/Fs） can be formed during the cooling of flue gases in waste incinerator. These pollutants are either in the gas phase or attached to the fine particles, escaping dust collection. After stack emission, they are slowly oxidized photochemically （gas phase）, or eventually are deposited （dry and wet deposition of particulate） in earth surface. In 2007 and 2010, 11 soil samples were collected in the vicinity of a hospital waste incinerator （HWI）, prior and after its startup. In order to find out any variation of PCDD/Fs in soil, in brief dioxins, their concentrations were analyzed by high-resolution gas chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry （HRGC/HRMS）. Compared to the baseline survey （2007）, PCDD/Fs in soil significantly increased, by average, ＋81.6% in total PCDD/Fs and ＋132.7% in international toxic equivalency （I-TEQ） unit. By principal component analysis （PCA）, both the PCDD/Fs homologue and the HxCDF isomer profile in soil were found to become more similar with fly ash. Generally, this incinerator influences the soil only in a limited area. More comprehensive supervision, stricter management and more advanced technology should be implemented in this plant to reduce pollutants emission, even though the level of PCDD/Fs in soil is quite low at present.

关键词： soil dioxin variation waste incinerator

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

The Efficacy of a Live Attenuated TW I-Type Infectious Bronchitis Virus Vaccine Candidate

引用

Virologica Sinica 2021年第6期36卷 1431-1442页

作者： Xinheng Zhang tong chen Sheng chen Yu Nie Zi Xie Keyu Feng Huanmin Zhang Qingmei Xie Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture College of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642China Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus Guangzhou 510642China South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety Guangzhou 510642China United States Department of Agriculture Agriculture Research ServiceAvian Disease and Oncology LaboratoryEast LansingMI 48823USA

Infectious bronchitis(IB) is a highly contagious avian disease caused by infection with infectious bronchitis virus(IBV),which seriously affects the development of the global poultry industry. The distribution of TW I-type IBV in China has increased in recent years, becoming a widespread genotype. We previously isolated a TW I-type IBV strain termed CK/CH/GD/GZ14 in 2014, but its pathogenicity and possibility for vaccine development were not explored. Therefore, this research aimed to develop a live-attenuated virus vaccine based on the CK/CH/GD/GZ14 strain. The wild type IBV CK/CH/GD/GZ14 strain was serially passaged in SPF embryos for 145 generations. The morbidity and mortality rate of wildtype strain in 14 day-old chickens is 100% and 80% respectively, while the morbidity rate in the attenuated strain was 20%in the 95 th and 105 th generations and there was no death. Histopathological observations showed that the pathogenicity of the 95th and 105th generations in chickens was significantly weakened. Further challenge experiments confirmed that the attenuated CK/CH/GD/GZ14 strain in the 95th and 105 th generations could resist CK/CH/GD/GZ14(5th generation)infection and the protection rate was 80%. Tracheal cilia stagnation, virus shedding, and viral load experiments confirmed that the 95 th and 105th generations provide good immune protection in chickens, and the immunogenicity of the 105th generation is better than that of the 95th generation. These data suggest that the attenuated CK/CH/GD/GZ14 strain in the105th generation may be applied as a vaccine candidate against TW I-type IBV.

关键词： Infectious bronchitis virus(IBV) Live-attenuated IBV vaccine candidate TW-I type Nephropathogenic Efficacy

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Development of the Scientific,Transparent and Applicable Rankings (STAR) tool for clinical practice guidelines

引用

Chinese Medical Journal 2023年第12期136卷 1430-1438页

作者： Nan Yang Hui Liu Wei Zhao Yang Pan Xiangzheng Lyu Xiuyuan Hao Xiaoqing Liu Wen’an Qi tong chen Xiaoqin Wang Boheng Zhang Weishe Zhang Qiu Li Dong Xu Xinghua Gao Yinghui Jin Feng Sun Wenbo Meng Guobao Li Qijun Wu Ze chen Xu Wang Janne Estill Susan LNorris Liang Du Yaolong chen Junmin Wei Evidence-Based Medicine Center School of Basic Medical SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansu 730000China Institute of Global Health University of GenevaGeneva 1202Switzerland School of Public Health Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansu 730000China Editor-in-Chief Office Chinese Medical Association Publishing HouseBeijing 100052China Marketing Department Chinese Medical Association Publishing HouseBeijing 100052China Editorial Department National Medical Journal of ChinaChinese Medical Association Publishing HouseBeijing 100052China Editorial Department Chinese Medical JournalChinese Medical Association Publishing HouseBeijing 100052China Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Internal MedicineState Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare DiseasePeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China Editorial office of Digital Medicine and Health Chinese Medical Association Publishing HouseBeijing 100052China Department of Hematology Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200040China Evidence-based Medicine Center Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Department of Hepatic Oncology Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Cancer TherapyZhongshan Hospital(Xiamen)Fudan UniversityXiamenFujian 361015China Department of Obstetrics Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan 410008China Department of Nephrology Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityNational Clinical Research Center for Child Health and DisordersMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and DisordersChongqing Key Laboratory of PediatricsChongqing 400014China SMU Institute for Global Health(SIGHT) School of Health Management and Dermatology HospitalSouthern Medical University(SMU)GuangzhouGuangdong 510515China Department of Dermatology The First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning 110001China Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWu

Background:This study aimed to develop a comprehensive instrument for evaluating and ranking clinical practice guidelines,named Scientific,Transparent and Applicable Rankings tool(STAR),and test its reliability,validity,and usability.Methods:This study set up a multidisciplinary working group including guideline methodologists,statisticians,journal editors,clinicians,and other experts.Scoping review,Delphi methods,and hierarchical analysis were used to develop the STAR tool.We evaluated the instrument’s intrinsic and interrater reliability,content and criterion validity,and usability.Results:STAR contained 39 items grouped into 11 domains.The mean intrinsic reliability of the domains,indicated by Cronbach’sαcoefficient,was 0.588(95%confidence interval[CI]:0.414,0.762).Interrater reliability as assessed with Cohen’s kappa coefficient was 0.774(95%CI:0.740,0.807)for methodological evaluators and 0.618(95%CI:0.587,0.648)for clinical evaluators.The overall content validity index was 0.905.Pearson’s r correlation for criterion validity was 0.885(95%CI:0.804,0.932).The mean usability score of the items was 4.6 and the median time spent to evaluate each guideline was 20 min.Conclusion:The instrument performed well in terms of reliability,validity,and efficiency,and can be used for comprehensively evaluating and ranking guidelines.

关键词： Practice guideline Evidence-based practice Quality control

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Static performance model of GaN MESFET based on the interface state

引用

Journal of Semiconductors 2018年第12期39卷 75-80页

作者： Xiaohong Li Ruirong Wang tong chen Department of Electronic Engineering Taiyuan Institute of Technology

This paper presents a new model to study the static performances of a GaN metal epitaxial-semiconductor field effect transistor（MESFET） based on the metal-semiconductor interface state of the Schottky junction.The I-V performances of MESFET under different channel lengths and different operating systems（pinch-off or not） have been achieved by our model, which strictly depended on the electrical parameters, such as the drain-gate capacity Cgd, the source-gate capacity C;, the transconductance, and the conductance. To determine the accuracy of our model, root-mean-square（RMS） errors were calculated. In the experiment, the experimental data agree with our model. Also, the minimum value of the electrical parameter has been calculated to get the maximum cut-off frequency for the GaN MESFET.

关键词： GaN MESFET static performance model interface states

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Robustness Assessment of Asynchronous Advantage Actor-Critic Based on Dynamic Skewness and Sparseness Computation: A Parallel Computing View

引用

Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2021年第5期36卷 1002-1021页

作者： tong chen Ji-Qiang Liu He Li Shuo-Ru Wang Wen-Jia Niu En-Dong tong Liang Chang Qi Alfred chen Gang Li Beijing Key Laboratory of Security and Privacy in Intelligent Transportation Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100044China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Trusted Software Guilin University of Electronic TechnologyGuilin 541004China Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences University of CaliforniaIrvine 92697U.S.A. Centre for Cyber Security Research and Innovation Deakin UniversityGeelongVIC 3216Australia

Reinforcement learning as autonomous learning is greatly driving artificial intelligence(AI)development to practical applications.Having demonstrated the potential to significantly improve synchronously parallel learning,the parallel computing based asynchronous advantage actor-critic(A3C)opens a new door for reinforcement learning.Unfortunately,the acceleration's influence on A3C robustness has been largely overlooked.In this paper,we perform the first robustness assessment of A3C based on parallel computing.By perceiving the policy's action,we construct a global matrix of action probability deviation and define two novel measures of skewness and sparseness to form an integral robustness measure.Based on such static assessment,we then develop a dynamic robustness assessing algorithm through situational whole-space state sampling of changing episodes.Extensive experiments with different combinations of agent number and learning rate are implemented on an A3C-based pathfinding application,demonstrating that our proposed robustness assessment can effectively measure the robustness of A3C,which can achieve an accuracy of 83.3%.

关键词： robustness assessment skewness sparseness asynchronous advantage actor-critic reinforcement learning

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

引用

Neural Regeneration Research 2010年第24期5卷 1845-1850页

作者： Jing Hou Haihong Wang tong chen Zhenfu Wang Department of Neurology PLA General Hospital Beijing 100853 China Department of Internal Medicine the 313 Hospital of Chinese PLA Huludao 125000 Liaoning Province China

Event-related potential （ERP） studies of cognitive function in Parkinson＇s disease （PD） have focused on P300 and N270. However, little is known regarding face recognition ERP in PD. The present study assessed cognitive function in PD patients using neuropsychological scales and analyzed N170 of visuospatial function impairment （VFI） in PD. Results showed that Montreal cognitive assessment can be used for assessing cognitive impairment when visuospatial functioning is changed during the early stage of PD. Face recognition has clinical significance for detecting changes in visuospatial functioning. However, N170 is not sensitive for detection of VFI in PD, which implies that VFI does not appear in the stage of structure coding in face recognition. In addition, VFI affects face recognition.

关键词： Parkinson＇s disease visuospatial function impairment face recognition event-related potential

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

欢迎您,

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：

通借通还

欢迎您,

建议与咨询 留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

请选择保存的检索档案： 新增检索档案 确定 取消

请选择收藏分类： 新增自定义分类 确定 取消

通借通还

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：