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Evolutionary importance of the relationship between cytogeography and climate:New insights on creosote bushes from North and south America

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Plant Diversity 2022年第5期44卷 492-498页

作者： Romina Vidal-Russell Mariana Tadey Romana urfusova tomás urfus Cintia Paola souto Laboratorio Ecotono-INIBIOMA(CONICET-UNComahue) Quintral1250BarilocheRío NegroArgentina Department of Botany Faculty of ScienceCharles UniversityBenátská212800PragueCzech Republic

Relationships between genome size and environmental variables suggest that DNA content might be adaptive and of evolutionary importance in *** genus Larrea provides an interesting system to test this hypothesis,since it shows both intra-and interspecific variation in genome *** has an amphitropical distribution in North and south American deserts,where it is most *** tridentata in North America shows a gradient of increasing autopolyploidy;while three of the four studied south American species are diploids,Larrea divaricata,Larrea nitida,Larrea ameghinoi,and the fourth is an allopolyploid,Larrea *** downloaded available focal species’georeferenced records from seven data *** used these records to extract biologically relevant environmental variables from WorldClim at 30 arc seconds scale,to have a broad characterization of the variable climatic conditions of both regions,and a climatic envelope for each *** estimated relative DNA content index and relative monoploid genome values,by flow cytometry,of four most abundant Larrea species throughout their respective *** we winnow the bioclimatic dataset down to uncorrelated variables and sampled locales,to analyse the degree of association between both intra-and interspecific relative DNA content and climatic variables that are functionally relevant in arid environments using Pearson correlations,general linear and mixed effects *** the genus Larrea,relative DNA content increases with rising temperature and decreases with rising *** the intraspecific level,all four species show relative DNA content variation across climatic *** is a genus that shows genome size variation correlated with *** results are also consistent with the hypothesis that extreme environmental pressures may have facilitated repeated whole genome duplication events in North America,while in south America,reticulate evolution,as allopolyploidizati

关键词： DNA content Drylands Genome size Jarilla Larrea Zygophyllaceae

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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling in the neuromuscular junction during developmental axonal competition and synapse elimination

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 394-401页

作者： Josep tomàs Víctor Cilleros-Mañé Laia Just-Borràs Marta Balanyà-segura Aleksandra Polishchuk Laura Nadal Marta tomàs Carolina silvera-simón Manel M.santafé Maria A.Lanuza Unitat d’Histologia i Neurobiologia(UHNeurob) Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la SalutUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliReusSpain

During the development of the nervous system,there is an overproduction of neurons and *** competition between neighboring nerve endings and synapses performing different activity levels leads to their elimination or *** have extensively studied the involvement of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor-Tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor neurotrophic retrograde pathway,at the neuromuscular junction,in the axonal development and synapse elimination process versus the synapse *** purpose of this review is to describe the neurotrophic influence on developmental synapse elimination,in relation to other molecular pathways that we and others have found to regulate this *** particular,we summarize our published results based on transmitter release analysis and axonal counts to show the different involvement of the presynaptic acetylcholine muscarinic autoreceptors,coupled to downstream serine-threonine protein kinases A and C(PKA and PKC)and voltage-gated calcium channels,at different nerve endings in developmental *** dynamic changes that occur simultaneously in several nerve terminals and synapses converge across a postsynaptic site,influence each other,and require careful studies to individualize the mechanisms of specific *** describe an activity-dependent balance(related to the extent of transmitter release)between the presynaptic muscarinic subtypes and the neurotrophin-mediated TrkB/p75NTR pathways that can influence the timing and fate of the competitive interactions between the different axon *** downstream displacement of the PKA/PKC activity ratio to lower values,both in competing nerve terminals and at postsynaptic sites,plays a relevant role in controlling the elimination of supernumerary ***,calcium entry through L-and P/Q-subtypes of voltage-gated calcium channels(both channels are present,together with the N-type channel in developing nerve terminals)contributes to red

关键词： acetylcholine release adenosine receptors axonal competition brain-derived neurotrophic factor calcium channels motor end-plate muscarinic acetylcholine receptors postnatal synapse elimination serine kinases tropomyosin-related kinase receptorB

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Remaking a connection:molecular players involved in post-injury synapse formation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1719-1720页

作者： Diogo tomé Ramiro D.Almeida iBiMED-Institute of Biomedicine Department of Medical SciencesUniversity of AveiroAveiroPortugal CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal

Functional recovery from central nervous system(CNs)trauma depends not only on axon regeneration or compensatory sprouting of uninjured fibers but also on the ability of newly grown axons to establish functional synapses with appropriate *** several studies have successfully promoted long-distance axonal regeneration in distinct CNs injury models,none of them have resulted in a viable therapeutic approach for patient recovery.A possible reason may be the lack of new synaptogenesis for reestablishing the circuitry lost after ***,we discuss how our understanding of the mechanisms that instruct synapse formation in the injured nervous system may contribute to the design of new strategies to promote functional restoration in traumatic CNs disorders.

关键词： viable injury instru

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Rock joint coefficients and their computerized classification

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International Journal of Mining science and Technology 2019年第5期29卷 701-709页

作者： tomás Ficker Faculty of Civil Engineering Brno University of Technology60200 BrnoCzech Republic

A computerized method for determining rock joint coefficients is *** relative similarity indicators are introduced to classify surface morphology of rock *** classification enables to compare investigated and database rock *** a comparison aims at finding the couple of surfaces that are distinguished by the highest dynamical *** first absolute indicator results from the Fourier matrix and evaluates wavy shapes of *** second absolute indicator quantifies the heights of surface reliefs and is defined as the root mean square height of the surface *** reliability of these indicators is tested within the surface analysis of a series of limestone *** the computerized assessment,25 people have performed visual assessment of these limestone *** results of visual assessments have been statistically processed and compared to the results received from the computerized *** newly introduced absolute indicators have proved to be prospective numerical tools for evaluating joint rock coefficients.

关键词： Rock joints shear strength Joint rock coefficients Numerical indicators Computerized assessment

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Current state-of-the-art review of footwear–ground friction

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Friction 2024年第10期12卷 2188-2204页

作者： David REBENDA tomáš sÁHA Footwear Research Centre University InstituteTomas Bata University in ZlinZlin 76001Czech Republic Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Brno University of TechnologyBron 61600Czech Republic

The most important role of footwear is to ensure safe,functional walking,and foot *** the proper functionality of not only the work shoes,the anti-slip behavior of the shoe under various conditions and environments plays an important role in the prevention of slips,trips,falls,and consequent *** article is intended to review the current understanding of the frictional mechanisms between shoe outsoles and various counterfaces that impact the evaluation of outsole *** research focuses on the mechanisms driving outsole friction on different ground surfaces or the definition and description of parameters that influence outsole ***,the review discusses the effect of various surface contaminants on footwear ***,challenges and outlooks in the field of footwear outsoles are briefly mentioned.

关键词： shoe outsole composite slipperiness coefficient of friction(COF) adhesion safe walk

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A Proposal for the Automatic Computation of Envelopes of Families of Plane Curves

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Journal of systems science & Complexity 2019年第1期32卷 150-157页

作者： BOTANA Francisco RECIO tomás Depto. de Matemática Aplicada I Universidad de Vigo Campus A Xunqueira Depto. de Matemáticas Estad'?stica y Computación Universidad de Cantabria

The idea of envelope of a family of plane curves is an elementary notion in differential geometry. As such, its implementation in dynamic geometry environments is quite universal(Cabri,The Geometer's sketchpad, Cinderella, Geo Gebra,...). Nevertheless, most of these programs return,when computing certain envelopes, both some spurious solutions and the curves that truly ?t in the intuitive de?nition of envelope. The precise distinction between spurious and genuine parts has not been made before: This paper proposes such distinction in an algorithmic way, ready for its implementation in interactive geometry systems, allowing a ?ner classi?cation of the different parts resulting from the current, advanced approach to envelope computation and, thus, yielding a more precise output, free from extraneous components.

关键词： Automated deduction in geometry dynamic geometry envelopes parametric polynomial systems symbolic computation

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structure and Activity of strigolactones： New Plant Hormones with a Rich Future

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Molecular Plant 2013年第1期6卷 38-62页

作者： Binne Zwanenburg tomás Pospísil Radboud University Nijmegen Institute for Molecules and Materials Cluster of Organic Chemistry Heyendaalseweg 135 6525AJ Nijmegen TheNetherlands Palacky University Faculty of Science Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research Department of Growth Regulators~lechtiteICJ 11 CZ-783 71 Olomouc Czech Republic

strigolactones （sLs） constitute a new class of plant hormones which are active as germination stimulants for seeds of parasitic weeds of striga, Orobanche, and Pelipanchi spp, in hyphal branching of arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） fungi and as inhibitors of shoot branching. In this review, the focus is on molecular features of these sLs. The occurrence of sLs in root exudates of host plants is described. The naming protocol for sL according to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry （IUPAC） rules and the ＇at a glance＇ method is explained. The total synthesis of some natural sLs is described with details for all eight stereoisomers of strigol. The problems encountered with assign- ing the correct structure of natural sLs are analyzed for orobanchol, alectrol, and solanacol. The structure-activity relationship of sLs as germination stimulants leads to the identification of the bioactiphore of sLs. Together with a tentative mechanism for the mode of action, a model has been derived that can be used to design and prepare active sL analogs. This working model has been used for the preparation of a series of new sL analogs such as Nijmegen-1, and analogs derived from simple ketones, keto enols, and saccharine. The serendipitous finding of sL mimics which are derived from the D-ring in sLs （appropriately substituted butenolides） is reported. For sL mimics, a mode of action is proposed as well. Recent new results support this proposal. The stability of sLs and sL analogs towards hydrolysis is described and some details of the mechanism of hydrolysis are discussed as well. The attempted isolation of the protein receptor for germination and the current status concerning the biosynthesis of natural sLs are briefly discussed. some non-sLs as germinating agents are mentioned. The structure-activity relationship for sLs in hyphal branching of AM fungi and in repression of shoot branching is also analyzed. For each of the principle functions, a working model for the desi

关键词： germination stimulant hyphal branching AM fungi inhibition shoot branching plant hormones strigolac-tones structure-activity relationship.

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Multispecies coalescent and its applications to infer species phylogenies and cross-species gene flow

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National science Review 2021年第12期8卷 86-103页

作者： Xiyun Jiao tomá■ Flouri Ziheng Yang Department of Genetics Evolution and EnvironmentUniversity College London Department of statistics and Data science Southern University of Science and Technology

Multispecies coalescent(MsC) is the extension of the single-population coalescent model to multiple species. It integrates the phylogenetic process of species divergences and the population genetic process of coalescent, and provides a powerful framework for a number of inference problems using genomic sequence data from multiple species, including estimation of species divergence times and population sizes,estimation of species trees accommodating discordant gene trees, inference of cross-species gene flow and species delimitation. In this review, we introduce the major features of the MsC model, discuss full-likelihood and heuristic methods of species tree estimation and summarize recent methodological advances in inference of cross-species gene flow. We discuss the statistical and computational challenges in the field and research directions where breakthroughs may be likely in the next few years.

关键词： anomaly zone BPP deep coalescence gene flow Markov chain Monte Carlo multispecies coalescent species tree

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GBP-WAHsN:A Group-Based Protocol for Large Wireless Ad Hoc and sensor Networks

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Journal of Computer science & Technology 2008年第3期23卷 461-480页

作者： Jaime Lloret Miguel Garcia Jesus tomás Fernando Boronat Department of Communications Polytechnic University of ValenciaCamino Vera s/n46022ValenciaSpain

Grouping nodes gives better performance to the whole network by diminishing the average network delay and avoiding unnecessary message forwarding and additional overhead. Many routing protocols for ad-hoc and sensor networks have been designed but none of them are based on groups. In this paper, we will start defining group-based topologies, and then we will show how some wireless ad hoc sensor networks （WAHsN） routing protocols perform when the nodes are arranged in groups. In our proposal connections between groups are established as a function of the proximity of the nodes and the neighbor＇s available capacity （based on the node＇s energy）. We describe the architecture proposal, the messages that are needed for the proper operation and its mathematical description. We have also simulated how much time is needed to propagate information between groups. Finally, we will show a comparison with other architectures.

关键词： group-based protocol group-based architecture group-based routing algorithm large networks

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A Probabilistic Trust Model and Control Algorithm to Protect 6G Networks against Malicious Data Injection Attacks in Edge Computing Environments

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & sciences 2024年第10期141卷 631-654页

作者： Borja Bordel sánchez Ramón Alcarria tomás Robles Department of Computer systems Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadrid28031Spain Department of Geospatial Engineering Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadrid28031Spain

Future 6G communications are envisioned to enable a large catalogue of pioneering *** will range from networked Cyber-Physical systems to edge computing devices,establishing real-time feedback control loops critical for managing Industry 5.0 deployments,digital agriculture systems,and essential *** provision of extensive machine-type communications through 6G will render many of these innovative systems autonomous and *** full automation will enhance industrial efficiency significantly,it concurrently introduces new cyber risks and *** particular,unattended systems are highly susceptible to trust issues:malicious nodes and false information can be easily introduced into control ***,Denialof-service attacks can be executed by inundating the network with valueless *** anomaly detection schemes require the entire transformation of the control software to integrate new steps and can only mitigate anomalies that conform to predefined mathematical *** based on an exhaustive data collection to detect anomalies are precise but extremely *** models,with their limited understanding of mobile networks,can achieve precision rates no higher than 75%.Therefore,more general and transversal protection mechanisms are needed to detect malicious behaviors *** paper introduces a probabilistic trust model and control algorithm designed to address this *** model determines the probability of any node to be *** channels are pruned for those nodes whose probability is below a given *** trust control algorithmcomprises three primary phases,which feed themodel with three different probabilities,which are weighted and ***,anomalous nodes are identified using Gaussian mixture models and clustering ***,traffic patterns are studied using digital Bessel functions and the functional scalar ***,the in

关键词： 6G networks noise injection attacks Gaussian mixture model Bessel function traffic filter Volterra filter

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