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Food Bioscience 2022年第4期48卷 81-86页

作者： Miwa Takatsuka Satoru Goto Kenshiro kobayashi Yuta Otsuka Yohsuke Shimada Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tokyo University of Science2641 YamazakiNodaChiba278-8510Japan PFF Co. Ltd4-3-9 Konandai Konan-kuYokohamaKanagawa234-0054Japan

Background:Among the antioxidant reactions,no correlation(R_(2)=0.5468)has been observed between the logarithm of the reciprocal of EC50 obtained by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)and 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid(ABTS)assays,which can measure single electron transfer ***,we attempted to investigate the radical scavenging reaction of each antioxidant in the DPPH and ABTS assays by using electron spin resonance(ESR),and to study an analytical method that can eliminate other than that ***:Singular value decomposition(SVD)of the spectra that were obtained by ESR measurements was used to separate the components and to determine the detailed changes of each *** calculated the EC50 from the changes in the spectra of the first and second components owing to the change in the antioxidant concentration in the DPPH and ABTS assays to identify which component contributed more to the radical scavenging *** results demonstrated a positive correlation(R2=0.8806)between the EC50s of the first component of each of the DPPH and ABTS *** this study,common spectral changes were observed for all compounds with radical scavenging activity,so the first component was considered to be radical scavenging ***:Through this study,we could calculate the EC50 that significantly contributed to the radical scavenging reaction by decomposing the spectra that were obtained from ESR measurements of the reactions by the DPPH and ABTS assays into specific values.

关键词： Anti-radical activity Antioxidant DPPH assay ABTS assay ESR SVD

Multi-modal Gesture Recognition using Integrated Model of Motion, Audio and Video

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2015年第4期28卷 657-665页

作者： GOUTSU Yusuke kobayashi Takaki OBARA Junya KUSAJIMA Ikuo TAKEICHI Kazunari TAKANO Wataru NAKAMURA Yoshihiko Department of Mechano-Informatics School of Information Science and TechnologyUniversity of Tokyo7-3-1 HongoBunkyo-kuTokyoJapan

Gesture recognition is used in many practical applications such as human-robot interaction, medical rehabilitation and sign language. With increasing motion sensor development, multiple data sources have become available, which leads to the rise of multi-modal gesture recognition. Since our previous approach to gesture recognition depends on a unimodal system, it is difficult to classify similar motion patterns. In order to solve this problem, a novel approach which integrates motion, audio and video models is proposed by using dataset captured by Kinect. The proposed system can recognize observed gestures by using three models. Recognition results of three models are integrated by using the proposed framework and the output becomes the final result. The motion and audio models are learned by using Hidden Markov Model. Random Forest which is the video classifier is used to learn the video model. In the experiments to test the performances of the proposed system, the motion and audio models most suitable for gesture recognition are chosen by varying feature vectors and learning methods. Additionally, the unimodal and multi-modal models are compared with respect to recognition accuracy. All the experiments are conducted on dataset provided by the competition organizer of MMGRC, which is a workshop for Multi-Modal Gesture Recognition Challenge. The comparison results show that the multi-modal model composed of three models scores the highest recognition rate. This improvement of recognition accuracy means that the complementary relationship among three models improves the accuracy of gesture recognition. The proposed system provides the application technology to understand human actions of daily life more precisely.

关键词： gesture recognition multi-modal integration hidden Markov model random forests

A New Spirostanol Saponin from Dioscorea futshauensis

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2001年第7期12卷 613-616页

作者： Hong Wei LIU Hisayoshi kobayashi Ge Xia QU Xin Sheng YAO Department of Natural Products Chemistry Shenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyang 110015 Institute of Molecular&Cellular Biosciences The University of TokyoTokyoJapan 113

A new spirostanol saponin presenting strong activity of inducing morphological deformation of Pyricularia oryzae mycelia was isolated from Dioscorea futshauensis R. Kunth by bioactivity-guided fractionation. The structure was established as (25S)-spirost-5-en-3 beta, 27-diol-3-O- [alpha -L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 -->2)-beta -D glucopyranosyl (1 -->3)]-beta -D-glucopyranoside on the basis of chemical evidences and spectral analysis, especially by 2D-NMR techniques.

关键词： New spirostanol glycoside Dioscorea futshauensis Pyricularia oryzae

Interplay between epidermal stem cell dynamics and dermal deformation

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npj Computational Materials 2018年第1期4卷 280-288页

作者： Yasuaki kobayashi Yusuke Yasugahira Hiroyuki Kitahata Mika Watanabe Ken Natsuga Masaharu Nagayama Center for Simulation Sciences Ochanomizu UniversityTokyo 112-8620Japan Graduate School of Science Hokkaido UniversitySapporo 060-0810Japan Department of Physics Chiba UniversityChiba 263-8502Japan Department of Dermatology Graduate School of MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporo 060-8638Japan Research Institute for Electronic Science Hokkaido UniversitySapporo 060-0812Japan

Tissue growth is a driving force of morphological changes in living *** the buckling instability is known to play a crutial role for initiating spatial pattern formations in such growing systems,little is known about the rationale for succeeding morphological changes beyond this *** mammalian skin,the dermis has many protrusions toward the epidermis,and the epidermal stem cells are typically found on the tips of these *** the initial instability may well be explained by the buckling involving the dermis and the basal layer,which contains proliferative cells,it does not dictate the direction of these protrusions,nor the spatial patterning of epidermal stem *** we introduce a particle-based model of self-replicating cells on a deformable substrate composed of the dermis and the basement membrane,and investigate the relationship between dermal deformation and epidermal stem cell pattering on *** show that our model reproduces the formation of dermal protrusions directing from the dermis to the epidermis,and preferential epidermal stem cell distributions on the tips of the dermal protrusions,which the basic buckling mechanism fails to *** argue that cell-type-dependent adhesion strengths of the cells to the basement membrane are crucial factors influencing these patterns.

关键词： buckling rational initiating

Excited state calculations using variational quantum eigensolver with spin-restricted ansätze and automatically-adjusted constraints

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 2204-2212页

作者： Shigeki Gocho Hajime Nakamura Shu Kanno Qi Gao Takao kobayashi Taichi Inagaki Miho Hatanaka School of Fundamental Science and Technology Faculty of Science and TechnologyKeio UniversityYokohama 223-8522Japan Quantum Computing Center Keio UniversityYokohama 223-8522Japan IBM Quantum–IBM Research Tokyo Tokyo 103-8510Japan Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation Science&Innovation CenterYokohama 227-8502Japan

The ground and excited state calculations at key geometries, such as the Frank–Condon (FC) and the conical intersection (CI)geometries, are essential for understanding photophysical properties. To compute these geometries on noisy intermediate-scalequantum devices, we proposed a strategy that combined a chemistry-inspired spin-restricted ansatz and a new excited statecalculation method called the variational quantum eigensolver under automatically-adjusted constraints (VQE/AC). Unlike theconventional excited state calculation method, called the variational quantum deflation, the VQE/AC does not require the pre-determination of constraint weights and has the potential to describe smooth potential energy surfaces. To validate this strategy,we performed the excited state calculations at the FC and CI geometries of ethylene and phenol blue at the complete active spaceself-consistent field (CASSCF) level of theory, and found that the energy errors were at most 2 kcal mol−1 even on the ibm_kawasakidevice.

关键词： properties quantum variational

纤维素催化转化为高附加值化学品的研究进展(英文)

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催化学报 2011年第5期32卷 716-722页

作者： Hirokazu kobayashi Atsushi FUKUOKA Catalysis Research Center Hokkaido University

Currently,under huge pressure from energy demands and environmental problems,much attention is being paid to biomass conversion,which will play an important role in meeting the requirements for a sustainable *** the most abundant biomass on earth, cellulose is usually used as the first research target for biomass *** this review,the recalcitrant structure of cellulose is discussed and non-catalytic hydrolysis by hot-compressed water and catalytic hydrolysis using solid acids are then *** also review the catalytic conversion of cellulose into valuable chemicals including hexitols(sorbitol and mannitol),ethylene glycol,and related compounds using various heterogeneous catalysts.

关键词： biomass cellulose heterogeneous catalyst glucose sorbitol hot-compressed water hydrolysis hydrogenation

A rice mutant displaying a heterochronically elongated internode carries a 100 kb deletion

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2011年第3期38卷 123-128页

作者： Mika Hayashi-Tsugane Masahiko Maekawa Qian Qian Hirokazu kobayashi Shigeru Iida Kazuo Tsugane National Institute for Basic Biology Okazaki 444-8585 Japan Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences University of Shizuoka Shizuoka 422-8526 Japan Institute of Plant Science and Resources Okayama University Kurashiki 710-0046 Japan Global Center of Excellence Program University of Shizuoka Shizuoka 422-8526 Japan Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Shizuoka Shizuoka 422-8526 Japan The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (Sokendai) Okazaki 444-8585 Japan

We have isolated a recessive rice mutant, designated as indeterminate growth （ing）, which displays creeping and apparent heterochronic phenotypes in the vegetative period with lanky and winding culms. Rough mapping and subsequent molecular characterization revealed that the ing mutant carries a large deletion, which corresponds to a 103 kb region in the Nipponbare genome, containing nine annotated genes on chromosome 3. Of these annotated genes, the SLR1 gene encoding a DELLA protein is the only one that is well characterized in its function, and its null mutation, which is caused by a single base deletion in the middle of the intronless SLR1 gene, confers a slender phenotype that bears close resemblance to the ing mutant phenotype. The primary cause of the ing mutant phenotype is the deletion of the SLR1 gene, and the ing mutant appears to be the first characterized mutant having the entire SLR1 sequence deleted. Our results also suggest that the deleted region of 103 kb does not contain an indispensable gene, whose dysfunction must result in a lethal phenotype.

关键词： Heterochronic Elongated intemode Large deletion Map-based cloning Rice genome

Modeling three-dimensional forest structures to drive canopy radiative transfer simulations of bidirectional reflectance factor

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2018年第10期11卷 981-1000页

作者： Wei Yang Hideki kobayashi Xuehong Chen Kenlo Nishida Nasahara Rikie Suzuki Akihiko Kondoh Center for Environmental Remote Sensing Chiba UniversityChibaJapan Department of Environmental Geochemical Cycle Research Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and TechnologyYokohamaJapan State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal UniversityBeijingPeople’s Republic of China Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences University of TsukubaTsukubaJapan

Three-dimensional(3-D)Monte Carlo-based radiative transfer(MCRT)models are usually used for benchmarking in intercomparisons of the canopy radiative transfer(RT)***,the 3-D MCRT models are rarely applied to develop remote sensing algorithms to estimate essential climate variables of forests,due mainly to the difficulties in obtaining realistic stand structures for different forest biomes over regional to global ***,some of important tree structure parameters such as canopy height and tree density distribution have been available *** enables to run the intermediate complexities of the 3-D MCRT *** consequently developed a statistical approach to generate forest structures with intermediate complexities depending on the inputs of canopy height and tree *** aims at facilitating applications of the 3-D MCRT models to develop remote sensing retrieval *** proposed approach was evaluated using field measurements of two boreal forest stands at Estonia and USA,*** demonstrated that the simulations of bidirectional reflectance factor(BRF)based on the measured forest structures agreed well with the BRF based on the generated structures from the proposed approach with the root mean square error(RMSE)and relative RMSE(rRMSE)ranging from 0.002 to 0.006 and from 0.7%to 19.8%,*** of the computed BRF with corresponding MODIS reflectance data yielded RMSE and rRMSE lower than 0.03 and 20%,*** the results from the current study are limited in two boreal forest stands,our approach has the potential to generate stand structures for different forest biomes.

关键词： Bidirectional reflectance factor remote sensing forest structure radiative transfer model

SEM Observation of the Wing Membrane of Beipiaopterus chenianus (Pterosauria)

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2005年第6期79卷 766-769页

作者： LU Junchang kobayashi Yoshitsugu YUAN Chongxi JI Shu＇an JI Qiang Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 China Hokkaido University Museum Hokkaido UniversityN10 W8 Kita Ku Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan

The cross-section and surface structures of wing membranes from the ctenochasmatid pterosaur Beipiaopterus chenianus were observed through a scanning electron microscope （SEM）. The results show that the wing membrane contains a high density of blood vessels, implying strong thermoregulatory function, similar to that of a bat wing membrane. This is the first comparison of the microstmctures of pterosaur wing membranes with those of the modem bat. It is inferred that a bat-like physiology exists, at least in relatively small pterosaurs suggesting that these pterosaurs were warm-blooded, active fliers.

关键词： Beipiaopterus wing membrane microstructures SEM

Hemoperfusion with polymyxin B-immobilized fiber column improves liver function after ischemia-reperfusion injury

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第36期15卷 4571-4575页

作者： Hiroaki Sato Kiyohiro Oshima Katsumi kobayashi Hodaka Yamazaki Yujin Suto Izumi Takeyoshi Department of Thoracic and Visceral Organ Surgery Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine3-39-15 Showa-machiMaebashiGunma 371-8511 Japan Intensive Care Unit Gunma University Hospital3-39-15 Showa-machiMaebashiGunma 371-8511 Japan

AIM： To investigate the usefulness of direct hemoperfusion with a polymyxin B-immobilized fiber column （DHP-PMX therapy） for warm hepatic ischemia-reperfusion （I/R） injury after total hepatic vascular exclusion （THVE） using a porcine model. METHODS： Eleven Mexican hairless pigs weighing 22-38 kg were subjected to THVE for 120 min and then observed for 360 min. The animals were divided into two groups randomly： the DHP-PMX group （n = 5） underwent DHP-PMX at a flow rate of 80 mL/min for 220 min （beginning 10 rain before reperfusion）, while the control group did not （n = 6）. The rate pressure product （RPP）： heart rate x end-systolic arterial blood pressure, hepatic tissue blood flow （HTBF）, portal vein blood flow （PVBF）, and serum aspartate aminotransferase （AST） levels were compared between the two groups. RESULTS： RPP and HTBF were significantly （P 〈 0.05） higher in the DHP-PMX group than in the control group 240 and 360 min after reperfusion. PVBF in the DHP-PMX group was maintained at about 70% of the flow before ischemia and differed significantly （P 〈 0.05） compared to the control group 360 min after reperfusion. The serum AST increased gradually after reperfusion in both groups, but the AST was significantly （P 〈 0.05） lower in the DHP-PMX group 360 min after reperfusion. CONCLUSION： DHP-PMX therapy reduced the hepatic warm I/R injury caused by THVE in a porcine model.

关键词： Ischemia-reperfusion injury Total hepaticvascular exclusion Polymyxin B-immobilized fiber column