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CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems 2022年第2期6卷 170-178页

作者： Tong Chen Guoyang cheng College of Electrical Engineering and Automation Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou350108 China

Torque ripple is an inherent property of switched reluctance motor(SRM),which seriously affects the control performance and application of the motor.This paper proposes two torque ripple suppression control strategies based on torque-sharing function(TSF).According to the symmetry characteristics of the flux linkage and rotor position curve family,a fourth-order Fourier series is used to fit the SRM flux linkage analytical model.The coefficient of each harmonic term of the flux linkage model is a function related to current,expressed by a sixth-order polynomial.The torque analytical formula can be derived from the flux linkage model.The torque error is calculated via the identified torque model and is compensated through TSF controller in order to reduce torque ripple.The torque model can also be used to establish the torque loop to achieve accurate tracking of the TSF reference torque to reduce torque ripple.Digital simulation was conducted,followed by the implementation on a SRM test bench using a 28335DSP as the master control chip.The experimental results are consistent with the simulation results,and indicate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes.

关键词： Switched reluctance motor analytical model torque ripple suppression torque-sharing function(TSF)

Platinum-copper alloy nanoparticles armored with chloride ion transporter to promote electro-driven tumor inhibition

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Bioactive Materials 2022年第6期7卷 143-152页

作者： Tong Chen Gaorong Han Xiang Li State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310027China ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Centre Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou311200PR China

The induction of oxidative species,driven by oscillating electric field(E),has recently emerged as an effective approach for tumor inhibition,so-called electrodynamic therapy(EDT).While it offers a series of advantages attracting considerable attention,the fundamental mechanism and improvement strategies for EDT approach are being endeavored extensively with the aid of new material explorations.An interesting phenomenon observed in early studies is that the on-site concentration of chloride ion is highly favored for the induction of oxidative species and the efficacy of tumor inhibition.Following this discovery ignored previously,here for the first time,fine Pt/Cu alloy nanoparticles(PtCu_(3) NPs)are integrated with chloride ion transporter(CIT)for EDT-based combinational therapy.In this system,while PtCu_(3) NPs induce oxidative species under an electric field,it also effectively transforms endogenous H_(2)O_(2) into·OH and consumes intracellular glutathione(GSH).More importantly,with the aid of CIT,PtCu_(3)-PEG@CIT NPs promote the intracellular concentration of chloride ion(Cl^(-))by transporting extracellular Cl^(-),facilitating the generation of oxidative species considerably.Meanwhile,CIT delivered intracellularly increases lysosomal pH,leading to the disruption of cellular autophagy and weakening the treatment resistance.In consequence,significant tumor inhibition is enabled both in vitro and in vivo,due to the combination of unique characteristics offered by PtCu_(3)-PEG@CIT.

关键词： Electrodynamic therapy Chloride ion transporter Alloy nanoparticles

Temporal-spatial dynamic characteristics of vehicle emissions on intercity roads in Guangdong Province based on vehicle identity detection data

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第8期130卷 126-138页

作者： Hui Ding Yongming Zhao Shenhua Miao Tong Chen Yonghong Liu College of Automation&College of Artifical Intelligence Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210023China School of Intelligent Systems Engineering Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Transport System Guangzhou 510275China Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Traffic Environmental Monitoring and Control Guangzhou 510275China

Estimating intercity vehicle emissions precisely would benefit collaborative control in multiple cities.Considering the variability of emissions caused by vehicles,roads,and traffic,the 24-hour change characteristics of air pollutants(CO,HC,NO_(X),PM_(2.5))on the intercity road network of Guangdong Province by vehicle categories and road links were revealed based on vehicle identity detection data in real-life traffic for each hour in July 2018.The results showed that the spatial diversity of emissions caused by the unbalanced economywas obvious.The vehicle emissions in the Pearl River Delta region(PRD)with a higher economic level were approximately 1–2 times those in the non-Pearl RiverDelta region(non-PRD).Provincial roads with high loads became potential sources of high emissions.Therefore,emission control policies must emphasize the PRD and key roads by travel guidance to achieve greater reduction.Gasoline passenger cars with a large proportion of traffic dominated morning and evening peaks in the 24-hour period and were the dominant contributors to CO and HC emissions,contributing more than 50%in the daytime(7:00–23:00)and higher than 26%at night(0:00–6:00).Diesel trucks made up 10%of traffic,but were the dominant player at night,contributed 50%–90%to NO_(X) and PM_(2.5) emissions,with amarked 24-hour change rule of more than 80%at night(23:00–5:00)and less than 60%during daytime.Therefore,targeted control measures by time-section should be set up on collaborative control.These findings provide time-varying decision support for variable vehicle emission control on a large scale.

关键词： Intercity roads Dynamic vehicle emissions Vehicle identity detection data Diesel trucks

Application of animal models to compare and contrast the virulence of current and future potential SARS-CoV-2 variants

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Biosafety and Health 2022年第3期4卷 154-160页

作者： Zhe Ding Tong Chen Jiaming Lan Gary Wong Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Research Unit CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and ImmunologyInstitut Pasteur of ShanghaiChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190China

Since severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2)was first identified during late 2019,the sustained spread of this pathogen within the human population has caused worldwide disruption with staggering infection rates and death tolls.Due to the accumulation of mutations in SARS‐CoV‐2,the virus has evolved into many variants,five of which have been listed as variants of concern VOCs by the World Health Organization(WHO).Multiple animal models of SARS‐CoV‐2 have been developed to evaluate vaccines and drugs and to assess the pathogenicity,transmissibility and antiviral measures of these VOCs.Here,we review the cutting‐edge research based on mouse,hamster,ferret and non‐human primate models for evaluating SARS‐CoV‐2 with a focus on the Omicron variant,and highlight the importance of updating vaccines in a timely manner in order to mitigate the negative effects of SARS‐CoV‐2 infections in the human population.

关键词： SARS‐CoV‐2 Animal models Variants of concern Omicron

Curricular Robust Reinforcement Learning via GAN-Based Perturbation Through Continuously Scheduled Task Sequence

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2023年第1期28卷 27-38页

作者： Yike Li Yunzhe Tian Endong tong Wenjia Niu Yingxiao Xiang Tong Chen Yalun Wu Jiqiang Liu Beijing Key Laboratory of Security and Privacy in Intelligent Transportation Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China

Reinforcement learning(RL),one of three branches of machine learning,aims for autonomous learning and is now greatly driving the artificial intelligence development,especially in autonomous distributed systems,such as cooperative Boston Dynamics robots.However,robust RL has been a challenging problem of reliable aspects due to the gap between laboratory simulation and real world.Existing efforts have been made to approach this problem,such as performing random environmental perturbations in the learning process.However,one cannot guarantee to train with a positive perturbation as bad ones might bring failures to RL.In this work,we treat robust RL as a multi-task RL problem,and propose a curricular robust RL approach.We first present a generative adversarial network(GAN)based task generation model to iteratively output new tasks at the appropriate level of difficulty for the current policy.Furthermore,with these progressive tasks,we can realize curricular learning and finally obtain a robust policy.Extensive experiments in multiple environments demonstrate that our method improves the training stability and is robust to differences in training/test conditions.

关键词： robust reinforcement learning generative adversarial network(GAN)based model curricular learning

Strength Model of Soda Residue Soil Considering Consolidation Stress and Structural Influence

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中国海洋大学学报:英文版 2023年第5期22卷 1216-1226页

作者： GONG Xiaolong WANG Yuanzhan chen tong State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Ship and Deep-Sea Exploration Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300354China Tianjin Port(Group)Co.Ltd. Tianjin 300461China Zhongnan Engineering Co.Ltd. Changsha 410014China

Soda residue(SR)is a type of industrial waste produced in the soda process with the ammonia-soda method.Applying SR to backfilling solves the land occupation and environmental pollution problems in coastal areas and saves material costs for foundation engineering.The strength characteristics of soda residue soil(SRS)under different consolidation conditions are the key points to be solved in the engineering application of SRS.Triaxial compression tests were performed on the undisturbed SRS of Tianjin Port.The shear properties of SRS under different consolidation conditions were then discussed.Meanwhile,a structural strength model(SSM)based on Mohr-Coulomb theory was proposed.SSM reflects the influence of soil structure on undrained strength(Cu)and divides the Cu into the following two parts:friction strength(C_(uf))and original structural strength(C_(u0)).C_(uf)characterizes the magnitude of friction between soil particles,which is related to the consolidation stress.Meanwhile,C_(u0)represents the structural effect on soil strength,which is related to the soil deposition and consolidation processes.SSM was validated by the test data of undisturbed soils.Results reveal that the undisturbed soil generally had a certain C_(u0).Therefore,the SRS strength model was established by combining the experimental law of SRS with SSM.Error analysis shows that the SRS strength model can effectively predict the Cu of undisturbed SRS in Tianjin Port under different consolidation conditions.

关键词： soda residue soil triaxial test strength model soil structure consolidation stress

Research on diagnosis-related group grouping of inpatient medical expenditure in colorectal cancer patients based on a decision tree model

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2020年第12期8卷 2484-2493页

作者： Suo-Wei Wu Qi Pan Tong Chen Department of Medical Administration Beijing HospitalBeijing 100730China

BACKGROUND In 2018,the diagnosis-related groups prospective payment system(DRGs-PPS)was introduced in a trial operation in Beijing according to the requirements of medical and health reform.The implementation of the system requires that more than 300 disease types pay through the DRGs-PPS for medical insurance.Colorectal cancer(CRC),as a common malignant tumor with high prevalence in recent years,was among the 300 disease types.AIM To investigate the composition and factors related to inpatient medical expenditure in CRC patients based on disease DRGs,and to provide a basis for the rational economic control of hospitalization expenses for the diagnosis and treatment of CRC.METHODS The basic material and cost data for 1026 CRC inpatients in a Grade-A tertiary hospital in Beijing during 2014-2018 were collected using the medical record system.A variance analysis of the composition of medical expenditure was carried out,and a multivariate linear regression model was used to select influencing factors with the greatest statistical significance.A decision tree model based on the exhaustiveχ^2 automatic interaction detector(E-CHAID)algorithm for DRG grouping was built by setting chosen factors as separation nodes,and the payment standard of each diagnostic group and upper limit cost were calculated.The correctness and rationality of the data were re-evaluated and verified by clinical practice.RESULTS The average hospital stay of the 1026 CRC patients investigated was 18.5 d,and the average hospitalization cost was 57872.4 RMB yuan.Factors including age,gender,length of hospital stay,diagnosis and treatment,as well as clinical operations had significant influence on inpatient expenditure(P<0.05).By adopting age,diagnosis,treatment,and surgery as the grouping nodes,a decision tree model based on the E-CHAID algorithm was established,and the CRC patients were divided into 12 DRG cost groups.Among these 12 groups,the number of patients aged≤67 years,and underwent surgery and chemotherapy or radiotherapy was largest;while p

关键词： Diagnosis-related groups Health care cost Colorectal cancer Length of stay

The best practice for microbiome analysis using R

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Protein & Cell 2023年第10期14卷 713-725页

作者： Tao Wen Guoqing Niu Tong Chen Qirong Shen Jun Yuan Yong-Xin Liu Shenzhen Branch Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern AgricultureGenome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhen 518120China The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based FertilizersNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing 100700China

With the gradual maturity of sequencing technology,many microbiome studies have published,driving the emergence and advance of related analysis tools.R language is the widely used platform for microbiome data analysis for powerful functions.However,tens of thousands of R packages and numerous similar analysis tools have brought major challenges for many researchers to explore microbiome data.How to choose suitable,efficient,convenient,and easy-to-learn tools from the numerous R packages has become a problem for many microbiome researchers.We have organized 324 common R packages for microbiome analysis and classified them according to application categories(diversity,difference,biomarker,correlation and network,functional prediction,and others),which could help researchers quickly find relevant R packages for microbiome analysis.Furthermore,we systematically sorted the integrated R packages(phyloseq,microbiome,MicrobiomeAnalystR,Animalcules,microeco,and amplicon)for microbiome analysis,and summarized the advantages and limitations,which will help researchers choose the appropriate tools.Finally,we thoroughly reviewed the R packages for microbiome analysis,summarized most of the common analysis content in the microbiome,and formed the most suitable pipeline for microbiome analysis.This paper is accompanied by hundreds of examples with 10,000 lines codes in GitHub,which can help beginners to learn,also help analysts compare and test different tools.This paper systematically sorts the application of R in microbiome,providing an important theoretical basis and practical reference for the development of better microbiome tools in the future.All the code is available at GitHub ***/taowenmicro/EasyMicrobiomeR.

关键词： R package microbiome data analysis visualization amplicon metagenome

Karstification characteristics of the Cenomanian-Turonian Mishrif Formation in the Missan Oil Fields,southeastern Iraq,and their effects on reservoirs

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2022年第2期16卷 435-445页

作者： Peiyuan chen Lina GUO chen LI Yi tong CNOOC International Ltd. Beijing 100028China CNOOC Research Institute Co. Ltd.Beijing 100028China

The Middle Cretaceous Mishrif Formation of the Cenomanian-Turonian age is an important Middle Eastern reservoir.Previous studies have shown that carbonates in the Mishrif Formation are affected by karstification and are concentrated at the top of the formation.However,there is a lack of systematic research on the effects of karstification on the formation’s reservoir characteristics.Based on core samples,scanning electron microscopy of thin sections,and geochemical analysis of C,O,and Sr isotopes from wells in the Missan Oil Fields,unconformity was identified at the top of the B21 subzone of the Mishrif Formation.Core and cast-thin-section observations indicate that there is a significant lithological difference above and below the unconformity,and dissolution pores and voids are well-developed beneath it.Vadose silt fills the intragranular pores and geopetal fabric is developed inside some mouldic pores beneath the unconformity surface.The isotopic values of ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr(0.707270-0.707722)and δ^(18)O(−5.94‰—−2.32‰)suggest that the top of the B21 subzone of the Mishrif Formation has been severely affected by syngenetic karst.Karstification is the key to high-quality reservoir formation and the reservoir’s oil-bearing heterogeneity.This study will inform oil and gas exploration in the Missan Oil Fields and in other areas with similar reservoir characteristics.

关键词： unconformity karstification carbonate reservoir Mishrif Formation Missan Oil Fields southeastern Iraq

Numerical investigation of the effect of geosynthetic clay liner chemical incompatibility on flow and contaminant transport through a defective composite liner

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2023年第7期24卷 557-568页

作者： Shiyuan YAO Yuchao LI Shan tong Guannian chen Yunmin chen MOE Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering Department of Civil EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058 China School of Civil&Environmental Engineering and Geography Science Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211China Ningbo ZCONE High-tech Co. Ltd.Ningbo 315000China

A composite liner consisting of a geomembrane(GMB)and a geosynthetic clay liner(GCL)can be compromised by inorganic contaminants because of a defective GMB.When the composite liner with defective GMB is exposed to aggressive leachate conditions,the neglect of the chemical incompatibility of the GCL can potentially result in an underestimation of the leakage rate and flux through the composite liner.This paper proposed a numerical investigation on the effect of chemical incompatibility of GCL on the barrier performance of the composite liner with hole defect.Four cases with leachate solutions having varied cation valencies and ionic strengths were analyzed,in which the hydraulic conductivity of GCL was concentrationdependent.Both the effect of the chemical incompatibility of GCL and the mechanisms were analyzed.The incompatibility of GCL resulted in significant increases in leakage rate and flux through the composite liner by factors of up to 4.9 and 5.0,respectively.The incompatibility-affected area in GCL is located within 0.1 m from the center of the hole in the GMB.The coupled increase in the hydraulic conductivity of GCL and pore water concentration impacts the flux and leakage in a short period of time.With GCL chemical incompatibility considered,advection may dominate the contaminant transport through GCL.

关键词： Geosvnthetic clay liner(GCL) Chemical incompatibility Leakage Contaminant transport Hvdraulic conductivity