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Water Resource, Hygienic Practice, and Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis in Some Rural Communities of Osun State, Nigeria

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2017年第2期9卷 99-110页

作者： tolulope sunday fafunwa Hammed Oladeji Mogaji Akinola Stephen Oluwole Abdulhakeem Adebiyi Adeniran Mariam Tobi Fagbenro Sammy Olufemi Sam-Wobo Babatunde Saheed Bada Uwem Friday Ekpo Department of Pure and Applied Zoology Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta Nigeria Department of Animal and Environmental Biology Federal University Oye-Ekiti Oye-Ekiti Nigeria Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta Nigeria

Provision of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) resources has been advocated as necessary add-on strategy for sustainable control of soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) alongside annual mass drug administration (MDA) of albendazole to endemic communities. This study investigated the burden of STH and status of WASH resources in eight rural communities in Aiyedaade LGA, Osun State, Nigeria. Four of the communities were supported with improved water and hygiene resources (Category A), and another four supported only with improved water resources (Category B). Two hundred and sixteen (216) fresh stool samples were collected from consenting community members and screened for Ascaris lumbricoides, Hookworm and Trichuris trichiura infections using ether concentration method. The status and condition of WASH resources were determined using questionnaire and physical observation. An overall prevalence of 35.2% was observed for any STH infection. Species’ prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides, Hookworm and Trichuris trichiura prevalence was 33.8%, 22.7%, and 0.5% respectively. Intensity of STH infection was significantly higher in Category A communities than in Category B communities. The prevalence of STH in Category A communities was higher (42.0%) than that in Category B communities (30.1%). There were significant differences (p = 0.000) in STH infections between the two categories. The status of improved water supply was not significantly different (p = 0.3153) in the two categories. Knowledge, attitude, and practices about STH, its transmission and control were low in both categories of communities. These results imply that current implementation of WASH which tends to focus on resource distribution, equity, and coverage, is unlikely to impact on STH transmission and control. Therefore, it is necessary for WASH providers to consider STH transmission control in their planning and implementation of WASH intervention for STH endemic communities.

关键词： Water Sanitation Hygiene Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis Osun State Nigeria

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Cytotoxic response of phagocytes in patients newly infected with pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis determined using plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha,malondialdehyde,and superoxide dismutase:an observational study

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Journal of Bio-X Research 2021年第3期4卷 120-123页

作者： Mathew Folaranmi Olaniyan tolulope Busayo Ojediran sunday Mutiu Monsuru Department of Medical L aboratory Science Edo UniversitylyamhoEdo State State Hospital ljebu-OdeOgun StateNigeria

Objective: PulmonaryMycobacterium tuberculosis infection can trigger cellular and humoral innate immune responses, which may cause death of the pathogen and or host cells/tissue. We aimed to determine the cytotoxic response of phagocytes in patients with pulmonaryMycobacterium tuberculosis infection based on plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) ***: In this observational study, patients newly infected with pulmonaryMycobacterium tuberculosis (n=31;age 37-62 years) and age-matched uninfected volunteers (n=50) were recruited as test and control volunteers, respectively in Owo, Nigeria. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Research and Ethics Committee of the Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Achievers University, Owo, Nigeria (AUO/MLS/VII/2009/212). Anti-hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus antigen/antibody, hepatitis B virus surface antigen, and plasma TNF-α were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, SOD, and MDA were determined by colorimetry,Plasmodium by Giemsa thick blood film staining, and acid-fast bacilli in sputum were detected by Ziehl-Neelsen ***: All participants had normal blood glucose levels and tested negative for human immunodeficiency virus antigen/antibody, anti-hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus surface antigen, andPlasmodium spp., and had no medical history of cancer. Infected patients had significantly higher plasma MDA and TNF-α levels and significantly lower SOD levels compared with control subjects (allP<0.05).Conclusion: Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection elicited a cytotoxic response by phagocytes, evidenced by significant increases in MDA and TNF-α and a significant decrease in SOD levels.

关键词： malondialdehyde phagocyte cytotoxic response pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis superoxide dismutase tumor necrosis factor-alpha

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Malaria Retinopathy among Under-Five Children with Severe and Uncomplicated Malaria in a Tertiary Health Institution in Southwest Nigeria: A Comparative Study

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2023年第3期13卷 355-374页

作者： Olusoji Omotayo Olayinka Philip Olayele Abiodun tolulope Opeoluwa Jegede Ifedayo Olabisi Fasoranti Qasim Olakunle Salau Abiodun John Kareem Juliet Nnenda Olayinka Evbenaye Stanley Obasohan Babatunde David Babalola Adeoye Adeleke Ademuyiwa Foluwakemi Tope Ekogiawe Ikechukwu sunday Abazu Emmanuel Olasunkanmi Babalola Department of Paediatrics Federal Medical Centre Owo Nigeria Department of Pharmacology Afe Babalola University Ado-Ekiti Nigeria

Introduction: Malaria retinopathy refers to retinal abnormalities unique to malaria resulting from prolonged parasitization by Plasmodium falciparum. Identifying these features and treating them promptly could prevent lethal complications of malaria. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify and compare retinal findings in severe and uncomplicated malaria. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 260 subjects was equally divided into two groups of severe and uncomplicated malaria. Direct ophthalmoscopy was done at recruitment for all subjects. Information on sociodemographics, physical examination, nutritional status, and retinal abnormalities were recorded. A p-value Results: There were 141 (54.2%) males and 70 (26.9%) aged between 13 - 24 months. Severe anaemia, multiple convulsions, prostration, and cerebral malaria were the predominant forms of severe malaria. Twenty-three (17.7%) subjects with severe malaria and none with uncomplicated malaria had retinopathy. Retinal whitening (17.7%), vessel changes (16.2%), and retinal haemorrhages (5.4%) were the major forms of retinopathy. Retinopathy occurred in 43.8% of those with cerebral malaria. Retinal whitening and vessel changes were significantly associated with multiple convulsions, cerebral malaria, and metabolic acidosis;retinal haemorrhage was associated with cerebral malaria and haemoglobinuria (p = 0.022) and vessel changes with hypoglycaemia (p = 0.037). Cerebral malaria was an independent predictor of retinal whitening (p = 0.004) and vessel changes (p = 0.008) while haemoglobinuria was an independent predictor of retinal haemorrhages (p = 0.007). Conclusion: Ophthalmoscopy is an important examination in children with severe malaria which could assist in early detection and with prompt treatment, reduce morbidities and mortalities.

关键词： Children Malaria Nigeria Ophthalmoscopy Retinopathy

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