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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第41期23卷 7397-7406页

作者： Susana Lopes Eduardo Rodrigues-Pinto Patrícia Andrade Joana Afonso todd H Baron Fernando Magro Guilherme Macedo Gastroenterology Department Faculty of MedicineHospital de Sao Joao Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics University of Porto Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of North Carolina

AIM To evaluate the incidence of anastomotic strictures after intestinal resection in Crohn's disease(CD), demonstrate long-term efficacy and safety of endoscopic balloon dilation(EBD) in CD strictures and its impact on the diagnosis of subclinical postoperative endoscopic recurrence. METHODS Retrospective single tertiary center study based on prospectively collected data between 2010 and 2015including anastomotic and non-anastomotic strictures. RESULTS29% of 162 CD patients included developed an anastomotic stricture. 43 patients with anastomotic strictures and 37 with non-anastomotic strictures underwent EBD; technical success was 97.7% and 100%, respectively, however, 63% and 41% needed repeat dilation during the 4.4-year follow-up. Longer periods between surgery and index colonoscopy and higher lactoferrin levels were associated with the presence of stricture after surgery. Calprotectin levels > 83.35 μg/g and current or past history of smoking were associated with a shorter time until need for dilation(HR = 3.877, 95%CI: 1.480-10.152 and HR = 3.041, 95%CI: 1.213-7.627). Anastomotic strictures had a greater need for repeat dilation(63% vs 41%, P = 0.047). No differences were found between asymptomatic and symptomatic cohorts. Disease recurrence diagnosis was only possible after EBD in a third of patients. CONCLUSION EBD is an effective and safe alternative to surgery, with a good short and long-term outcome, postponing or even avoiding further surgery. EBD may allow to diagnose disease recurrence in patients with no clinical signs/biomarkers of disease activity.

关键词： Crohn’s disease Endoscopic recurrence Anastomotic strictures Non-anastomotic strictures Endoscopic balloon dilation

Managing hybridization of a recovering endangered species： The red wolf Canis rufus as a case study

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Current Zoology 2015年第1期61卷 191-205页

作者： Eric M. GESE Fred F. KNOWLTON Jennifer R. ADAMS Karen BECK todd K. FULLER Dennis L. MURRAY todd D. STEURY Michael K. STOSKOPF Will T. WADDELL Lisette P. WAITS USDA/APHIS/WS/National Wildlife Research Center Department of Wildland Resources Utah State University Logan UT 84322-5230 USA Department ofFish and Wildlife Sciences University of Idaho Moscow Idaho 83844-1136 USA Environmental Medicine Consortium College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27606 USA Department of Environmental Conservation 160 Holdsworth Way University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003-9285 USA Department of Biology Trent University 1600 West Bank Drive Peterborough Ontario K9J 7B8 Canada School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences Auburn University Auburn AL 36849 USA Point Defiance Zoo and Aquarium 5400 North Pearl Street Tacoma WA 98407 USA

Hybridization presents a unique challenge for conservation biologists and managers. While hybridization is an important evolutionary process, hybridization is also a threat formany native species. The endangered species recovery effort for the red wolf Canis rufus is a classic system for understanding and addressing the challenges of hybridization. From 1987-1993, 63 red wolves were released from captivity in eastern North Carolina, USA, to establish a free-ranging, non-essential experimental population. By 1999, managers recognized hybridization with invasive coyotes Canis latrans was the single greatest threat to successful recovery, and an adaptive management plan was adopted with innovative approaches for managing the threat of hybri- dization. Here we review the application and results of the adaptive management efforts from 1993 to 2013 by comparing：（1） the numbers of wolves, coyotes, and hybrids captured, （2） the numbers of territorial social groups with presumed breeding capabili- ties, （3） the number of red wolf and hybrid litters documented each year and （4） the degree of coyote introgression into the wild red wolf gene pool. We documented substantial increases in the number of known red wolves and red wolf social groups from 1987-2004 followed by a plateau and slight decline by *** number of red wolf litters exceeded hybrid litters each year and the proportion of hybrid litters per year averaged 21%. The genetic composition of the wild red wolf population is estimated to include 〈 4% coyote ancestry from recent introgression since reintroduction. We conclude that the adaptive management plan was effective at reducing the introgression of coyote genes into the red wolf population, but population recovery of red wolves will require continuation of the current management plan, or alternative approaches, for the foreseeable future. More broadly, we discuss the lessons learned from red wolf adaptive management that could assist other endangered species r

关键词： Canid Conservation Genetics Hybrid Management

Expression of an endoglucanase from Tribolium castaneum （TcEG 1 ） in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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Insect Science 2014年第5期21卷 609-618页

作者： Derek Shirley Cris Oppert todd B. Reynolds Bethany Miracle Brenda Oppert William E. Klingeman Juan Luis Jurat-Fuentes Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology University of Tennessee Department of Microbiology University of TennesseeKnoxville TN 37996 USDA-Agricultural Research Service Center for Grain and Animal Health Research Manhattan KS 66502 Department of Plant Sciences University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA

Insects are a largely unexploited resource in prospecting for novel cellulolytic enzymes to improve the production of ethanol fuel from lignocellulosic biomass. The cost of lignocellulosic ethanol production is expected to decrease by the combination of cellulose degradation （saccharification） and fermentation of the resulting glucose to ethanol in a single process, catalyzed by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae transformed to express efficient cellulases. While S. cerevisiae is an established heterologous expression system, there are no available data on the functional expression of insect cellulolytic enzymes for this species. To address this knowledge gap, S. cerevisiae was transformed to express the full-length cDNA encoding an endoglucanase from the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum （TcEG 1）, and evaluated the activity of the transgenic product （rTcEG 1）. Expression of the TcEG1 cDNA in S. cerevisiae was under control of the strong glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate dehydrogenase promoter. Cultured transformed yeast secreted rTcEG1 protein as a functional β-1,4-endoglucanase, which allowed transformants to survive on selective media containing cellulose as the only available carbon source. Evaluation of substrate specificity for secreted rTcEG1 demonstrated endoglucanase activity, although some activity was also detected against complex cellulose substrates. Potentially relevant to uses in biofuel production rTcEG1 activity increased with pH conditions, with the highest activity detected at pH 12. Our results demonstrate the potential for functional production of an insect cellulase in S. cerevisiae and confirm the stability of rTcEG1 activity in strong alkaline environments.

关键词： biofuels insect cellulase Saccharomyces cerevisiae Tribolium castaneum yeast

Protein-based profiling of the human IgA1 clonal repertoire revealed shared clones of serum polymeric IgA1 and milk secretory IgA1

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2023年第3期20卷 305-307页

作者： Jan Novak Matthew B.Renfrow R.Glenn King Colin Reily todd J.Green Department of Microbiology University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA

Human adaptive immunity involves the production and secretion of antibodies by differentiated B cells(ie.,antibody-secreting cells,also called plasma cells)in response to *** secreted antigen-specific antibodies are immunoglobulins that are present at substantial concentrations in blood,mucosal secretions,and breast ***,human immunoglobulins consist of two identical heavy(H)chains and two identical light(L)chains that are connected by disulfide bridges to form a homodimer of heterodimers(ie.,H+Ll2).Each heterodimer consists of one H chain linked with one L chain,whereas the homodimer is formed by linking two H chains *** genes for both the L and H chains are encoded by ligated gene segments that are genetically rearranged during V(D)J recombination,a process that endows each B cell with a unique receptor,giving rise to the enormous diversity of the B-cell antigen receptor repertoire.

关键词： IgA1 immunity chains

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Where's My Bed?

小学生时代（大嘴英语） 2021年第7期 64-65页

作者： Susan todd(图) 不详

Dietary mitigation of enteric methane emissions from ruminants:A review of plant tannin mitigation options

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Animal Nutrition 2020年第3期6卷 231-246页

作者： Byeng R.Min Sandra Solaiman Heidi M.Waldrip David Parker Richard W.todd David Brauer United States Department of Agriculture(USDA) Agricultural Research Service(ARS)BushlandTX79012USA Tuskegee University TuskegeeAL36088USA

Methane gas from livestock production activities is a significant source of greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions which have been shown to influence climate *** technologies offer a potential to manipulate the rumen biome through genetic selection reducing CH4 *** production may also be mitigated to varying degrees by various dietary intervention *** to reduce GHG emissions need to be developed which increase ruminant production efficiency whereas reducing production of CH4 from cattle,sheep,and *** emissions may be efficiently mitigated by manipulation of natural ruminal microbiota with various dietary interventions and animal production efficiency *** some CH4 abatement strategies have shown efficacy in vivo,more research is required to make any of these approaches pertinent to modern animal production *** objective of this review is to explain how anti-methanogenic compounds(e.g.,plant tannins)affect ruminal microbiota,reduce CH4 emission,and the effects on host ***,this review provides information relevant to understanding the impact of tannins on methanogenesis,which may provide a cost-effective means to reduce enteric CH4 production and the influence of ruminant animals on global GHG emissions.

关键词： Feed efficiency Greenhouse gas(GHG)emission Methanogenesis Tannin Ruminant

Flash ActionScript 3.0实训课堂 1

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2008年

作者：（美）todd Perkins

Flash是目前应用最广泛的一款动画制作软件，Adobe Flash CS3是其最新版本，而该软件中内置的ActionScript 3.0则是动画实现中的出色编程语言。本书通过实际的示例介绍了该编程语言的基本功能。全书共12章，依次介绍了函数、事件、类等... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9787115181855

Flash是目前应用最广泛的一款动画制作软件，Adobe Flash CS3是其最新版本，而该软件中内置的ActionScript 3.0则是动画实现中的出色编程语言。本书通过实际的示例介绍了该编程语言的基本功能。全书共12章，依次介绍了函数、事件、类等基本概念，各种判断语句、数学函数、文本和数组，最后还介绍了高级图形和动画工具，以及如何处理多媒体和高级交互性。　　本书图文并茂，采用手把手的教学模式，并用实际的游戏作为示例来综合运用各种知识，是ActionScript初中级读者的必备书籍。

关键词：图形软件,FLASH ACTIONSCRIPT 3.0 设计动画

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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断裂方式对氧化铝基复合陶瓷耐磨性的影响

无机材料学报 2007年第3期22卷 493-498页

作者：张福成罗海辉 Roberts Steve-G todd Richard-I 燕山大学亚稳材料制备技术与科学国家重点实验室秦皇岛066004 Department of Materials University of OxfordParks RoadOxford OX1 3PHUK.

通过磨粒磨损试验测定了氧化铝陶瓷、氧化铝／碳化硅复合陶瓷和氧化铝／莫来石复合陶瓷的耐磨性．利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察了样品的微观结构,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析了样品的断口形貌和磨损表面的剥落情况．研究了断裂方式对... 详细信息

通过磨粒磨损试验测定了氧化铝陶瓷、氧化铝／碳化硅复合陶瓷和氧化铝／莫来石复合陶瓷的耐磨性．利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察了样品的微观结构,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析了样品的断口形貌和磨损表面的剥落情况．研究了断裂方式对磨损表面剥落和耐磨性的影响．结果表明:氧化铝陶瓷的磨损主要由断裂磨损机制控制,氧化铝／碳化硅复合陶瓷的磨损主要由塑性磨损机制控制,氧化铝／莫来石复合陶瓷受这两种磨损机制共同作用．相对于氧化铝陶瓷,氧化铝／碳化硅复合陶瓷和氧化铝／莫来石复合陶瓷的耐磨性提高2-4倍,这主要是由于其断裂方式转变为以穿晶断裂为主,减少了磨损面的脆性剥落．

关键词：氧化铝复合陶瓷耐磨性断裂方式

Bioelectronic protein nanowire sensors for ammonia detection

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Nano Research 2020年第5期13卷 1479-1484页

作者： Alexander F.Smith Xiaomeng Liu Trevor L.Woodard Tianda Fu todd Emrick Juan M.Jiménez Derek R.Lovley Jun Yao Department of Biomedical Engineering University of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003USA Department of Microbiology University of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003USA Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003USA Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003USA Institute for Applied Life Sciences(IALS) University of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003USA

Electronic sensors based on biomaterials can lead to novel green technologies that are low cost,renewable,and *** we demonstrate bioelectronic ammonia sensors made from protein nanowires harvested from the microorganism Geobacter *** nanowire sensor responds to a broad range of ammonia concentrations(10 to 10^6 ppb),which covers the range relevant for industrial,environmental,and biomedical *** sensor also demonstrates high selectivity to ammonia compared to moisture and other common gases found in human *** results provide a proof-of-concept demonstration for developing protein nanowire based gas sensors for applications in industry,agriculture,environmental monitoring,and healthcare.

关键词： nanowire protein nanowire biomaterial bioelectronics biosensor ammonia sensor