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Stratifying the risk of lymph node metastasis in undifferentiated-type early gastric cancer

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第9期21卷 2683-2692页

作者： Yukiko Asakawa Masahiko Ohtaka Shinya Maekawa Mitsuharu Fukasawa Yasuhiro Nakayama Tatsuya Yamaguchi Taisuke Inoue tomoyoshi uetake Minoru Sakamoto Tadashi Sato Yoshihiko Kawaguchi Hideki Fujii Kunio Mochizuki Masao Hada Toshio Oyama Tomotaka Yasumura Kosaku Omata Atsushi Nishiyama Keiichi Naito Hideo Hata Yoshiaki Haba Kazuyuki Miyata Haruhisa Saitoh Yoichi Yamadera Kazuo Miura Akira Kawaoi Tohru Abe Hajime Tsunoda Yuji Honda Masayuki Kurosaki Nobuyuki Enomoto First Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of MedicineUniversity of YamanashiYamanashi 409-3898Japan First Department of Surgery Faculty of MedicineUniversity of YamanashiYamanashi 409-3898Japan Department of Pathology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of YamanashiYamanashi 409-3898Japan Department of Surgery Yamanashi Prefectural Central HospitalYamanashi 400-8506Japan Department of Pathology Yamanashi Prefectural Central HospitalYamanashi 400-8506Japan Department of Surgery Social Insurance Yamanashi HospitalYamanashi 400-0025Japan Department of Pathology Social Insurance Yamanashi HospitalYamanashi 400-0025Japan Department of General Surgery Kofu Kyoritsu HospitalYamanashi 400-0034Japan Department of Pathology Kofu Kyoritsu HospitalYamanashi 400-0034Japan Department of Surgery Kofu Municipal HospitalYamanashi 400-0832Japan Department of Pathology Kofu Municipal HospitalYamanashi 400-0832Japan Department of Surgery Yamanashi Kosei HospitalYamanashi 405-0033Japan Department of Surgery Kanoiwa General HospitalYamanashi 405-0018Japan Department of Pathology Kanoiwa General HospitalYamanashi 405-0018Japan Department of Surgery Social Insurance Kajikazawa HospitalYamanashi 400-0601Japan Department of Surgery Kofu National HospitalYamanashi 400-0006Japan Department of Surgery Fujiyoshida Municipal Medical CenterYamanashi 403-0005Japan Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Musashino Red Cross HospitalTokyo 180-0023Japan

AIM:To study how lymph node metastasis(LNM) risk is stratified in undifferentiated-type early gastric cancer(undiff-EGC) dependent on combinations of risk factors.METHODS:Five hundred and sixty-seven cases with undiff-EGC undergoing gastrectomy with lymphadenectomy were examined retrospectively.Using clinicopathological factors of patient age,location,size,an endoscopic macroscopic tumor form,ulceration,depth,histology,lymphatic involvement(LI) and venous involvement(VI),LNM risk was examined and stratified by conventional statistical analysis and datamining analysis.RESULTS:LNM was positive in 44 of 567 cases(7.8%).Univariate analysis revealed > 2 cm,protrusion,submucosal(sm),mixed type,LI and VI as significant prognostic factors and > 2 cm and LI-positive were independent factors by multivariate analysis.In preoperatively evaluable factors excluding LVI,sm and > 2 cm were independent factors.According to the depth and size,cases were categorized into the low-risk group [m and ≤ 2 cm,0%(LNM incidence)],the moderaterisk group(m and > 2 cm,5.6%; and sm and ≤ 2 cm,6.0%),and the high-risk group(sm and > 2 cm,19.3%).On the other hand,LNM occurred in 1.4% in all LI-negative cases,greatly lower than 28.2% in all LI-positive cases,and LNM incidence was low in LInegative cases even in the moderate- and high-risk groups.CONCLUSION:LNM-related factors in undiff-EGC were depth and size preoperatively while those were LI and size postoperatively.Among these factors,LI was the most significantly correlated factor.

关键词： Undifferentiated-type early gastric cancer Lymph n

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Analysis of the Relationship between Eating and Swallowing Function and Lifestyle of the Elderly Living in the Community-A Secondary Publication

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Journal of Clinical and Nursing Research 2024年第2期8卷 56-69页

作者： Naito tomoyoshi Yamada Masami Nakamura Mi Eiko Ojima Toshiyuki Hamamatsu Medical University Shizuoka 431-3125HamamatsuJapan Department of Nursing Faculty of Medical SciencesTeikyo University of Science and TechnologyTokyo 120-0045Japan Hamamatsu Medical University Department of Health and Social MedicineShizuoka 431-3125HamamatsuJapan

Objectives:The relationship between eating and swallowing function,and lifestyle among community-dwelling elderly people has not been extensively studied.This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of eating and swallowing function and their association with the lifestyle among the elderly.Methods:A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted on 419 elderly people who participated in the oral function improvement project operated by the Community Comprehensive Support Center.A total of 288 valid responses(58 males,230 females,average age 73.6 years)were analyzed.The survey items included basic demographics,health status,lifestyle,and eating and swallowing functions.The chi-square(χ2)test was used to compare for a difference in the risk of dysphagia.Results:72 patients(25.0%)were judged to be at risk for dysphagia,and 216(75.0%)were judged to be not at risk for dysphagia using the revised dysphagia risk assessment scale.The mean score for oral preparatory dysphagia was the highest,while the mean score for pharyngeal dysphagia was the lowest.The group at risk of dysphagia had significant difficulty in chewing and had bad sleep quality as compared to the group that was not at risk.Conclusion:Concerning the risk of dysphagia,there is a need to maintain and improve masticatory function.In addition,improving the swallowing function of the elderly may prevent insomnia and improve sleep quality.

关键词： Elderly living in the community Eating and swallowing function Lifestyle

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High-speed rendering pipeline for polygon-based holograms

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Photonics Research 2023年第2期11卷 313-328页

作者： FAN WANG tomoyoshi ITO tomoyoshi SHIMOBABA Graduate School of Engineering Chiba UniversityChiba 263-8522Japan

As an important three-dimensional(3D) display technology, computer-generated holograms(CGHs) have been facing challenges of computational efficiency and realism. The polygon-based method, as the mainstream CGH algorithm, has been widely studied and improved over the past 20 years. However, few comprehensive and high-speed methods have been proposed. In this study, we propose an analytical spectrum method based on the principle of spectral energy concentration, which can achieve a speedup of nearly 30 times and generate highresolution(8K) holograms with low memory requirements. Based on the Phong illumination model and the subtriangles method, we propose a shading rendering algorithm to achieve a very smooth and realistic reconstruction with only a small increase in computational effort. Benefiting from the idea of triangular subdivision and octree structures, the proposed original occlusion culling scheme can closely crop the overlapping areas with almost no additional overhead, thus rendering a 3D parallax sense. With this, we built a comprehensive high-speed rendering pipeline of polygon-based holograms capable of computing any complex 3D object. Numerical and optical reconstructions confirmed the generalizability of the pipeline.

关键词： rendering polygon computer

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The state-of-the-art in computer generated holography for 3D display

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Light(Advanced Manufacturing) 2022年第3期3卷 168-196页

作者： David Blinder Tobias Birnbaum tomoyoshi Ito tomoyoshi Shimobaba Department of Electronics and Informatics(ETRO) Vrije Universiteit Brussel(VUB)Pleinlaan 2B-1050 BrusselBelgium IMEC Kapeldreef 75B-3001 LeuvenBelgium Graduate School of Engineering Chiba University1-33 Yayoi-choInage-kuChibaChibaJapan

Holographic displays have the promise to be the ultimate 3D display technology,able to account for all visual cues.Recent advances in photonics and electronics gave rise to high-resolution holographic display prototypes,indicating that they may become widely available in the near future.One major challenge in driving those display systems is computational:computer generated holography(CGH)consists of numerically simulating diffraction,which is very computationally intensive.Our goal in this paper is to give a broad overview of the state-of-the-art in CGH.We make a classification of modern CGH algorithms,we describe different algorithmic CGH acceleration techniques,discuss the latest dedicated hardware solutions and indicate how to evaluate the perceptual quality of CGH.We summarize our findings,discuss remaining challenges and make projections on the future of CGH.

关键词： Digital holography Holographic display Computer generated holography High-performance computing FPGA Deep learning Visual quality assessment

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Increased depth of focus in random-phase-free holographic projection

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Chinese Optics Letters 2016年第12期14卷 55-59页

作者： Michal Makowski tomoyoshi Shimobaba tomoyoshi Ito Warsaw University of Technology Faculty of Physics Graduate School of Engineering Chiba University

The recently proposed random-phase-free method enables holographic reconstructions with very low noise,which allows fine projections without time integration of sub-holograms. Here, we describe the additional advantage of this method, namely, the extended depth of sharp imaging. It can be attributed to a lower effective aperture of the hologram section forming a given image point at the projection screen. We experimentally compare the depth of focus and imaging resolution for various defocusing parameters in the cases of the random-phase method and the random-phase-free method. Moreover, we discuss the influence of the effective aperture in the presence of local obstacles in the hologram＇s plane.

关键词： projection holographic aperture obstacles pixel sharp camera attributed convergent shadow

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A Path to Peace Amid Global Uncertainty

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北京周报:英文版 2023年第32期66卷 26-27页

作者： Kimura tomoyoshi Japan's public broadcaster NHK

In recent years,China has brought fortha slew of ideas and initiatives that canbe seen as"public goods"for the world and is striving for their fulfillment.This isvery similar to the role the country playedin the Bandung Conference in 1955,when itpromoted cooperation among newly indepen-dent countries that pursued a policy of non-alignment,thus helping forge a new postwarglobal landscape.

关键词： Peace policy alignment

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Real-time gradation-expressible amplitude-modulationtype electroholography based on binary-weighted computer-generated hologram

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Chinese Optics Letters 2021年第11期19卷 8-15页

作者： Ren Noguchi Kohei Suzuki Yoshiki Moriguchi Minoru Oikawa Yuichiro Mori Takashi Kakue tomoyoshi Shimobaba tomoyoshi Ito Naoki Takada Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences Kochi UniversityKochi 780-8520Japan Research and Education Faculty Kochi UniversityKochi 780-8520Japan Graduate School of Engineering Chiba UniversityChiba 263-8522Japan

In amplitude-modulation-type electroholography, the binary-weighted computer-generated hologram(BW-CGH) facilitates the gradation-expressible reconstruction of three-dimensional(3 D) objects. To realize real-time gradation-expressible electroholography, we propose an efficient and high-speed method for calculating bit planes consisting of BW-CGHs. The proposed method is implemented on a multiple graphics processing unit(GPU) cluster system comprising 13 GPUs. The proposed BW-CGH method realizes eight-gradation-expressible electroholography at approximately the same calculation speed as that of conventional electroholography based on binary computer-generated holograms. Consequently, we were able to successfully reconstruct a real-time electroholographic 3 D video comprising approximately 180,000 points expressed in eight gradations at 30 frames per second.

关键词： gradation-expressible electroholography binary-weighted computer-generated hologram digital micromirror device computer-generated hologram

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High-speed playback of spatiotemporal division multiplexing holographic 3D video stored in a solid-state drive using a digital micromirror device

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Chinese Optics Letters 2021年第9期19卷 121-126页

作者： Kohei Suzuki Minori Tao Yuki Maeda Hirotaka Nakayama Ren Noguchi Minoru Oikawa Yuichiro Mori Takashi Kakue tomoyoshi Shimobaba tomoyoshi Ito Naoki Takada Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences Kochi UniversityKochi 780-8520Japan Faculty of Science Kochi UniversityKochi 780-8520Japan National Astronomical Observatory of Japan Tokyo 181-8588Japan Research and Education Faculty Kochi UniversityKochi 780-8520Japan Graduate School of Engineering Chiba UniversityChiba 263-8522Japan

We propose a high-speed playback method for the spatiotemporal division multiplexing electroholographic three-dimensional(3D)video stored in a solid-state drive(SSD)using a digital micromirror device.The spatiotemporal division multiplexing electroholography prevents deterioration in the reconstructed 3D video from a 3D object comprising many object points.In the proposed method,the stored data is remarkably reduced using the packing technique,and the computer-generated holograms are played back at high speed.Consequently,we successfully reconstructed a clear 3D video of a 3D object comprising approximately 1,100,000 points at 60 frames per second by reducing the reading time of the stored data from an SSD.

关键词： spatiotemporal division multiplexing electroholography digital micromirror device computer-generated hologram high-speed playback

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Color representation method using RGB color binary-weighted computer-generated holograms

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Chinese Optics Letters 2018年第8期16卷 25-29页

作者： Masato Fujiwara Naoki Takada Hiromitsu Araki Shohei Ikawa Yuki Maeda Hiroaki Niwase Minoru Oikawa Takashi Kakue tomoyoshi Shimobaba tomoyoshi Ito Graduate School of Integrrated Arts and Sciences Kochi UniversityKochi 780-8520Japan Science Department Natural Sciences ClusterResearch and Education FacultyKochi UniversityKochi 780-8520Japan Faculty of Science Kochi UniversityKochi 780-8520Japan Graduate School of Engineering Chiba UniversityChiba 263-8522Japan

We propose a method for color electroholography using a simple red-green-blue （RGB） gradation representa- tion method without controlling the respective brightness of tile reference RGB-colored lights. The proposed method uses RGB multiple bit planes comprising RGB binary-weighted computer-generated holograms with various light transmittanees. The object points of a given three-dimensional （3D） object are assigned to RGB nmltiple bit planes according to their RGB gradation levels. The RGB multiple bit planes are sequentially displayed in a tim-division-multiplexe- manner. Consequently, the proposed method yields a color gradation representation of a reconstructed 3D object.

关键词： RGB Color representation method using RGB color binary-weighted computer-generated holograms CGH

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Gradation representation method using a binary-weighted computer-generated hologram based on pulse-width modulation

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Chinese Optics Letters 2017年第6期15卷 46-49页

作者： Masato Fujiwara Naoki Takada Hiromitsu Araki Chun Wei Ooi Shohei Ikawa Yuki Maeda Hiroaki Niwase Takashi Kakue tomoyoshi Shimobaba tomoyoshi Ito Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences Kochi University Kochi 780-8520 Japan Science Department Natural Sciences Cluster Research and Education Faculty Kochi University Kochi 780-8520 Japan Faculty of Science Kochi University Kochi 780-8520 Japan Graduate School of Engineering Chiba University Chiba 263-8522 Japan

We propose a simple gradation representation method using a binary-weighted computer-generated hologram（CGH） to be displayed on a high-speed spatial light modulator that can be controlled by the pulse-width modulation technique. The proposed method uses multiple bit planes comprising binary-weighted CGHs with various pulse widths. The object points of a three-dimensional（3D） object are assigned to multiple bit planes according to their gray levels. The bit planes are sequentially displayed in a time-division-multiplexed manner.Consequently, the proposed method realizes a gradation representation of a reconstructed 3D object.

关键词： reconstructed displayed gradation modulator sequentially colors manner assigned camera calculating

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