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Molecular processes in iron and zinc homeostasis and their modulation for biofortification in rice

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2018年第12期60卷 1181-1198页

作者： Yuta kawakami Navreet K.Bhullar Plant Biotechnology Department of Biology ETH Zurich

More than a billion people suffer from iron or zinc deficiencies globally. Rice(Oryza sativa L.) iron and zinc biofortification; i.e., intrinsic iron and zinc enrichment of rice grains, is considered the most effective way to tackle these deficiencies. However, rice iron biofortification, by means of conventional breeding, proves difficult due to lack of sufficient genetic variation. Meanwhile,genetic engineering has led to a significant increase in the iron concentration along with zinc concentration in rice grains. The design of impactful genetic engineering biofortification strategies relies upon vast scientific knowledge of precise functions of different genes involved in iron and zinc uptake, translocation and storage. In this review, we present an overview of molecular processes controlling iron and zinc homeostasis in rice. Further,the genetic engineering approaches adopted so far to increase the iron and zinc concentrations in polished rice grains are discussed in detail, highlighting the limitations and/or success of individual strategies. Recent insight suggests that a few genetic engineering strategies are commonly utilized for elevating iron and zinc concentrations in different genetic backgrounds, and thus, it is of great importance to accumulate scientific evidence for diverse genetic engineering strategies to expand the pool of options for biofortifying farmer-preferred cultivars.

关键词： Molecular processes in iron and zinc homeostasis and their modulation for biofortification in rice Zn

Do not curse the darkness of the spinal cord,light TDP-43

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第5期16卷 986-987页

作者： Kazuhide Asakawa Hiroshi Handa Koichi kawakami Department of Chemical Biology Tokyo Medical UniversityTokyoJapan Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology National Institute of GeneticsDepartment of GeneticsGraduate University for Advanced Studies(SOKENDAI)ShizuokaJapan

Cytoplasmic inc lus ions containing the transactivation response element(TAR)DNAbinding protein-43(TDP-43)aggregates are hallmarks of neurodegenerative disorders,such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)and frontotemporal dementia(Arai et al.,2006;Neumann et al.,2006).Despite the well-recognized correlation between TDP-43 aggregation and neuronal degeneration,whether this relationship is causal has remained unclear.

关键词： al. degeneration TDP

Design of Electro-Functional Polymeric Systems with Siloxane Components

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复旦学报（自然科学版） 2005年第5期44卷 635-636页

作者： Yusuke kawakami Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST) Asahidai 1-1 Nomi Ishikawa 923-1292Japan

Siloxane derivatives have many unique static and dynamic properties like low surface free energy, incompatibility with other component, and bond flexibility. Various functional polymeric systems were designed by takin... 详细信息

关键词：聚合体热稳定性全息术硅氧烷浓缩工艺

Gas Permeation Properties of Organic-inorganic Ultrathin Membranes

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复旦学报（自然科学版） 2005年第5期44卷 740-741页

作者： H. kawakami Department of Applied Chemistry Tokyo Metropolitan University Hachioji Tokyo 192-0397 Japan

Recently, a great interest has been noted in the synthesis of inorganic membranes for gas separation. One of the candidates is a carbon molecular sieve (CMS) membrane, which is synthesized by the pyrolysis of a polymer. However, CMS membranes are very brittle and fragile. Additionally, it requires more careful handling and it is very difficult to prepare a thin CMS membrane because of its poor mechanical property. Therefore, the gas permeances of CMS membranes were not very high.

关键词：气体渗入有机隔膜无机隔膜气体分离合成方法分子结构

Synthesis and Thermal Property of the Poly(silpheny-lenesiloxane)s with Functional Groups

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复旦学报（自然科学版） 2005年第5期44卷 798-799页

作者： Y. kawakami Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST) 1-1 Asahidai Nomi Ishikawa 923-1292 Japan

Silicon-containing polymers have been intensively studied in the past half-century, and a great number of papers, patents and books have been published on the synthesis, properties and applications. Silicon-containing polymers, especially polymers containing silicon atoms in the backbone, including some major species as polysiloxane, polysilane, polysilazane, etc. have chains constructed of alternately arranged silicon and oxygen atoms with organic groups attached to the silicon atoms, which are the most important silicon-containing polymers so far.

关键词：聚乙烯热性质功能组氢化硅烷化

A modified normalized input-output minimization (Mod-NIOM) method for seismic wave propagation modeling

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2010年第4期9卷 481-491页

作者： Santa Man Shrestha Hideji kawakami Eric Augustus Tingatinga Hidenori Mogi Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Saitama University Geosphere Research Institute Saitama University Institute of Civil Engineering University of the Philippines Diliman

A new method for wave propagation modeling is introduced in this paper. By using the constraint optimization （Lagrange multiplier） method, the sum of weighted squared Fourier amplitudes is minimized when subjected to a constraint. The sum of the maximum amplitudes obtained from all output models is normalized to unity and is taken as a constraint. In this method, all the actual time histories are considered as outputs and dealt with equally. Independently of the combinations of time histories （or the first time history selected） during the analysis, the method captures the relationship of actual time histories by showing clear peaks. This paper describes the formulation of the models and illustrates the advantage of this method over the normalized input-output minimization （NIOM） method. The Mod-NIOM is then used to analyze the time histories of the Hyogoken-nanbu earthquake recorded at the Port Island vertical array site in Kobe, which suffered from liquefaction caused by the strong motions during the main shock. This method showed good correlations between the observed time histories at the site even though the surface time history was greatly modified by the liquefaction.

关键词： wave propagation constraint optimization S-wave velocity liquefaction amplification vertical array Hyogoken-nanbu earthquake

Improvement of solidification model and analysis of 3D channel blockage with MPS method

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Frontiers in Energy 2021年第4期15卷 946-958页

作者： Reo kawakami Xin LI Guangtao DUAN Akifumi YAMAJI Isamu SATO Tohru SUZUKI Cooperative Major in Nuclear Energy Graduate School and Advanced Science and EngineeringFaculty of Science and EngineeringWaseda University3-4-1 OkuboShinjuku-kuTokyo169-8555Japan Department of Nuclear Engineering and Management The University of Tokyo7-3-1 HongoBunkyo-kuTokyo113-8656Japan Department of Nuclear Safety Engineering Faculty of EngineeringTokyo City University1-28-1 TamazutsumiSetagaya-kuTokyo158-0087Japan

In a severe accident of a nuclear power reactor,coolant channel blockage by solidified molten core debris may significantly influence the core degradations that *** moving particle semi-implicit(MPS)method is one of the Lagrangian-based particle methods for analyzing incompressible *** the study described in this paper,a novel solidification model for analyzing melt flowing channel blockage with the MPS method has been developed,which is suitable to attain a sufficient numerical accuracy with a reasonable calculation *** prompt velocity diffusion by viscosity is prioritized over the prompt velocity correction by the pressure term(for assuring incompressibility)within each time step over the“mushy zone”(between the solidus and liquidus temperature)for accurate modeling of solidification before fixing the coordinates of the completely solidified *** sustain the numerical accuracy and stability,the corrective matrix and particle shifting techniques have been applied to correct the discretization errors from irregular particle arrangements and to recover the regular particle arrangements,*** validate the newly developed algorithm,2-D benchmark analyses are conducted for steady-state freezing of the water in a laminar flow between two parallel ***,3-D channel blockage analyses of a boiling water reactor(BWR)fuel support piece have been *** results show that a partial channel blockage develops from the vicinity of the speed limiter,which does not fully develop into a complete channel blockage,but still diverts the incoming melt flow that follows to the orifice region.

关键词： boiling water reactor(BWR) severe accident channel blockage moving particle semi-implicit(MPS)method solidification*

MICROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL AT HIGH TEMPERATURE

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2004年第4期17卷 350-354页

作者： S.Imatani R.kawakami Y.Kawano Kyoto University Sakyo-Ku Kyoto 606-8501 JapanKyoto University Sakyo-Ku Kyoto 606-8501 JapanKyoto University Sakyo-Ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan

The microscopic analyses of polycrystalline material at high temperature were carried out. The crystal plasticity model proposed by Asaro and Needleman was applied to a polycrystal model in the finite element simulation and the crystal slip system was randomly provided for each crystal. The grain boundary sliding, which was characteristic at high temperature, was also taken into account. It was shown that the inhomo-geneous deformation develops over the polycrystal and that the strain concentration appears around the triple point of crystal grain boundary.

关键词： crystal plasticity finite element method grain boundary inho-mogeneity

Fatigue properties of rolled AZ31B magnesium alloy plate

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2010年第B07期20卷 523-526页

作者： S.MORITA N.OHNO F.TAMAI Y.kawakami Faculty of Science and Engineering Saga University Material and Environment Department Industrial Technology Center of Saga

Fatigue strength,crack initiation and propagation behavior of rolled AZ31B magnesium alloy plate were investigated. Axial tension-compression fatigue tests were carried out with cylindrical smooth *** types of specimens were machined with the loading axis parallel(L-specimen)and perpendicular(T-specimen)to rolling *** compressive 0.2%proof stress,tensile strength and tensile elongation were similar for both *** the other hand,monotonic tensile 0.2%proof stress of the L-specimen was slightly higher than that of the ***,monotonic compressive 0.2%proof stresses were lower than tensile ones for both *** fatigue strengths of 107cycles of the L-and T-specimens were 95 and 85 MPa,respectively. Compared with the monotonic compressive 0.2%proof stresses,the fatigue strengths were higher for both *** other words, the fatigue crack did not initiate and propagate even though deformation twins were formed in compressive stress under the cyclic tension-compression *** fatigue crack initiated at early stage of the fatigue life in low cycle regime regardless of specimen *** crack growth rate of the L-specimen was slightly lower than of the ***,the fatigue lives of the L-specimen were longer than those of the T-specimen in low cycle regime.

关键词： magnesium alloy compressive proof stress fatigue strength crack initiation crack propagation