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Diurnal and seasonal variations in light-use efficiency in an alpine meadow ecosystem:causes and implications for remote sensing

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2009年第4期2卷 173-185页

作者： Jin Chen Miaogen Shen tomomichi Kato State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency ManagementBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Biological Environment Division National Institute for Environmental Studies16-2 OnogawaTsukubaIbaraki 305-8506Japan Research Institute for Global Change Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and TechnologyYokohamaKanagawa 236-0001Japan

Aims Light-use efficiency(LUE)is an important tool for scaling up local CO_(2)flux(F_(CO_(2)))tower observations to regional and global carbon *** a data set including F_(CO_(2))and environmental factors obtained from an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau,we examined both diurnal and seasonal changes in LUE and the environmental factors controlling these *** objectives were to(i)characterize the diurnal and daily variability of LUE in an alpine meadow,(ii)clarify the causes of this variability,and(iii)explore the possibility of applying the LUE approach to this alpine meadow by examining the relationship between daily LUE and hourly LUE at satellite visiting *** First,we obtained the LUE—the ratio of the gross primary production(GPP)to the absorbed photosynthetically active radiation(APAR)—from the flux tower and meteorological *** then characterized the patterns of diurnal and seasonal changes in LUE,explored the environmental controls on LUE using univariate regression analyses and evaluated the effects of diffuse radiation on LUE by assigning weights through a linear programming method to beam photosynthetically active radiation(PAR)and diffuse PAR,which were separated from meteorological observations using an existing ***,we examined the relationships between noontime hourly LUE and daily LUE and those between adjusted noontime hourly and daily LUE because satellites visit the site only once or twice a day,near *** Findings The results showed that(i)the LUE of the alpine meadow generally followed the diurnal and seasonal patterns of solar radiation but fluctuated with changes in cloud cover.(ii)The fraction of diffuse light played a dominant role in LUE *** minimum temperature and vapor pressure deficit also affected LUE variation.(iii)The adjusted APAR,defined as the weighted linear sum of diffuse APAR and beam APAR,was linearly correlated with GPP on different temporal scales.(iv)Midd

关键词： light-use efficiency alpine meadow net ecosystem exchange Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Method to measure tree-ring width,density,elemental composition,and stable carbon and oxygen isotopes using one sample

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第3期35卷 167-174页

作者： Chenxi Xu Yaru Zhao Wenling An Qingyu Zhao Yucheng Liu Masaki Sano Takeshi nakatsuka Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029People's Republic of China CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment Beijing 100044People's Republic of China College of Earth Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049People's Republic of China Graduate School of Environment Studies Nagoya UniversityNagoya 4648601Japan

Tree-ring width(RW),density,elemental com-position,and stable carbon and oxygen isotope(δ^(13)C,δ^(18)O)are widely used as proxies to assess climate change,ecology,and environmental pollution;however,a specific pretreat-ment has been needed for each ***,we developed a method by which each proxy can be measured in the same ***,the sample is polished for ring width *** obtaining the ring width data,the sample is cut to form a 1-mm-thick wood *** sample is then mounted in a vertical sample holder,and gradually scanned by an X-ray ***,the count rates of the fluorescent photons of elements(for chemical characteriza-tion)and a radiographic grayscale image(for wood density)are obtained,*** density and the element content are ***,cellulose is isolated from the 1-mm wood plate by removal of lignin,and *** producing this cellulose plate,cellulose subsamples are separated by knife under the microscope for inter-annual and intra-annual stable carbon and oxygen isotope(δ^(13)C,δ^(18)O)*** on this method,RW,density,elemental composition,δ^(13)C,and δ^(18)O can be measured from the same sample,which reduces sample amount and treatment time,and is helpful for multi-proxy comparison and combination research.

关键词： Tree-ring width Tree-ring density Tree-ring elemental composition Tree-ring stable carbon and oxygenisotopes

Ribavirin contributes to eradicate hepatitis C virus through polarization of T helper 1/2 cell balance into T helper 1 dominance

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第25期7卷 2590-2596页

作者： Katsuhisa nakatsuka Masanori Atsukawa Masumi Shimizu Hidemi Takahashi Chiaki Kawamoto Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineNippon Medical School Microbiology and Immunology Nippon Medical School

The mechanism of action of ribavirin(RBV) as an immunomodulatory and antiviral agent and its clinical significance in the future treatment of patients with hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection are *** up-regulates type 1 and/or 2 cytokines to modulate the T helper(Th) 1/2 cell balance to Th1 *** of co-stimulatory signaling indicated that RBV down-modulates inducible co-stimulator on Th cells,which contributes to differentiating na?ve Th cells into Th2 cells while reducing their interleukin-10 *** effects on T-regulatory(Treg) cells were also investigated,and RBV inhibited the differentiation of na?ve Th cells into adaptive Treg cells by downmodulating forkhead *** findings indicate that RBV mainly down-regulates the activity of Th2 cells,resulting in the maintenance of Th1 activity that contributes to abrogating HCV-infected *** an interferon-free treatment regimen exhibits almost the same efficacy without serious complications,regimens with RBV will be still be used because of their ability to facilitate the cellular immune response,which may contribute to reducing the development of hepatocellular carcinogenesis in patients infected with HCV.

关键词： Ribavirin Forkhead box-P3 T helper 1/2cell balance T-regulatory lymphocytes Inducible costimulator Interleukin-10 Hepatitis C virus infection

Urban-Rural Comparison of HBV and HCV Infection Prevalence in Eastern China

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2000年第4期13卷 243-253页

作者： QU JIANG-BIN ZHANG ZUO-WEN SHINICHIRO SHIMBO TAKAO WATANABE HARUO nakatsuka NAOKO MATSUDA-INOGUCHI KAE HIGASHIKAWA MASAYUKI IKEDA Department of Hygiene Faculty of Public HealthShandong Medical UniversityJinan 250012Shandong ProvinceChina Department of Food and Nutrition Kyoto Women’s UniversityKyoto 605-8501Japan Miyagi University of Education Senda 980-0845Japan Miyagi University Taiwa-cho 981-3298Japan Kyoto Industrial Health Association Kyoto 604-8472Japan

The present study was initiated to make an urban rural comparison of the prevalence of cases positive to hepatitis B and C virus (HBV and HCV, respectively) infection markers in densely populated eastern half of China. For this purpose, 10 survey sites were selected, i.e., six sites in urban areas (the city group; Beijing, Shanghai and four provincial capitals) and four sites in rural areas (the village group ; one village each in Jilin and Shandong Provinces, and two villages in Shaanxi Province). About 50 adult women per site volunteered to participate, from whom 494 valid blood samples were collected. Positivities to HBsAg (HBsAg +), anti HBs (anti HBs +) and anti HBc (anti HBc +) were examined by RIA methods, and that to anti HCV (anti HCV +) by either EIA or RIA. Those positive to any one of the three HBV infection markers were taken as HBV infection positive (HBV +). The prevalence of HBsAg +, HBV + and anti HBc + was 8%, 70% and 2.7% in the city group, and 8%, 65% and 2.0% in the village group, and no significant difference was found between the two groups. The overall prevalence was 8% for HBsAg +, 68% for HBV +, and 2.4% for anti HCV +. The results were discussed in reference to some 20 papers each on HBV + and anti HCV + prevalence in China published since 1991. The reviewing of these papers confirmed that the prevalence of HBV was high (i.e., in excess of 50%), whereas the prevalence of anti HCV was low (well below 5%), and that no substantial difference was found between the rural and urban populations.

关键词： HCV Infection city group Shaanxi Province urban areas rural areas hepatitis B

No external load measurement strategy for micro thermoelectric generator based on high-performance Si_(1-x-y)Ge_(x)Sn_(y) film

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Journal of Materiomics 2021年第4期7卷 665-671页

作者： Ying Peng Sijing Zhu Huajun Lai Jie Gao Masashi Kurosawa Osamu nakatsuka Sakae Tanemura Biaolin Peng Lei Miao Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Material School of Material Science and EngineeringGuilin University of Electronic TechnologyGuilin541004China Department of Materials Physics Graduate School of EngineeringNagoya UniversityNagoya464-8603Japan PRESTO Japan Science and Technology Agency4-1-8HonchoKawaguchiSaitama332-0012Japan Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability Nagoya UniversityNagoya464-8601Japan Japan Fine Ceramics Center 2-4-1 MutsunoAtsuta-kuNagoya456-8587Japan Center on Nanoenergy Research Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metal and Featured MaterialsGuangxi Key Laboratory for Relativity AstrophysicsNanning530004China Department of Materials Science and Engineering SIT Research LaboratoriesInnovative Global ProgramFaculty of EngineeringShibaura Institute of TechnologyTokyo135-8548Japan

In this study,a micro in-plane p-type thermoelectric generator(TEG),which consists of thin-film Si_(1-x-y)Ge_(x)Sn_(y) ternary alloy semiconductor on insulator,is developed to make efficient use of waste heat such as human body.A power factor value as high as 1095 mWm^(-1) K^(-2) had been achieved using Bion implanted and short-term rapid thermal annealing(RTA)*** addition,a measuring scheme for micro TEG without external load resistance was *** one measuring session,multiple parameters can be *** micro single-arm TEG prepared by semiconductor process can output 0.29 nW power at a temperature difference of 15 K,and a cross-sectional power density has reached up to 0.58 mW/cm^(2),which is a superior value for wearable *** findings of this study have important reference value for wearable device performance improvement and output power measuring of micro TEG.

关键词： Si_(1-x-y)Ge_(x)Sn_(y) film P-type TEG No external load measurement Ambient power density

Fabrication of Bulk β-FeSi_2 Crystal With ThreeDimensional Alignment by an Oscillating Magnetic Field

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2012年第S1期19卷 183-186页

作者： Noriaki nakatsuka Keiji Kurokawa Tomoya Nagira Masato Yoshiya Hideyuki Yasuda Department of Adaptive Machine Systems Osaka UniversityOsaka 565-0871Japan

It has been reported that an anisotropic magnetic field could produce the three-dimensional alignment of fine single-crystal particles with the orthorhombic crystal ***,the three-dimensional alignment was achieved only in *** of bulk 'single' materials that have the three-dimensional alignment of grains has been *** study proposes a procedure for the fabrication,which consists of slip casting under an oscillating magnetic field and *** of casting and sintering conditions achieved the three-dimensionally aligned bulk β-FeSi_2.

关键词： pseudo single crystal crystallographic orientation magnetic alignment

Nomograms for colorectal cancer:A systematic review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第41期21卷 11877-11886页

作者： Kazushige Kawai Eiji Sunami Hironori Yamaguchi Soichiro Ishihara Shinsuke Kazama Hiroaki Nozawa Keisuke Hata tomomichi Kiyomatsu Junichiro Tanaka Toshiaki Tanaka Takeshi Nishikawa Joji Kitayama Toshiaki Watanabe Department of Surgical Oncology Graduate School of Medicinethe University of Tokyo

AIM: To assist in the selection of suitable nomograms for obtaining desired predictions in daily ***: We conducted electronic searches for journal articles on colorectal cancer(CRC)-associated nomograms using the search terms colon/rectal/colorectal/nomogram. Of 174 articles initially found, we retrieved 28 studies in which a nomogram for CRC was ***: We discuss the currently available CRCassociated nomograms, including those that predict the oncological prognosis, the short-term outcome of treatments, such as surgery or neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, and the future development of CRC. Developing nomograms always presents a dilemma. On the one hand, the desire to cover as wide a patient range as possible tends to produce nomograms that are too complex and yet have C-indexes that are not sufficiently high. Conversely, confining the target patients might impair the clinical applicability of constructed ***: The information provided in this review should be of use in selecting a nomogram suitable for obtaining desired predictions in daily clinical practice.

关键词： Colon Rectum Nomograms Prognosis Cancer

Protective effects of ursodeoxycholic acid on chenodeoxycholic acid-induced liver injury in hamsters

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第37期13卷 5003-5008页

作者： tomomichi Iwaki Kaoru Ishizaki Shuji Kinoshita Hideki Tanaka Atsushi Fukunari Makoto Tsurufuji Teruaki Imada Research Laboratory Ⅲ (Immunology) Pharmaceuticals Research Division Mitsubishi Pharma Corporation Yokohama Japan Pharmacokinetics Laboratory Pharmaceuticals Research Division Mitsubishi Pharma Corporation Chiba Japan Discovery Technology Laboratory Pharmaceuticals Research Division Mitsubishi Pharma Corporation Yokohama Japan

AIM： TO investigate the effects of ursodeoxycholic acid （UDCA） on chenodeoxycholic acid （CDCA）-induced liver injury in hamsters, and to elucidate a correlation between liver injury and bile acid profiles in the liver.METHODS： Liver injury was induced in hamsters by administration of 0.5% （w/w） CDCA in their feed for 7 d. UDCA （50 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg） was administered for the last 3 d of the experiment.RESULTS： At the end of the experiment, serum alanine aminotransferase （ALl） increased more than 10 times and the presence of liver injury was confirmed histologically. Marked increase in bile acids was observed in the liver. The amount of total bile acids increased approximately three-fold and was accompanied by the increase in hydrophobic bile acids, CDCA and lithocholic acid （LCA）. UDCA （50 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg） improved liver histology, with a significant decrease （679.3 ±77.5 U/L vs 333.6 ± 50.4 U/L and 254.3 ±35.5 U/ L, respectively, P 〈 0.01） in serum ALT level. UDCA decreased the concentrations of the hydrophobic bile acids, and as a result, a decrease in the total bile acid level in the liver was achieved.CONCLUSION： The results show that UDCA improves oral CDCA-induced liver damage in hamsters. The protective effects of UDCA appear to result from a decrease in the concentration of hydrophobic bile acids, CDCA and LCA, which accumulate and show the cytotoxicity in the liver.

关键词： Chenodeoxycholic acid Hamster Liver bileacids Ursodeoxycholic acid

Precision Synthesis of a Long-Chain Silane Coupling Agent Using Micro Flow Reactors and Its Application in Dentistry

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Journal of Encapsulation and Adsorption Sciences 2016年第1期6卷 35-46页

作者： Kiyomi Fuchigami Hidefumi Fujimura Mitsuji Teramae Toshiyuki nakatsuka Research and Development Department Shofu Inc. Kyoto Japan

In dentistry, a wide range of materials is available for restorative treatment;a typical product of such restorative materials mainly consists of radically polymerizable monomer(s) and inorganic filler(s) (for added physical strength), as well as a surface modifier (e.g. silane coupling agent) for improved affinity between monomer and filler. It is favorable to use an optimal surface modifier depending on the respective restorative materials. However, commercially available surface modifiers, which are synthesized by the ton, are not always suited for what is required for properties of the many different dental restorative materials. As a potential solution to such a problem, we focused on the latest technology, “micro flow reactors” that enabled an on-demand low-volume synthesis of many types of surface modifiers. Using micro reaction fields of such flow reactors, we synthesized a novel long-chain silane coupling agent. Compared to the control system synthesized using a conventional reaction flask, the novel system enabled significant reduction in reaction time without inducing any major side reactions. A dental composite resin that was treated with the novel coupling agent exhibited higher toughness, suggesting that such a silane coupling agent was an effective surface modifier.

关键词： Micro Flow Reactor Precision Synthesis Composite Resins Molecular Design Urethanization Hydrosilylation