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Cost implications of increased solar penetration and time-of-use rate interactions

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Clean Energy 2020年第3期4卷 247-269页

作者： Dominique bain tom Acker School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability Northern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffAZ 86011 Mechanical Engineering Northern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffAZ 86011

Electricity-grid operators are facing new challenges in matching load and generation due to increased solar generation and peak-load *** paper demonstrates that time-of-use(TOU)rates are an effective method to address these *** rates use price differences to incentivize conserving electricity during peak hours and encouraging use during off-peak *** strategy is being used across the USA,including in Arizona,California and *** analysis used the production-cost model PLEXOS with an hourly resolution to explore how production costs,locational marginal prices and dispatch stacks(type of generation used to meet load)change due to changes in load shapes prompted by TOU rates and with additional solar *** modelling focused on implementing TOU rates at three different adoption(response)levels with and without additional solar generation in the Arizona balancing areas within a PLEXOS *** most cases analysed,implementing TOU rates in Arizona reduced reserve shortages in the Western Interconnect and,in some cases,very *** result is representative of the interactions that happen interconnection-wide,demonstrating the advantage of modelling the entire *** costs were decreased by the additional solar generation and the load change from TOU rates,and high response levels reduced the production costs the most for high-solar-generation *** change from TOU rates decreased locational marginal prices for a typical summer day but had inconsistent results on a high-load *** solar generation decreased the usage of combustion turbines,combined cycles and coal-fired generation.

关键词： energy system and policy production-cost model PLEXOS time-of-use rates solar energy locational marginal price

butterfly-plant interactions and body size patterns along an elevational gradient in the Manang region of central Nepal

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Journal of Mountain Science 2020年第5期17卷 1115-1127页

作者： bimal Raj SHRESTHA binu TIMSINA Zuzana MüNZbERGOVá tomás DOSTáLEK Prakash GAUDEL Tej *** Maan b.ROKAYA Central Department of Zoology Tribhuvan UniversityKathmandu44600Nepal Department of Institute of Environmental Studies/botany Faculty of ScienceCharles UniversityBenatska 212801 PragueCzech Republic Department of biodiversity Research Global Change Research CentreCzech Academy of SciencesBelidla 4a60300 BrnoCzech Republic Institute of botany The Czech Academy of SciencesZamek 125243 PruhoniceCzech Republic

butterflies are widely studied due to their key ecosystem *** this reason,they are used in ecosystem assessment,formulating conservation plans and in raising the environmental *** of different factors affecting diversity of butterflies is important for their effective *** this study,we investigated abiotic and biotic factors affecting species richness and community composition of butterflies along an elevational gradient in Manang region,central *** also tested if butterfly species follow the bergmann’s rule.A total of 57 butterfly species belonging to 39 genera and 8 families were recorded in the study *** of a total of 127 plant species identified in the study region,only 67 plant species were visited by butterflies as nectar *** richness of butterflies increased with increasing *** richness was significantly higher in places with shrubs compared to other places and also in autumn than in *** richness of butterflies also depended on composition of plant species occurring at the *** species composition varied among sampling *** was also determined by habitat type,elevation,sampling time,plant species and interactions of elevation×*** relationship between butterfly size and elevation was in the opposite direction than expected according to the bergmann’s *** conclusion,protection of butterfly diversity can only be achieved by protecting different habitats across the diverse physiography of the region and different plant species,in particular herbs and *** results do not support the bergmann’s rule for butterflies along an elevational gradient in our region.

关键词： Lepidoptera Microhabitat Species richness Species composition bergmann’s rule

Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulates proliferation of stem/progenitor cells: what we need to know to translate basic science research into clinical applications

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2021年第6期23卷 602-610页

作者： Yan Tan Yang Guo Amanda b Reed-Maldonado Zheng Li Guiting Lin Shu-Jie Xia tom F Lue Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory Department of UrologySchool of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA 94143USA Department of Andrology Renmin HospitalHubei University of MedicineShiyan 442000China Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research Hubei University of MedicineShiyan 442000China Department of Urology Tripler Army Medical CenterHonoluluHI 96859USA Department of Urology Shanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200080China

Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is a promising therapy that has been increasingly explored in basic research and clinical applications. LIPUS is an appealing therapeutic option as it is a noninvasive treatment that has many advantages, including no risk of infection or tissue damage and no known adverse reactions. LIPUS has been shown to have many benefits including promotion of tissue healing, angiogenesis, and tissue regeneration;inhibition of inflammation and pain relief;and stimulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. The biophysical mechanisms of LIPUS remain unclear and the studies are ongoing. In recent years, more and more research has focused on the relationship between LIPUS and stem/progenitor cells. A comprehensive search of the PubMed and Embase databases to July 2020 was performed. LIPUS has many effects on stem cells. Studies show that LIPUS can stimulate stem cells in vitro;promote stem cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration;maintain stem cell activity;alleviate the problems of insufficient seed cell source, differentiation, and maturation;and circumvent the low efficiency of stem cell transplantation. The mechanisms involved in the effects of LIPUS are not fully understood, but the effects demonstrated in studies thus far have been favorable. Much additional research is needed before LIPUS can progress from basic science research to large-scale clinical dissemination and application.

关键词： cellular signaling pathway low-intensity pulsed ultrasound mechanism mechanotransduction stem cells

Self-replicating digital data storage with synthetic chromosomes

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National Science Review 2021年第7期8卷 66-67页

作者： Xinyu Lu tom Ellis Imperial College Centre for Synthetic biology Imperial College London Department of bioengineering Imperial College London Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute

With the rapid development of the Internet and computational technologies, the exponential growth of digital data is beginning to overwhelm existing storage device capacities, driving an unprecedented demand for new data storage media. DNA, a natural genetic information storage system, has been proposed as a promising alternative[1]. Compared with traditional siliconbased storage, DNA-based storage hasmany advantages—incredible density,

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Anisotropic estimates for sub-elliptic operators

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Science China Mathematics 2008年第4期51卷 509-522页

作者： John bLAND tom DUCHAMP Department of Mathematics University of Toronto Department of Mathematics Box 354350University of Washington

In the 1970’s, Folland and Stein studied a family of subelliptic scalar operators $ \mathcal{L}_\lambda $ which arise naturally in the $ \bar \partial _b $ -complex. They introduced weighted Sobolev spaces as the natural spaces for this complex, and then obtained sharp estimates for $ \bar \partial _b $ in these spaces using integral kernels and approximate inverses. In the 1990’s, Rumin introduced a differential complex for compact contact manifolds, showed that the Folland-Stein operators are central to the analysis for the corresponding Laplace operator, and derived the necessary estimates for the Laplacian from the Folland Stein analysis. In this paper, we give a self-contained derivation of sharp estimates in the anisotropic Folland-Stein spaces for the operators studied by Rumin using integration by parts and a modified approach to bootstrapping.

关键词： sub-elliptic operators anisotropic estimates anisotropic Sobolev spaces Rumin complex contact manifolds 35H20 35b45 53D10 32V20

Resilience:Lessons to be learned from safety and acceptable risk

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Journal of Safety Science and Resilience 2021年第4期2卷 253-257页

作者： Kosovac Anna tom McLeod Logan Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology The University of MelbourneAustralia Civil and Natural Resources Engineering The University of CanterburyNew Zealand

It is not unusual to see the concept of resilience housed in binary terms:Your city is either‘resilient’or *** contrast,being‘safe’is widely recognized as a statement based on‘acceptable risk’where absolute safety is *** why do we treat resilience and,as an example,the idea of“Resilient Cities”as a distinct endpoint?In this paper,we argue that this mindset is not only incongruent with current understandings of safety and risk but could create a false sense of security for systems that otherwise have been judged‘resilient’.An alternative is that we can and should consider framing resilience in the same manner as we do to *** benefit of doing this is that we can learn from the safety literature and appreciate that,like for safety,there is no such thing as absolute ***,we should be striving to constantly identify and reduce the risks to our systems and society.

关键词： Risk analysis Safety Risk assessment Resilient Resilience Urban Cities Disaster management

A Strong Public Health System: Essential for Health and Economic Progress

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China CDC weekly 2020年第8期2卷 128-130页

作者： tom Frieden US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent New York NY 30329 USA New York City Hlth Dept New York NY 30329 USA

Public health has been defined as“the science and art of preventing disease,prolonging life,and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society,organizations,public and private communities,and individuals”(1).Public health,and not medical care,has been responsible for most of the health gains in the world during the past *** health initiatives such as clean water and sanitation,vaccination,tobacco control,motor vehicle and workplace safety,and improved nutrition led to 80%of the gain in *** expectancy in the 20th century(2).Globally,public health accomplishments such as smallpox(3)and polio eradication(4),and immunization(5)have saved millions of lives.

关键词： Strong Public accomplishment

The Vérard et al.(2015) method for 3D palaeogeographic reconstructions:How solid is its base?

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2015年第3期4卷 244-247页

作者： A.J.(tom) van Loon Geocom Valle del Portet 1703726 BenitachellSpain

Verard and co-workers proposed in an earlier issue of this journal a method to reconstruct the 3D palaeogeography ＂anywhere in the world at any time＂. The present contribution is a discussion of some of the assumptions on which the method of Verard et al. is based. The reason for this discussion is that the method will give, at least seemingly, illogical outcomes for numerous situations. Moreover, some assumptions used by Verard and his team pose theoretical probtems. It is deduced that the method developed by Verard and co-workers may occasionally help, indeed, to obtain a rough picture of the altitude of the sedimentary surface on the continents and of the depth of the sedimentary surface in the oceans in the geological past. The outcomes should, however, be treated with utmost care as severat of the assumptions on which the interpretative 3D method is based have no solid basis, so that even the rough outcomes of the method must be considered questionable.

关键词： pataeogeography reconstruction 3D model

Structure and Activity of Strigolactones： New Plant Hormones with a Rich Future

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Molecular Plant 2013年第1期6卷 38-62页

作者： binne Zwanenburg tomás Pospísil Radboud University Nijmegen Institute for Molecules and Materials Cluster of Organic Chemistry Heyendaalseweg 135 6525AJ Nijmegen TheNetherlands Palacky University Faculty of Science Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research Department of Growth Regulators~lechtiteICJ 11 CZ-783 71 Olomouc Czech Republic

Strigolactones （SLs） constitute a new class of plant hormones which are active as germination stimulants for seeds of parasitic weeds of Striga, Orobanche, and Pelipanchi spp, in hyphal branching of arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） fungi and as inhibitors of shoot branching. In this review, the focus is on molecular features of these SLs. The occurrence of SLs in root exudates of host plants is described. The naming protocol for SL according to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry （IUPAC） rules and the ＇at a glance＇ method is explained. The total synthesis of some natural SLs is described with details for all eight stereoisomers of strigol. The problems encountered with assign- ing the correct structure of natural SLs are analyzed for orobanchol, alectrol, and solanacol. The structure-activity relationship of SLs as germination stimulants leads to the identification of the bioactiphore of SLs. Together with a tentative mechanism for the mode of action, a model has been derived that can be used to design and prepare active SL analogs. This working model has been used for the preparation of a series of new SL analogs such as Nijmegen-1, and analogs derived from simple ketones, keto enols, and saccharine. The serendipitous finding of SL mimics which are derived from the D-ring in SLs （appropriately substituted butenolides） is reported. For SL mimics, a mode of action is proposed as well. Recent new results support this proposal. The stability of SLs and SL analogs towards hydrolysis is described and some details of the mechanism of hydrolysis are discussed as well. The attempted isolation of the protein receptor for germination and the current status concerning the biosynthesis of natural SLs are briefly discussed. Some non-SLs as germinating agents are mentioned. The structure-activity relationship for SLs in hyphal branching of AM fungi and in repression of shoot branching is also analyzed. For each of the principle functions, a working model for the desi

关键词： germination stimulant hyphal branching AM fungi inhibition shoot branching plant hormones strigolac-tones structure-activity relationship.