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Enduring association between irritable bowel syndrome and war trauma during the Nicaragua civil war period:A population-based study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第45期29卷 5953-5961页

作者： Edgar m Peña-Galo Daniel Wurzelmann Javier Alcedo Rodolfo Peña Loreto Cortes Douglas morgan Department of Digestive Diseases Miguel Servet University HospitalZaragoza 50009AragonSpain Javier Alcedo Aragon Health Research InstituteIIS AragonZaragoza 50009AragonSpain Department of mental Health Carolina PartnersDurhamNC 27707United States Department of Data Analysis CIDE(ResearchDevelopment and Epidemiology Center)Tegucigalpa 11101Francisco MorazánHonduras School of medicine National Autonomous University of NicaraguaLeon 21000LeonNicaragua Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology UAB University of Alabama BirminghamBirminghamAL 35233United States School of medcine The University of North CarolinaChapel HillNC 9500United States

BACKGROUND Psychosocial and physical trauma are known risk factors for irritable bowel syndrome(IBS),including in war veterans,whereas war exposure in civilians is *** experienced two wars,1970-1990:The Sandinistas Revolution(1970s)and The Contra War(1980s).Our aim was to investigate the role of exposure to war trauma in the subsequent development of IBS in the context of an established health surveillance system(11000 households).AIm To investigate in a civilian population the relationship between exposure to war trauma and events and the subsequent development of IBS in the context of an established public health and demographic surveillance system in western *** We conducted a nested population-based,cross-sectional study focused on functional gastrointestinal disorders based on Rome II criteria.1617 adults were randomly *** Spanish Rome II modular Questionnaire and Harvard Trauma Questionnaire were validated in *** exposure was assessed with 10 measures of direct and indirect war trauma and post-war *** exposures were defined by≥3 *** The prevalence of IBS was 15.2%[Female(F)17.1%,male(m)12.0%],war exposure 19.3%(F 9.3%,m 36.7%),and post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)5.6%(F 6.4%,m 4.3%).Significant associations with IBS in the civilian population were observed(adjusted by gender,age,socioeconomic status,education):physical and psychological abuse[adjusted odds ratio(aOR):2.25;95%confidence interval:1.1-4.5],witnessed execution(aOR:2.4;1.1-5.2),family member death(aOR:2.2;1.2-4.2),and multiple exposures(aOR:2.7;1.4-5.1).PTSD was independently associated with IBS(aOR:2.6;1.2-5.7).CONCLUSION An enduring association was observed in the Nicaragua civilian population between specific civil war-related events and subsequent *** populations in regions with extended armed conflict may warrant provider education and targeted interventions for patients.

关键词： Irritable bowel syndrome Functional gastrointestinal disorders War trauma Civil war Post-traumatic stress disorder Central America

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The acceleration of a high-charge electron bunch to 10 GeV in a 10-cm nanoparticle-assisted wakefield accelerator

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matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第1期9卷 15-24页

作者： Constantin Aniculaesei Thanh Ha Samuel Yoffe Lance Labun Stephen milton Edward mcCary michael m.Spinks Hernan J.Quevedo Ou Z.Labun Ritwik Sain Andrea Hannasch Rafal Zgadzaj Isabella Pagano Jose A.Franco-Altamirano martin L.Ringuette Erhart Gaul Scott V.Luedtke Ganesh Tiwari Bernhard Ersfeld Enrico Brunetti Hartmut Ruhl todd Ditmire Sandra Bruce michael E.Donovan michael C.Downer Dino A.Jaroszynski Bjorn manuel Hegelich University of Texas at Austin AustinTexas 78712USA SUPA Department of Physics University of StrathclydeGlasgowScotland G4 ONGUnited Kingdom Tau Systems Inc.AustinTexas 78701USA Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCalifornia 94550USA Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNew Mexico 87545USA Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNew York 11973USA Ludwig-maximilians-Universität MunichGermany

An intense laser pulse focused onto a plasma can excite nonlinear plasma *** appropriate conditions,electrons from the background plasma are trapped in the plasma wave and accelerated to ultra-relativistic *** scheme is called a laser wakefield *** this work,we present results from a laser wakefield acceleration experiment using a petawatt-class laser to excite the wakefields as well as nanoparticles to assist the injection of electrons into the accelerating phase of the *** find that a 10-cm-long,nanoparticle-assisted laser wakefield accelerator can generate 340 pC,10±1.86 GeV electron bunches with a 3.4 GeV rms convolved energy spread and a 0.9 mrad rms *** can also produce bunches with lower energies in the 4–6 GeV range.

关键词： acceleration nanoparticle charge

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Resolving the age-related decline in central nervous system myelin turnover and drug discovery for oligodendroglial rejuvenation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第12期17卷 2677-2678页

作者： Andrea Domenico Rivera Arthur morgan Butt Kasum Azim Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences School of Pharmacy and Biomedical ScienceUniversity of PortsmouthPortsmouthUK Section of Human Anatomy Department of NeuroscienceUniversity of PaduaPaduaItaly Department of Neurology Medical FacultyHeinrich-Heine-UniversityDüsseldorfGermany

myel i n genes are amongst the most dysregulated genes in the aged brain:Just over half of the weight of an entire adult human brain is attributed to myelin,which wraps around neuronal axons and is essential for superfast axonal conduction and neuronal *** the central nervous system,it is the function of specialized cells called oligodendrocytes(OLs)to make myelin,which is made up of lipids and *** are generated throughout life by a significant population of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells(OPCs)that are responsible for the lifelong generation of OLs and myelin,essential for learning,as well as repair following pathological insults(*** demyelinating diseases that include multiple sclerosis)(Simons and Nave,2015;Philips and Rothstein,2017).Changes in myelin content in the human brain over the lifespan of individuals have been well documented,as well as evidence of myelin loss in rodent models using classical histological approaches(Bartzokis et al.,2012;Soreq et al.,2017).

关键词： myelin system specialized

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Abductive statistical methods improve the results of calibration curve bioassays:An example of determining zinc bioavailability in broiler chickens

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第3期10卷 294-304页

作者： Gene m.Pesti Lynne Billard Shu-Biao Wu Robert A.Swick Thi Thanh Hoai Nguyen Natalie morgan The University of New England ArmidaleNSW2351Australia The University of Georgia AthensGA30602USA

In this paper,we discuss the theory behind calibration curve experiments and their application to a zinc(Zn)bioavailability study with broiler *** replicates of 16 male commercial broiler chicks were fed starter diets for 14 *** diets had different levels of a potential Zn source and one was a positive control with standard industry levels of Zn for *** commonly used methods of calculating bioavailability means and confidence intervals(CI)from a calibration curve(standard curve)experiment to estimate the bioavailability of a new zinc source in broiler chickens were *** methods compared were the following:1)the Counter-Intuitive method uses a multiple-range test to compare unknown test and standard samples;2)the Intuitive method uses standard linear regression and inverts the equation to predict Zn bioavailability for each replicate of test samples;3)the Abductive method uses Graybill's Equation,based on theory and observation,to estimate CI's;and 4)the Sophistic method uses reverse regression,and calculates Zn bioavailability values directly from the *** Counter-Intuitive method only gives information about which standards the test samples are,or are not,significantly different from respectively(average available Zn not predicted).The Intuitive method ignores error about the standard curve and theoretically cannot estimate the CI directly(X±SEm=107.5±15.8 mg Zn/kg).The Sophistic method underestimates and overestimates the test sample mean values above and below the mean of the standards,respectively(X=96.6 mg Zn/kg).The Abductive method has an advantage over the other methods:The mean prediction estimation is consistent with theory(107.5±6.1 mg Zn/kg;X±SEm).When test or“unknown”samples are near the mean of the standard samples,the CI is smaller than when near the extremes of the calibration *** calibration curve error is small(R^(2)>approximately 0.95),there is little advantage to using the Abductive method,but wh

关键词： Calibration curve Standard curve Confidence interval Bioavailability

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Cautionary Remarks When Testing Agreement between Two Raters for Continuous Scale measurements: A Tutorial in Clinical Epidemiology with Implementation Using R

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2024年第1期14卷 56-74页

作者： mohamed m. Shoukri Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry University of Western Ontario London Canada

Background: When continuous scale measurements are available, agreements between two measuring devices are assessed both graphically and analytically. In clinical investigations, Bland and Altman proposed plotting subject-wise differences between raters against subject-wise averages. In order to scientifically assess agreement, Bartko recommended combining the graphical approach with the statistical analytic procedure suggested by Bradley and Blackwood. The advantage of using this approach is that it enables significance testing and sample size estimation. We noted that the direct use of the results of the regression is misleading and we provide a correction in this regard. methods: Graphical and linear models are used to assess agreements for continuous scale measurements. We demonstrate that software linear regression results should not be readily used and we provided correct analytic procedures. The degrees of freedom of the F-statistics are incorrectly reported, and we propose methods to overcome this problem by introducing the correct analytic form of the F statistic. methods for sample size estimation using R-functions are also given. Results: We believe that the tutorial and the R-codes are useful tools for testing and estimating agreement between two rating protocols for continuous scale measurements. The interested reader may use the codes and apply them to their available data when the issue of agreement between two raters is the subject of interest.

关键词： Limits of Agreement Pitman and morgan Tests Test of Parallelism The Arcsine Variance Stabilizing Transformation Sample Size Estimation

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microchip imaging cytometer:making healthcare available,accessible,and affordable

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Opto-Electronic Advances 2022年第11期5卷 1-15页

作者： Xilong Yuan todd Darcie Ziyin Wei J Stewart Aitchison Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of TorontoTorontoONM5S 3G4Canada

The microchip Imaging Cytometer(mIC)is a class of integrated point-of-care detection systems based on the combination of optical microscopy and flow *** devices have the attributes of portability,cost-effectiveness,and adaptability while providing quantitative measurements to meet the needs of laboratory testing in a variety of healthcare *** on the use of microfluidic chips,mIC requires less sample and can complete sample preparation ***,they can provide quantitative testing results simply using a finger prick *** decreased reagent consumption and reduced form factor also help improve the accessibility and affordability of healthcare services in remote and resource-limited *** this article,we review recent developments of the microchip Imaging Cytometer from the following aspects:clinical applications,microfluidic chip integration,imaging optics,and image ***,we provide an outlook of the field and remark on promising technologies that may enable significant progress in the near future.

关键词： microchip microfluidics flow cytometer imaging cytometer biosensors point-of-care testing biomedical engineering

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Angling of hybrid sunfish from a hatchery pond with potential implications for community fisheries

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2023年第1期8卷 91-95页

作者： Brian G.Blackwell matthew J.Ward todd m.Kaufman South Dakota Department of Game Fish and Parks603 East 8th AvenueWebsterSD57274USA South Dakota Department of Game Fish and Parks44437139A StreetWaubaySD57273USA

Hatcheries are frequently called upon to produce catchable-sized fish for stocking community fishing *** attributes of fish selected for stocking into community ponds are that they are easy to produce in a hatchery system to sizes anglers are interested in catching and they provide anglers with high catch rates once *** sunfish[male Bluegill(Lepomis macrochirus)×female Green Sunfish(***)]have attributes that potentially make them attractive for use in community fishing *** assessed initial angler catch rates of 100 stocked hybrid sunfish in a 0.12-ha hatchery pond and after being subjected to angling(four,1-hr catch-and-release fishing events with five anglers).We also investigated whether catch rates would change following a supplemental stocking of an additional 100 hybrid sunfish(four,1-hr catch-and-release fishing events with five anglers).The anal fin of each fish in the second stocking was hole punched to differentiate them from those of the first stocking and fish caught by anglers were hole punched in the caudal fin each time they were caught before being released back into the *** catch rates were highest during initial fishing events that followed stocking(9.2 fish/angler hr and 18.0 fish/angler hr)and substantially declined in subsequent events(≤3.4 fish/angler hr).Catches of the newly stocked fish and previously stocked fish contributed to the high catch following the supplemental ***(80%)of the fish were caught in the first 30 min of each event and 45%were caught during the first 10 *** were able to catch 88%of the fish from the first stocking and 67%from the second stocking at least *** mortality occurred during the study as all fish were recovered when the pond was *** results suggest that hybrid sunfish will potentially provide high initial catch rates following stocking into community ponds,but managers should expect reduced catch rates following initial fishing even without h

关键词： Hybrid sunfish Angling Community fishing ponds

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ALKALImETRIC TITRATION TO pH 5.75 TO mEASURE DIGESTION ACTIVITY OF FULL SCALE ANAEROBIC SLUDGE DIGESTERS

ALKALIMETRIC TITRATION TO pH 5.75 TO MEASURE DIGESTION ACTIV...

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International Conference on Water & Wastewater

作者： S.Rod Jenkins Joe m.morgan Auburn University AuburnAlabama 36849 Auburn University AuburnAlabama 36849

＜正＞Currently accepted methods for determining the buffer capacity of anaerobic digesters are *** procedures require not only the measurement of alkalinity,but also the determination of volatile *** are three standard methods for measuring volatile acids（1）.All are time consuming,require sophisticated equipment and involve tedious ***,experimental errors are compounded since volatile acids must be subtracted from alkalinity to calculate the useful buffer capacity of a digester.

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Unraveling biochar surface area on structure and heavy metal removal performances of carbothermal reduced nanoscale zero-valent iron

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2023年第4期8卷 388-398页

作者： Tharindu N.Karunaratne Prashan m.Rodrigo Daniel O.Oguntuyi todd E.mlsna Jilei Zhang Xuefeng Zhang Department of Sustainable Bioproducts Mississippi State UniversityMississippi StateMS 39762USA Department of Chemistry Mississippi State UniversityMississippi StateMS 39762USA

Carbothermal reduction using biochar(BC)is a green and effective method of synthesizing BCsupported nanoscale zero-valent iron(nanoFe^(0))***,the effect of BC surface area on the structure,distribution,and performance such as the heavy metal uptake capacity of nanoFe^(0)particles remains *** stover-based BCs with different surface areas(1.7−1472 m^(2)/g)were prepared in this *** have been used for in-situ synthesis BCs-supported nanoFe^(0)particlesthrough carbothermal reduction of ferrous *** BCs-supported nanoFe^(0)particles were found to be covered with graphene shells and dispersed onto BC surfaces,forming the BC-supported graphene-encapsulated nanoFe^(0)(BC-G@Fe^(0))*** graphene shells covering the nanoFe^(0)particles were formed because of gaseous carbon evolved from biomass carbonization reacting with iron oxides/iron *** BC surface area decreased the average diameters of nanoFe^(0)particles,indicating a higher BC surface area alleviated the aggregation of nanoFe^(0)particles,which resulted in higher heavy metal uptake *** the optimized condition,BC-G@Fe^(0)composite exhibited uptake capacities of 124.4,121.8,254.5,and 48.0 mg/g for Cu^(2+),Pb^(2+),Ag^(+),and As^(3+),respectively(pH 5,25℃).moreover,the BC-G@Fe^(0)composite also demonstrated high stability for Cu^(2+)removal from the fixed-bed continuous flow,in which 1 g of BC-G@Fe^(0)can work for 120 h in a 4 mg/L Cu^(2+)flow continually and clean 28.6 L Cu^(2+)contaminated ***,the BC-G@Fe^(0)composite can effectively immobilize the bioavailable As^(3+)from the contaminated soil,i.e.,5%(w)of BC-G@Fe^(0)composite addition can immobilize up to 92.2%bioavailable As^(3+)from the contaminated soil.

关键词： Carbothermal reduction Nanoscale zero-valent iron Heavy metal Fix-bed sorption Soil remediation

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New methodological Approach to Investigation of Kinetics of REE Extraction in Nonstationary Conditions

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Journal of Rare Earths 2007年第4期25卷 385-391页

作者： Kopyrin A A Fomichev A A Afonin m A todd T A Saint-Petersburg Institute of Technology Idaho National Laboratory

The influence of periodical oscillations of the temperature on extraction and stripping processes in the extraction systems was studied. Two extraction systems were investigated：（1） 6 mol · L^-1 NaNO3-Nd（NO3）3-Pr（NO3）3-TBP kerosene and （2） [Nd（NO3）3 · 3TBP] -[ Pr（NO3）3 · 3TBP] -kerosene - 0.1 mol · L^-1 HNO3. mathematical modeling of the nonstationary membrane extraction has been enhanced by including the dependence of the extraction rate constants on temperature. The values of activation energy for direct and reverse extraction and stripping reactions of Pr and Nd were calculated from experimental temporal dependencies of metal concentration and temperature by solving the reverse kinetics problem using the proposed mathematical model, A series of experiments with periodical oscillations of the temperature on the extraction system for the separation of rare earth elements （REE） using bulk liquid membrane between two extractors were performed. The mathematical model adequately describes the experimental data. The optimization of the extraction process for separation of REE by liquid membrane, under the influence of periodical oscillation of the temperature, was made based on the extraction rate constants and activation energies. The optimal conditions of separation by liquid membrane were found： frequency and amplitude of thermal oscillations, liquid membrane flow rate, and optimal ratio between organic and aqueous phase in extractors.

关键词： kinetics extraction non-stationary rare earths

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