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Performance and mechanism for cadmium and lead adsorption from water and soil by corn straw biochar

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2017年第2期11卷 157-164页

作者： tong chi jiane zuo fenglin liu State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

Cadmium （Cd） and lead （Pb） in water and soil could be adsorbed by biochar produced from corn straw. Biochar pyrolyzed under 400℃ for 2 h could reach the ideal removal efficiencies （99.24% and 98.62% for Cd and Pb, respectively） from water with the blochar dosage of 20 g. L^-1 and initial concentration of 20 mg.L^-1 . The pH value of 4-7 was the optimal range for adsorption reaction. The adsorption mechanism was discussed on the basis of a range of characterizations, including X-ray diffraction （XRD）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR） and Raman analysis; it was concluded as surface complexation with active sorption sites （-OH, -COO-）, coordination with 7c electrons （C = C, C = O） and precipitation with inorganic anions （OH-, CO3^2- , SO4^2- ） for both Cd and Pb. The sorption isotherms fit Langmuir model better than Freundlich model and the saturated sorptlon capacities for Cd and Pb were 38.91 mg·g^-1 and 28.99 mg.g^-1 , espectwely. When mixed with soil, biochar could effectively increase alkalinity and reduce bioavailability of heavy metals. Thus, biochar derived from corn straw would be a green material for both removal of heavy metals and amelioration of soil.

关键词： Corn strawBiocharHeavy metalsSorption isothermBioavailability

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Removing phosphorus from aqueous solutions by using iron- modified corn straw biochar

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2015年第6期9卷 1066-1075页

作者： fenglin liu jiane zuo tong chi Pei WANG Bo YANG State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

Iron-modified corn straw biochar was used as an adsorbent to remove phosphorus from agricultural runoff. When agricultural runoffs with a total phosphorus （TP） concentration of 1.86 mg.L-1 to 2.47 mg.L-1 were filtered at a hydraulic retention time of 2 h through a filtration column packed with the modified biochar, a TP removal efficiency of over 99% and an effluent TP concentration of less than 0.02mg.L-1 were achieved. The isotherms of the phosphorus adsorption by the modified biochar fitted the Freundlich equation better than the Langmuir equation. The mechanism of the phosphorus adsorbed by the modified biochar was analyzed by using various technologies, i.e. scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）. The results indicated that the surface of the modified biochar was covered by small iron granules, which were identified as Fe304. The results also showed that new iron oxides were formed on the surface of the modified biochar after the adsorption of phosphorus. Moreover, new bonds of Fe- O-P and P-C were found, which suggested that the new iron oxides tend to be Fe5（PO4）4（OH）3. Aside from removing phosphorus, adding the modified biochar into soil also improved soil productivity. When the modified biochar-to-soil rate was 5%, the stem, root, and bean of broad bean plants demonstrated increased growth rates of 91%, 64%, and 165%, respectively.

关键词： iron-modified biochar phosphorus removal,agricultural waste agricultural runoff

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